Python: hotfix - disable instanceFieldStep to avoid type-tracker blowup

The `instanceFieldStep` disjunct of `TypeTrackingInput::levelStepCall`
that was added in 7.2.0 uses `classInstanceTracker(cls)` -- which is
itself a type-tracker -- inside `levelStepCall`. That creates a
structural mutual recursion between the main type-tracker fixpoint and
`classInstanceTracker`, causing the type-tracker delta to blow up to
~100M tuples per iteration on some OOP-heavy Python codebases.
Verified on the python/mypy database: SSRF query wall time goes from
~12s before the offending commit to >40 minutes after it.

This hotfix temporarily drops the `instanceFieldStep` disjunct and
keeps only `inheritedFieldStep`, which does not pull on the call
graph and is well-behaved (verified at ~12s on mypy). The
`instanceFieldStep` helper predicate itself is kept in place, and
the `levelStepCall` body has a commented-out call to it so the
change is trivial to re-enable once the recursion issue is properly
addressed.

java/ql/integration-tests/java/android-8-sample/settings.gradle

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ pluginManagement {
     repositories {
         gradlePluginPortal()
         google()
-        mavenCentral()
+        maven {
+            url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+        }
     }
 }
 dependencyResolutionManagement {
@@ -33,7 +35,9 @@ dependencyResolutionManagement {
     repositoriesMode.set(RepositoriesMode.FAIL_ON_PROJECT_REPOS)
     repositories {
         google()
-        mavenCentral()
+        maven {
+            url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+        }
     }
 }
 rootProject.name = "Android Sample"

java/ql/integration-tests/java/android-sample-kotlin-build-script-no-wrapper/settings.gradle.kts

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ pluginManagement {
     repositories {
         gradlePluginPortal()
         google()
-        mavenCentral()
+        maven {
+            url = uri("https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/")
+        }
     }
 }
 dependencyResolutionManagement {
@@ -33,7 +35,9 @@ dependencyResolutionManagement {
     repositoriesMode.set(RepositoriesMode.FAIL_ON_PROJECT_REPOS)
     repositories {
         google()
-        mavenCentral()
+        maven {
+            url = uri("https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/")
+        }
     }
 }
 rootProject.name = "Android Sample"

java/ql/integration-tests/java/android-sample-kotlin-build-script/settings.gradle.kts

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ pluginManagement {
     repositories {
         gradlePluginPortal()
         google()
-        mavenCentral()
+        maven {
+            url = uri("https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/")
+        }
     }
 }
 dependencyResolutionManagement {
@@ -33,7 +35,9 @@ dependencyResolutionManagement {
     repositoriesMode.set(RepositoriesMode.FAIL_ON_PROJECT_REPOS)
     repositories {
         google()
-        mavenCentral()
+        maven {
+            url = uri("https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/")
+        }
     }
 }
 rootProject.name = "Android Sample"

java/ql/integration-tests/java/android-sample-no-wrapper/settings.gradle

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ pluginManagement {
     repositories {
         gradlePluginPortal()
         google()
-        mavenCentral()
+        maven {
+            url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+        }
     }
 }
 dependencyResolutionManagement {
@@ -33,7 +35,9 @@ dependencyResolutionManagement {
     repositoriesMode.set(RepositoriesMode.FAIL_ON_PROJECT_REPOS)
     repositories {
         google()
-        mavenCentral()
+        maven {
+            url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+        }
     }
 }
 rootProject.name = "Android Sample"

java/ql/integration-tests/java/android-sample-old-style-kotlin-build-script-no-wrapper/build.gradle.kts

@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@ buildscript {
 
     repositories {
         google()
-        jcenter()
+        maven {
+            url = uri("https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/")
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -39,6 +41,8 @@ buildscript {
 allprojects {
     repositories {
         google()
-        jcenter()
+        maven {
+            url = uri("https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/")
+        }
     }
 }

java/ql/integration-tests/java/android-sample-old-style-kotlin-build-script/build.gradle.kts

@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@ buildscript {
 
     repositories {
         google()
-        jcenter()
+        maven {
+            url = uri("https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/")
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -39,6 +41,8 @@ buildscript {
 allprojects {
     repositories {
         google()
-        jcenter()
+        maven {
+            url = uri("https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/")
+        }
     }
 }

java/ql/integration-tests/java/android-sample-old-style-no-wrapper/build.gradle

@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@ buildscript {
 
     repositories {
         google()
-        jcenter()
+        maven {
+            url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -39,6 +41,8 @@ buildscript {
 allprojects {
     repositories {
         google()
-        jcenter()
+        maven {
+            url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+        }
     }
 }

java/ql/integration-tests/java/android-sample-old-style/build.gradle

@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@ buildscript {
 
     repositories {
         google()
-        jcenter()
+        maven {
+            url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -32,13 +34,15 @@ buildscript {
  * dependencies used by all modules in your project, such as third-party plugins
  * or libraries. However, you should configure module-specific dependencies in
  * each module-level build.gradle file. For new projects, Android Studio
- * includes JCenter and Google's Maven repository by default, but it does not
+ * includes Maven Central and Google's Maven repository by default, but it does not
  * configure any dependencies (unless you select a template that requires some).
  */
 
 allprojects {
     repositories {
         google()
-        jcenter()
+        maven {
+            url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+        }
     }
 }

