codeql/change-notes/1.23/analysis-python.md

Improvements to Python analysis

General improvements

Python 3.8 support

Python 3.8 syntax is now supported. In particular, the following constructs are parsed correctly:

• Assignment expressions using the "walrus" operator, such as while chunk := file.read(1024): ....
• The positional argument separator /, such as in def foo(a, /, b, *, c): ....
• Self-documenting expressions in f-strings, such as f"{var=}".

General query improvements

Following the replacement of the Object API (for example, ClassObject) in favor of the Value API (for example, ClassValue) in the 1.21 release, many of the standard queries have been updated to use the Value API. This should result in more precise results.

New queries

Query	Tags	Purpose
Clear-text logging of sensitive information (py/clear-text-logging-sensitive-data)	security, external/cwe/cwe-312	Finds instances where sensitive information is logged without encryption or hashing. Results are shown on LGTM by default.
Clear-text storage of sensitive information (py/clear-text-storage-sensitive-data)	security, external/cwe/cwe-312	Finds instances where sensitive information is stored without encryption or hashing. Results are shown on LGTM by default.
Binding a socket to all network interfaces (py/bind-socket-all-network-interfaces)	security	Finds instances where a socket is bound to all network interfaces. Results are shown on LGTM by default.

Changes to existing queries

Query	Expected impact	Change
Explicit export is undefined (py/undefined-export)	Fewer false positive results	Instances where an exported value may be defined in a module that lacks points-to information are no longer flagged.
Module-level cyclic import (py/unsafe-cyclic-import)	Fewer false positive results	Instances where one of the links in an import cycle is never actually executed are no longer flagged.
Non-iterable used in for loop (py/non-iterable-in-for-loop)	Fewer false positive results	__aiter__ is now recognized as an iterator method.
Unreachable code (py/unreachable-statement)	Fewer false positive results	Analysis now accounts for uses of contextlib.suppress to suppress exceptions.
Unreachable code (py/unreachable-statement)	Fewer false positive results	Unreachable else branches that do nothing but assert their non-reachability are no longer flagged.
Unused import (py/unused-import)	Fewer false positive results	Instances where a module is used in a forward-referenced type annotation, or only during type checking are no longer flagged.
__iter__ method returns a non-iterator (py/iter-returns-non-iterator)	Better alert message	Alert now highlights which class is expected to be an iterator.
__init__ method returns a value (py/explicit-return-in-init)	Fewer false positive results	Instances where the __init__ method returns the value of a call to a procedure are no longer flagged.

Changes to QL libraries

• Django library now recognizes positional arguments from a django.conf.urls.url regex (Django version 1.x)
• Instances of the Value class now support the isAbsent method, indicating whether that Value lacks points-to information, but inference suggests that it exists. For instance, if a file contains import django, but django was not extracted properly, there will be a ModuleValue corresponding to this "unknown" module, and the isAbsent method will hold for this ModuleValue.
• The Expr class now has a nullary method pointsTo that returns the possible instances of Value that this expression may have.