java/ql/integration-tests/java/android-sample/settings.gradle

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ pluginManagement {
     repositories {
         gradlePluginPortal()
         google()
-        mavenCentral()
+        maven {
+            url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+        }
     }
 }
 dependencyResolutionManagement {
@@ -33,7 +35,9 @@ dependencyResolutionManagement {
     repositoriesMode.set(RepositoriesMode.FAIL_ON_PROJECT_REPOS)
     repositories {
         google()
-        mavenCentral()
+        maven {
+            url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+        }
     }
 }
 rootProject.name = "Android Sample"

java/ql/integration-tests/java/buildless-gradle-boms/build.gradle

@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@
 apply plugin: 'java-library'
 
 repositories {
-  mavenCentral()
+  maven {
+    url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+  }
 }
 
 dependencies {

java/ql/integration-tests/java/buildless-gradle-boms/buildless-fetches.expected

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/commons/commons-math3/3.6.1/commons-math3-3.6.1.jar
-https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apiguardian/apiguardian-api/1.1.2/apiguardian-api-1.1.2.jar
-https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/junit/jupiter/junit-jupiter-api/5.12.1/junit-jupiter-api-5.12.1.jar
-https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-commons/1.12.1/junit-platform-commons-1.12.1.jar
-https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/opentest4j/opentest4j/1.3.0/opentest4j-1.3.0.jar
+https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/org/apache/commons/commons-math3/3.6.1/commons-math3-3.6.1.jar
+https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/org/apiguardian/apiguardian-api/1.1.2/apiguardian-api-1.1.2.jar
+https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/org/junit/jupiter/junit-jupiter-api/5.12.1/junit-jupiter-api-5.12.1.jar
+https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-commons/1.12.1/junit-platform-commons-1.12.1.jar
+https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/org/opentest4j/opentest4j/1.3.0/opentest4j-1.3.0.jar

java/ql/integration-tests/java/buildless-gradle-classifiers/build.gradle

@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@
 apply plugin: 'java-library'
 
 repositories {
-  mavenCentral()
+  maven {
+    url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+  }
 }
 
 dependencies {

java/ql/integration-tests/java/buildless-gradle-classifiers/buildless-fetches.expected

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/joda-time/joda-time/2.12.7/joda-time-2.12.7-no-tzdb.jar
-https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/commons/commons-math3/3.6.1/commons-math3-3.6.1.jar
+https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/joda-time/joda-time/2.12.7/joda-time-2.12.7-no-tzdb.jar
+https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/org/apache/commons/commons-math3/3.6.1/commons-math3-3.6.1.jar

java/ql/integration-tests/java/buildless-gradle-timeout/build.gradle

@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ apply plugin: 'java'
 
 // In this section you declare where to find the dependencies of your project
 repositories {
-    // Use 'jcenter' for resolving your dependencies.
-    // You can declare any Maven/Ivy/file repository here.
-    jcenter()
+    maven {
+        url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+    }
 }
 
 // In this section you declare the dependencies for your production and test code

java/ql/integration-tests/java/buildless-gradle/build.gradle

@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@
 apply plugin: 'java-library'
 
 repositories {
-  mavenCentral()
+  maven {
+    url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+  }
 }
 
 dependencies {

java/ql/integration-tests/java/buildless-gradle/buildless-fetches.expected

@@ -1 +1 @@
-https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/commons/commons-math3/3.6.1/commons-math3-3.6.1.jar
+https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/org/apache/commons/commons-math3/3.6.1/commons-math3-3.6.1.jar

java/ql/integration-tests/java/buildless-proxy-gradle/build.gradle

@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@
 apply plugin: 'java-library'
 
 repositories {
-  mavenCentral()
+  maven {
+    url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+  }
 }
 
 dependencies {

java/ql/integration-tests/java/buildless-proxy-gradle/buildless-fetches.expected

@@ -1 +1 @@
-https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/commons/commons-math3/3.6.1/commons-math3-3.6.1.jar
+https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/org/apache/commons/commons-math3/3.6.1/commons-math3-3.6.1.jar

java/ql/integration-tests/java/buildless-sibling-projects/buildless-fetches.expected

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-https://jcenter.bintray.com/junit/junit/4.12/junit-4.12.jar
-https://jcenter.bintray.com/org/hamcrest/hamcrest-core/1.3/hamcrest-core-1.3.jar
-https://jcenter.bintray.com/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/1.7.21/slf4j-api-1.7.21.jar
+https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/junit/junit/4.11/junit-4.11.jar
+https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/junit/junit/4.12/junit-4.12.jar
+https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/org/hamcrest/hamcrest-core/1.3/hamcrest-core-1.3.jar
+https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/org/slf4j/slf4j-api/1.7.21/slf4j-api-1.7.21.jar
 https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/feiniaojin/naaf/naaf-graceful-response-example/1.0/naaf-graceful-response-example-1.0.jar
 https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/github/MoebiusSolutions/avro-registry-in-source/avro-registry-in-source-tests/1.8/avro-registry-in-source-tests-1.8.jar
 https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/github/MoebiusSolutions/avro-registry-in-source/example-project/1.5/example-project-1.5.jar
@@ -12,7 +13,6 @@ https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/de/knutwalker/rx-redis-example_2.11/0.1.2/r
 https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/de/knutwalker/rx-redis-java-example_2.11/0.1.2/rx-redis-java-example_2.11-0.1.2.jar
 https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/io/github/scrollsyou/example-spring-boot-starter/1.0.0/example-spring-boot-starter-1.0.0.jar
 https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/io/streamnative/com/example/maven-central-template/server/3.0.0/server-3.0.0.jar
-https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/junit/junit/4.11/junit-4.11.jar
 https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/no/nav/security/token-validation-ktor-demo/3.1.0/token-validation-ktor-demo-3.1.0.jar
 https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/minijax/minijax-example-fileupload/0.5.10/minijax-example-fileupload-0.5.10.jar
 https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/minijax/minijax-example-inject/0.5.10/minijax-example-inject-0.5.10.jar

java/ql/integration-tests/java/buildless-sibling-projects/gradle-sample/build.gradle

@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ apply plugin: 'java'
 
 // In this section you declare where to find the dependencies of your project
 repositories {
-    // Use 'jcenter' for resolving your dependencies.
-    // You can declare any Maven/Ivy/file repository here.
-    jcenter()
+    maven {
+        url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+    }
 }
 
 // In this section you declare the dependencies for your production and test code

java/ql/integration-tests/java/buildless-sibling-projects/gradle-sample2/build.gradle

@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ apply plugin: 'java'
 
 // In this section you declare where to find the dependencies of your project
 repositories {
-    // Use 'jcenter' for resolving your dependencies.
-    // You can declare any Maven/Ivy/file repository here.
-    jcenter()
+    maven {
+        url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+    }
 }
 
 // In this section you declare the dependencies for your production and test code

java/ql/integration-tests/java/buildless-sibling-projects/settings.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<settings>
+  <mirrors>
+    <mirror>
+      <id>google-maven-central</id>
+      <name>GCS Maven Central mirror</name>
+      <url>https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/</url>
+      <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
+    </mirror>
+  </mirrors>
+</settings>

java/ql/integration-tests/java/buildless-sibling-projects/source_archive.expected

@@ -26,4 +26,5 @@ maven-project-2/src/main/resources/my-app.properties
 maven-project-2/src/main/resources/page.xml
 maven-project-2/src/main/resources/struts.xml
 maven-project-2/src/test/java/com/example/AppTest4.java
+settings.xml
 test-db/working/settings.xml

java/ql/integration-tests/java/buildless-sibling-projects/test.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import os
+
 def test(codeql, use_java_11, java, actions_toolchains_file, check_diagnostics_java):
     # The version of gradle used doesn't work on java 17
     codeql.database.create(
@@ -5,5 +7,6 @@ def test(codeql, use_java_11, java, actions_toolchains_file, check_diagnostics_j
             "CODEQL_EXTRACTOR_JAVA_OPTION_BUILDLESS": "true",
             "CODEQL_EXTRACTOR_JAVA_OPTION_BUILDLESS_CLASSPATH_FROM_BUILD_FILES": "true",
             "LGTM_INDEX_MAVEN_TOOLCHAINS_FILE": str(actions_toolchains_file),
+            "LGTM_INDEX_MAVEN_SETTINGS_FILE": os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)), "settings.xml"),
         }
     )

java/ql/integration-tests/java/diagnostics/android-gradle-incompatibility/settings.gradle

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ pluginManagement {
     repositories {
         gradlePluginPortal()
         google()
-        mavenCentral()
+        maven {
+            url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+        }
     }
 }
 dependencyResolutionManagement {
@@ -33,7 +35,9 @@ dependencyResolutionManagement {
     repositoriesMode.set(RepositoriesMode.FAIL_ON_PROJECT_REPOS)
     repositories {
         google()
-        mavenCentral()
+        maven {
+            url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+        }
     }
 }
 rootProject.name = "Android Sample"

java/ql/integration-tests/java/diagnostics/java-version-too-old/build.gradle

@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ apply plugin: 'java'
 
 // In this section you declare where to find the dependencies of your project
 repositories {
-    // Use 'jcenter' for resolving your dependencies.
-    // You can declare any Maven/Ivy/file repository here.
-    jcenter()
+    maven {
+        url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+    }
 }
 
 // In this section you declare the dependencies for your production and test code

java/ql/integration-tests/java/diagnostics/no-gradle-wrapper/build.gradle

@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ apply plugin: 'java'
 
 // In this section you declare where to find the dependencies of your project
 repositories {
-    // Use 'jcenter' for resolving your dependencies.
-    // You can declare any Maven/Ivy/file repository here.
-    jcenter()
+    maven {
+        url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+    }
 }
 
 // In this section you declare the dependencies for your production and test code

java/ql/integration-tests/java/gradle-sample-kotlin-script/app/build.gradle.kts

@@ -12,8 +12,9 @@ plugins {
 }
 
 repositories {
-    // Use Maven Central for resolving dependencies.
-    mavenCentral()
+    maven {
+        url = uri("https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/")
+    }
 }
 
 dependencies {

java/ql/integration-tests/java/gradle-sample-without-wrapper-or-gradle-buildless/build.gradle

@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ apply plugin: 'java'
 
 // In this section you declare where to find the dependencies of your project
 repositories {
-    // Use 'jcenter' for resolving your dependencies.
-    // You can declare any Maven/Ivy/file repository here.
-    jcenter()
+    maven {
+        url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+    }
 }
 
 // In this section you declare the dependencies for your production and test code

java/ql/integration-tests/java/gradle-sample/build.gradle

@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ apply plugin: 'java'
 
 // In this section you declare where to find the dependencies of your project
 repositories {
-    // Use 'jcenter' for resolving your dependencies.
-    // You can declare any Maven/Ivy/file repository here.
-    jcenter()
+    maven {
+        url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+    }
 }
 
 // In this section you declare the dependencies for your production and test code

java/ql/integration-tests/java/partial-gradle-sample-without-gradle/build.gradle

@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ apply plugin: 'java'
 
 // In this section you declare where to find the dependencies of your project
 repositories {
-    // Use 'jcenter' for resolving your dependencies.
-    // You can declare any Maven/Ivy/file repository here.
-    jcenter()
+    maven {
+        url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+    }
 }
 
 // In this section you declare the dependencies for your production and test code

java/ql/integration-tests/java/partial-gradle-sample/build.gradle

@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ apply plugin: 'java'
 
 // In this section you declare where to find the dependencies of your project
 repositories {
-    // Use 'jcenter' for resolving your dependencies.
-    // You can declare any Maven/Ivy/file repository here.
-    jcenter()
+    maven {
+        url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+    }
 }
 
 // In this section you declare the dependencies for your production and test code

java/ql/integration-tests/java/spring-boot-sample/build.gradle

@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
 // but I omit it to test we recognise the Spring Boot plugin version.
 
 repositories {
-	mavenCentral()
+	maven {
+		url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+	}
 }
 
 dependencies {

java/ql/integration-tests/kotlin/all-platforms/compiler_arguments/app/build.gradle

@@ -15,8 +15,9 @@ plugins {
 }
 
 repositories {
-    // Use Maven Central for resolving dependencies.
-    mavenCentral()
+    maven {
+        url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+    }
 }
 
 application {

java/ql/integration-tests/kotlin/all-platforms/gradle_groovy_app/app/build.gradle

@@ -15,8 +15,9 @@ plugins {
 }
 
 repositories {
-    // Use Maven Central for resolving dependencies.
-    mavenCentral()
+    maven {
+        url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+    }
 }
 
 application {

java/ql/integration-tests/kotlin/all-platforms/gradle_kotlinx_serialization/app/build.gradle

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ plugins {
 }
 
 repositories {
-    mavenCentral()
+    maven {
+        url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+    }
 }
 
 dependencies {

java/ql/integration-tests/kotlin/all-platforms/kotlin_kfunction/app/build.gradle

@@ -15,8 +15,9 @@ plugins {
 }
 
 repositories {
-    // Use Maven Central for resolving dependencies.
-    mavenCentral()
+    maven {
+        url = 'https://maven-central.storage-download.googleapis.com/maven2/'
+    }
 }
 
 application {

python/ql/lib/change-notes/2026-06-30-disable-instance-field-step-hotfix.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+category: minorAnalysis
+---
+
+- Temporarily disabled the `instanceFieldStep` disjunct of the internal `TypeTrackingInput::levelStepCall` predicate, which was introduced in 7.2.0 and caused catastrophic query slowdowns on some OOP-heavy Python codebases (e.g. `mypy` and `dask`).

python/ql/lib/semmle/python/dataflow/new/internal/DataFlowPrivate.qll

@@ -1138,7 +1138,9 @@ predicate clearsContent(Node n, ContentSet cs) {
  * Holds if the value that is being tracked is expected to be stored inside content `c`
  * at node `n`.
  */
-predicate expectsContent(Node n, ContentSet c) { none() }
+predicate expectsContent(Node n, ContentSet c) {
+  FlowSummaryImpl::Private::Steps::summaryExpectsContent(n.(FlowSummaryNode).getSummaryNode(), c)
+}
 
 /**
  * Holds if values stored inside attribute `c` are cleared at node `n`.

python/ql/lib/semmle/python/dataflow/new/internal/FlowSummaryImpl.qll

@@ -91,6 +91,8 @@ module Input implements InputSig<Location, DataFlowImplSpecific::PythonDataFlow>
     cs.isAnyTupleOrDictionaryElement() and result = "AnyTupleOrDictionaryElement" and arg = ""
   }
 
+  string encodeWithContent(ContentSet c, string arg) { result = "With" + encodeContent(c, arg) }
+
   bindingset[token]
   ParameterPosition decodeUnknownParameterPosition(AccessPath::AccessPathTokenBase token) {
     // needed to support `Argument[x..y]` ranges

python/ql/lib/semmle/python/dataflow/new/internal/TypeTrackingImpl.qll

@@ -170,7 +170,13 @@ module TypeTrackingInput implements Shared::TypeTrackingInput<Location> {
 
   /** Holds if there is a level step from `nodeFrom` to `nodeTo`, which may depend on the call graph. */
   predicate levelStepCall(Node nodeFrom, LocalSourceNode nodeTo) {
-    instanceFieldStep(nodeFrom, nodeTo)
+    // HOTFIX: `instanceFieldStep` is temporarily disabled (via `and none()`).
+    // It uses `classInstanceTracker(cls)` -- itself a type-tracker run --
+    // from inside `levelStepCall`, creating a structural mutual recursion
+    // that causes catastrophic query slowdowns on some OOP-heavy Python
+    // codebases (e.g. mypy and dask). The `and none()` should be removed
+    // once that recursion is redesigned.
+    instanceFieldStep(nodeFrom, nodeTo) and none()
     or
     inheritedFieldStep(nodeFrom, nodeTo)
   }

python/ql/lib/semmle/python/frameworks/Stdlib.qll

@@ -4199,11 +4199,9 @@ module StdlibPrivate {
       // The positional argument contains a mapping.
       // TODO: these values can be overwritten by keyword arguments
       //  - dict mapping
-      exists(DataFlow::DictionaryElementContent dc, string key | key = dc.getKey() |
-        input = "Argument[0].DictionaryElement[" + key + "]" and
-        output = "ReturnValue.DictionaryElement[" + key + "]" and
-        preservesValue = true
-      )
+      input = "Argument[0].WithAnyDictionaryElement" and
+      output = "ReturnValue" and
+      preservesValue = true
       or
       //  - list-of-pairs mapping
       input = "Argument[0].ListElement.TupleElement[1]" and
@@ -4240,9 +4238,7 @@ module StdlibPrivate {
         or
         input = "Argument[0].SetElement"
         or
-        exists(DataFlow::TupleElementContent tc, int i | i = tc.getIndex() |
-          input = "Argument[0].TupleElement[" + i.toString() + "]"
-        )
+        input = "Argument[0].AnyTupleElement"
         // TODO: Once we have DictKeyContent, we need to transform that into ListElementContent
       ) and
       // Element content is mutated into list element content
@@ -4266,11 +4262,9 @@ module StdlibPrivate {
     }
 
     override predicate propagatesFlow(string input, string output, boolean preservesValue) {
-      exists(DataFlow::TupleElementContent tc, int i | i = tc.getIndex() |
-        input = "Argument[0].TupleElement[" + i.toString() + "]" and
-        output = "ReturnValue.TupleElement[" + i.toString() + "]" and
-        preservesValue = true
-      )
+      input = "Argument[0].WithAnyTupleElement" and
+      output = "ReturnValue" and
+      preservesValue = true
       or
       input = "Argument[0].ListElement" and
       output = "ReturnValue" and
@@ -4294,9 +4288,7 @@ module StdlibPrivate {
         or
         input = "Argument[0].SetElement"
         or
-        exists(DataFlow::TupleElementContent tc, int i | i = tc.getIndex() |
-          input = "Argument[0].TupleElement[" + i.toString() + "]"
-        )
+        input = "Argument[0].AnyTupleElement"
         // TODO: Once we have DictKeyContent, we need to transform that into ListElementContent
       ) and
       output = "ReturnValue.SetElement" and
@@ -4342,9 +4334,7 @@ module StdlibPrivate {
         or
         input = "Argument[0].SetElement"
         or
-        exists(DataFlow::TupleElementContent tc, int i | i = tc.getIndex() |
-          input = "Argument[0].TupleElement[" + i.toString() + "]"
-        )
+        input = "Argument[0].AnyTupleElement"
         // TODO: Once we have DictKeyContent, we need to transform that into ListElementContent
       ) and
       output = "ReturnValue.ListElement" and
@@ -4372,9 +4362,7 @@ module StdlibPrivate {
         or
         content = "SetElement"
         or
-        exists(DataFlow::TupleElementContent tc, int i | i = tc.getIndex() |
-          content = "TupleElement[" + i.toString() + "]"
-        )
+        content = "AnyTupleElement"
       |
         // TODO: Once we have DictKeyContent, we need to transform that into ListElementContent
         input = "Argument[0]." + content and
@@ -4404,9 +4392,7 @@ module StdlibPrivate {
         or
         input = "Argument[0].SetElement"
         or
-        exists(DataFlow::TupleElementContent tc, int i | i = tc.getIndex() |
-          input = "Argument[0].TupleElement[" + i.toString() + "]"
-        )
+        input = "Argument[0].AnyTupleElement"
         // TODO: Once we have DictKeyContent, we need to transform that into ListElementContent
       ) and
       output = "ReturnValue.ListElement" and
@@ -4434,9 +4420,7 @@ module StdlibPrivate {
         or
         input = "Argument[0].SetElement"
         or
-        exists(DataFlow::TupleElementContent tc, int i | i = tc.getIndex() |
-          input = "Argument[0].TupleElement[" + i.toString() + "]"
-        )
+        input = "Argument[0].AnyTupleElement"
         // TODO: Once we have DictKeyContent, we need to transform that into ListElementContent
       ) and
       output = "ReturnValue" and
@@ -4468,9 +4452,7 @@ module StdlibPrivate {
           // We reduce generality slightly by not tracking tuple contents on list arguments beyond the first, for performance.
           // TODO: Once we have TupleElementAny, this generality can be increased.
           i = 0 and
-          exists(DataFlow::TupleElementContent tc, int j | j = tc.getIndex() |
-            input = "Argument[1].TupleElement[" + j.toString() + "]"
-          )
+          input = "Argument[1].AnyTupleElement"
           // TODO: Once we have DictKeyContent, we need to transform that into ListElementContent
         ) and
         output = "Argument[0].Parameter[" + i.toString() + "]" and
@@ -4499,9 +4481,7 @@ module StdlibPrivate {
         or
         input = "Argument[1].SetElement"
         or
-        exists(DataFlow::TupleElementContent tc, int i | i = tc.getIndex() |
-          input = "Argument[1].TupleElement[" + i.toString() + "]"
-        )
+        input = "Argument[1].AnyTupleElement"
         // TODO: Once we have DictKeyContent, we need to transform that into ListElementContent
       ) and
       (output = "Argument[0].Parameter[0]" or output = "ReturnValue.ListElement") and
@@ -4525,9 +4505,7 @@ module StdlibPrivate {
         or
         input = "Argument[0].SetElement"
         or
-        exists(DataFlow::TupleElementContent tc, int i | i = tc.getIndex() |
-          input = "Argument[0].TupleElement[" + i.toString() + "]"
-        )
+        input = "Argument[0].AnyTupleElement"
         // TODO: Once we have DictKeyContent, we need to transform that into ListElementContent
       ) and
       output = "ReturnValue.ListElement.TupleElement[1]" and
@@ -4552,12 +4530,7 @@ module StdlibPrivate {
           or
           input = "Argument[" + i.toString() + "].SetElement"
           or
-          // We reduce generality slightly by not tracking tuple contents on arguments beyond the first two, for performance.
-          // TODO: Once we have TupleElementAny, this generality can be increased.
-          i in [0 .. 1] and
-          exists(DataFlow::TupleElementContent tc, int j | j = tc.getIndex() |
-            input = "Argument[" + i.toString() + "].TupleElement[" + j.toString() + "]"
-          )
+          input = "Argument[" + i.toString() + "].AnyTupleElement"
           // TODO: Once we have DictKeyContent, we need to transform that into ListElementContent
         ) and
         output = "ReturnValue.ListElement.TupleElement[" + i.toString() + "]" and
@@ -4580,12 +4553,6 @@ module StdlibPrivate {
     override DataFlow::ArgumentNode getACallback() { none() }
 
     override predicate propagatesFlow(string input, string output, boolean preservesValue) {
-      exists(DataFlow::Content c |
-        input = "Argument[self]." + c.getMaDRepresentation() and
-        output = "ReturnValue." + c.getMaDRepresentation() and
-        preservesValue = true
-      )
-      or
       input = "Argument[self]" and
       output = "ReturnValue" and
       preservesValue = true
@@ -4741,12 +4708,10 @@ module StdlibPrivate {
     override DataFlow::ArgumentNode getACallback() { none() }
 
     override predicate propagatesFlow(string input, string output, boolean preservesValue) {
-      exists(DataFlow::DictionaryElementContent dc, string key | key = dc.getKey() |
-        input = "Argument[self].DictionaryElement[" + key + "]" and
-        output = "ReturnValue.TupleElement[1]" and
-        preservesValue = true
-        // TODO: put `key` into "ReturnValue.TupleElement[0]"
-      )
+      input = "Argument[self].AnyDictionaryElement" and
+      output = "ReturnValue.TupleElement[1]" and
+      preservesValue = true
+      // TODO: put `key` into "ReturnValue.TupleElement[0]"
     }
   }
 
@@ -4825,11 +4790,9 @@ module StdlibPrivate {
     }
 
     override predicate propagatesFlow(string input, string output, boolean preservesValue) {
-      exists(DataFlow::DictionaryElementContent dc, string key | key = dc.getKey() |
-        input = "Argument[self].DictionaryElement[" + key + "]" and
-        output = "ReturnValue.ListElement" and
-        preservesValue = true
-      )
+      input = "Argument[self].AnyDictionaryElement" and
+      output = "ReturnValue.ListElement" and
+      preservesValue = true
       or
       input = "Argument[self]" and
       output = "ReturnValue" and
@@ -4876,11 +4839,9 @@ module StdlibPrivate {
     }
 
     override predicate propagatesFlow(string input, string output, boolean preservesValue) {
-      exists(DataFlow::DictionaryElementContent dc, string key | key = dc.getKey() |
-        input = "Argument[self].DictionaryElement[" + key + "]" and
-        output = "ReturnValue.ListElement.TupleElement[1]" and
-        preservesValue = true
-      )
+      input = "Argument[self].AnyDictionaryElement" and
+      output = "ReturnValue.ListElement.TupleElement[1]" and
+      preservesValue = true
       or
       // TODO: Add the keys to output list
       input = "Argument[self]" and

python/ql/test/library-tests/dataflow/coverage/test_builtins.py

@@ -589,11 +589,11 @@ def test_zip_tuple():
 
     SINK(z[0][0])  # $ flow="SOURCE, l:-7 -> z[0][0]"
     SINK(z[0][1])  # $ flow="SOURCE, l:-7 -> z[0][1]"
-    SINK_F(z[0][2])
+    SINK_F(z[0][2]) # $ SPURIOUS: flow="SOURCE, l:-7 -> z[0][2]"
     SINK_F(z[0][3])
     SINK(z[1][0])  # $ flow="SOURCE, l:-11 -> z[1][0]"
     SINK_F(z[1][1]) # $ SPURIOUS: flow="SOURCE, l:-11 -> z[1][1]"
-    SINK(z[1][2]) # $ MISSING: flow="SOURCE, l:-11 -> z[1][2]" # Tuple contents are not tracked beyond the first two arguments for performance.
+    SINK(z[1][2]) # $ flow="SOURCE, l:-11 -> z[1][2]"
     SINK_F(z[1][3])
 
 @expects(4)

python/ql/test/library-tests/dataflow/typetracking/attribute_tests.py

@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class MyClass2(object):
         print(self.foo) # $ tracked MISSING: tracked=foo
 
 instance = MyClass2()
-print(instance.foo) # $ tracked MISSING: tracked=foo
+print(instance.foo) # $ MISSING: tracked=foo tracked
 instance.print_foo() # $ MISSING: tracked=foo
 
 
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ class Sub1(Base1):
 
 sub1 = Sub1()
 sub1.read_foo()
-print(sub1.foo) # $ tracked MISSING: tracked=foo
+print(sub1.foo) # $ MISSING: tracked=foo tracked
 
 
 # attribute written in a subclass method, read in an inherited base class method
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ class Sub2(Base2):
 
 sub2 = Sub2()
 sub2.read_bar()
-print(sub2.bar) # $ tracked MISSING: tracked=bar
+print(sub2.bar) # $ MISSING: tracked=bar tracked
 
 
 # attribute written in a base class method, read on an instance of the subclass
@@ -223,4 +223,4 @@ class Sub3(Base3):
     pass
 
 sub3 = Sub3()
-print(sub3.baz) # $ tracked MISSING: tracked=baz
+print(sub3.baz) # $ MISSING: tracked=baz tracked

python/ql/test/library-tests/frameworks/django-orm/testapp/orm_tests.py

@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ def test_load_in_bulk():
     # see https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/models/querysets/#in-bulk
     d = TestLoad.objects.in_bulk([1])
     for val in d.values():
-        SINK(val.text) # $ MISSING: flow
+        SINK(val.text) # $ flow="SOURCE, l:-65 -> val.text"
     SINK(d[1].text) # $ flow="SOURCE, l:-66 -> d[1].text"
 
 

python/ql/test/query-tests/Security/CWE-089-SqlInjection/SqlInjection.expected

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #select
 | app.py:23:20:23:24 | ControlFlowNode for query | app.py:20:18:20:21 | ControlFlowNode for name | app.py:23:20:23:24 | ControlFlowNode for query | This SQL query depends on a $@. | app.py:20:18:20:21 | ControlFlowNode for name | user-provided value |
 | app.py:30:20:30:24 | ControlFlowNode for query | app.py:27:19:27:22 | ControlFlowNode for name | app.py:30:20:30:24 | ControlFlowNode for query | This SQL query depends on a $@. | app.py:27:19:27:22 | ControlFlowNode for name | user-provided value |
-| app.py:37:20:37:24 | ControlFlowNode for query | app.py:34:19:34:22 | ControlFlowNode for name | app.py:37:20:37:24 | ControlFlowNode for query | This SQL query depends on a $@. | app.py:34:19:34:22 | ControlFlowNode for name | user-provided value |
 | app.py:44:20:44:24 | ControlFlowNode for query | app.py:41:19:41:22 | ControlFlowNode for name | app.py:44:20:44:24 | ControlFlowNode for query | This SQL query depends on a $@. | app.py:41:19:41:22 | ControlFlowNode for name | user-provided value |
 | app.py:51:20:51:24 | ControlFlowNode for query | app.py:48:19:48:22 | ControlFlowNode for name | app.py:51:20:51:24 | ControlFlowNode for query | This SQL query depends on a $@. | app.py:48:19:48:22 | ControlFlowNode for name | user-provided value |
 | sql_injection.py:21:24:21:77 | ControlFlowNode for BinaryExpr | sql_injection.py:14:15:14:22 | ControlFlowNode for username | sql_injection.py:21:24:21:77 | ControlFlowNode for BinaryExpr | This SQL query depends on a $@. | sql_injection.py:14:15:14:22 | ControlFlowNode for username | user-provided value |
@@ -25,8 +24,6 @@ edges
 | app.py:21:5:21:9 | ControlFlowNode for query | app.py:23:20:23:24 | ControlFlowNode for query | provenance |  |
 | app.py:27:19:27:22 | ControlFlowNode for name | app.py:28:5:28:9 | ControlFlowNode for query | provenance |  |
 | app.py:28:5:28:9 | ControlFlowNode for query | app.py:30:20:30:24 | ControlFlowNode for query | provenance |  |
-| app.py:34:19:34:22 | ControlFlowNode for name | app.py:35:5:35:9 | ControlFlowNode for query | provenance |  |
-| app.py:35:5:35:9 | ControlFlowNode for query | app.py:37:20:37:24 | ControlFlowNode for query | provenance |  |
 | app.py:41:19:41:22 | ControlFlowNode for name | app.py:42:5:42:9 | ControlFlowNode for query | provenance |  |
 | app.py:42:5:42:9 | ControlFlowNode for query | app.py:44:20:44:24 | ControlFlowNode for query | provenance |  |
 | app.py:48:19:48:22 | ControlFlowNode for name | app.py:49:5:49:9 | ControlFlowNode for query | provenance |  |
@@ -54,9 +51,6 @@ nodes
 | app.py:27:19:27:22 | ControlFlowNode for name | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for name |
 | app.py:28:5:28:9 | ControlFlowNode for query | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for query |
 | app.py:30:20:30:24 | ControlFlowNode for query | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for query |
-| app.py:34:19:34:22 | ControlFlowNode for name | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for name |
-| app.py:35:5:35:9 | ControlFlowNode for query | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for query |
-| app.py:37:20:37:24 | ControlFlowNode for query | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for query |
 | app.py:41:19:41:22 | ControlFlowNode for name | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for name |
 | app.py:42:5:42:9 | ControlFlowNode for query | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for query |
 | app.py:44:20:44:24 | ControlFlowNode for query | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for query |

python/ql/test/query-tests/Security/CWE-089-SqlInjection/app.py

@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ async def unsafe2(name: str): # $ Source
     cursor.close()
 
 @app.get("/unsafe3/")
-async def unsafe3(name: str): # $ Source
+async def unsafe3(name: str): # $ MISSING: Source
     query = "select * from users where name=" + name
     cursor = hdb_con3.cursor()
-    cursor.execute(query) # $ Alert
+    cursor.execute(query) # $ MISSING: Alert
     cursor.close()
 
 @app.get("/unsafe4/")

shared/tree-sitter-extractor/src/extractor/mod.rs

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ impl<'a> AstNode for Node<'a> {
 
 impl AstNode for yeast::Node {
     fn kind(&self) -> &str {
-        yeast::Node::kind_name(self)
+        yeast::Node::kind(self)
     }
     fn is_named(&self) -> bool {
         yeast::Node::is_named(self)
@@ -882,6 +882,7 @@ fn emit_extras_in(visitor: &mut Visitor, node: Node<'_>) {
 }
 
 fn traverse_yeast(tree: &yeast::Ast, visitor: &mut Visitor) {
+    use yeast::Cursor;
     let mut cursor = tree.walk();
     visitor.enter_node(cursor.node());
     let mut recurse = true;

shared/yeast-macros/src/lib.rs

@@ -41,14 +41,22 @@ pub fn query(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
 /// (kind "literal")             - leaf with static content
 /// (kind #{expr})               - leaf with computed content (expr.to_string())
 /// (kind $fresh)                - leaf with auto-generated unique name
-/// {expr}                       - embed a Rust expression, dispatched via
-///                                the `IntoFieldIds` trait: `Id` pushes a
-///                                single id; iterables (`Vec<Id>`,
-///                                `Option<Id>`, iterator chains) splice
-///                                their elements
-/// field: {expr}                - extend a named field with `{expr}`'s ids
+/// {expr}                       - embed a Rust expression returning Id
+/// {..expr}                     - splice an iterable of Id (in child/field position)
+/// field: {..expr}              - splice into a named field
+/// {expr}.map(p -> tpl)         - apply tpl to each element; splice result
+/// {expr}.reduce_left(f -> init, acc, e -> fold)
+///                              - fold with per-element init; splice 0 or 1 result
 /// ```
 ///
+/// Chain syntax after `{expr}` or `{..expr}`:
+/// - `.map(param -> template)` — one output node per input element.
+/// - `.reduce_left(first -> init, acc, elem -> fold)` — fold left; the first
+///   element is converted by `init`, subsequent elements are folded by `fold`
+///   with the accumulator bound to `acc`. An empty iterable yields nothing.
+/// - Chains always splice (the result is iterable).
+/// - Multiple chains can be chained, e.g. `.map(...).reduce_left(...)`.
+///
 /// Can be called with an explicit context or using the implicit context
 /// from an enclosing `rule!`:
 ///
@@ -92,7 +100,7 @@ pub fn trees(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
 /// rule!(
 ///     (query_pattern field: (_) @name (kind)* @repeated (_)? @optional)
 ///     =>
-///     (output_template field: {name} {repeated})
+///     (output_template field: {name} {..repeated})
 /// )
 ///
 /// // Shorthand: captures become fields on the output node
@@ -113,3 +121,37 @@ pub fn rule(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
         Err(err) => err.to_compile_error().into(),
     }
 }
+
+/// Define a desugaring rule whose transform is a hand-written Rust block.
+///
+/// Use `manual_rule!` when the transform needs control over capture
+/// translation timing — for example, when an outer rule needs to set
+/// state in `ctx` (the `BuildCtx`'s user context) before recursive
+/// translation reaches inner rules that read that state.
+///
+/// ```text
+/// manual_rule!(
+///     (query_pattern field: (_) @name)
+///     {
+///         // `ctx` is a `&mut BuildCtx<'_, C>`; capture variables
+///         // (`name: NodeRef`, etc.) are bound from the query.
+///         let translated = ctx.translate(name)?;
+///         Ok(translated)
+///     }
+/// )
+/// ```
+///
+/// Differences from [`rule!`]:
+/// - Captures are **not** auto-translated before the body runs; they
+///   refer to raw input-schema nodes. Use [`BuildCtx::translate`] (or
+///   [`BuildCtx::translate_opt`]) to translate them when you choose.
+/// - The body is plain Rust returning `Result<Vec<Id>, String>` — no
+///   tree template, no `Ok(...)` wrap.
+#[proc_macro]
+pub fn manual_rule(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+    let input2: TokenStream2 = input.into();
+    match parse::parse_manual_rule_top(input2) {
+        Ok(output) => output.into(),
+        Err(err) => err.to_compile_error().into(),
+    }
+}

shared/yeast-macros/src/parse.rs

@@ -22,9 +22,10 @@ pub fn parse_query_top(input: TokenStream) -> Result<TokenStream> {
 /// Parse a single query node (possibly with a trailing `@capture`).
 fn parse_query_node(tokens: &mut Tokens) -> Result<TokenStream> {
     let base = parse_query_atom(tokens)?;
-    // Check for trailing @capture or @@capture
+    // Check for trailing @capture
     if peek_is_at(tokens) {
-        let capture_name = consume_capture_marker(tokens)?;
+        tokens.next(); // consume @
+        let capture_name = expect_ident(tokens, "expected capture name after @")?;
         let name_str = capture_name.to_string();
         Ok(quote! {
             yeast::query::QueryNode::Capture {
@@ -158,7 +159,8 @@ fn parse_query_fields(tokens: &mut Tokens) -> Result<Vec<TokenStream>> {
                 push_field_elem(&mut field_order, &mut field_elems, field_str, elem);
             } else {
                 let child = if peek_is_at(tokens) {
-                    let capture_name = consume_capture_marker(tokens)?;
+                    tokens.next();
+                    let capture_name = expect_ident(tokens, "expected capture name after @")?;
                     let name_str = capture_name.to_string();
                     quote! {
                         yeast::query::QueryNode::Capture {
@@ -304,8 +306,7 @@ fn parse_ctx_or_implicit(tokens: &mut Tokens) -> Ident {
         && matches!(lookahead.next(), Some(TokenTree::Punct(p)) if p.as_char() == ',');
 
     if is_explicit {
-        let ctx = expect_ident(tokens, "unreachable: ident was just peeked")
-            .expect("unreachable: ident was just peeked");
+        let ctx = expect_ident(tokens, "").unwrap();
         let _ = tokens.next(); // consume comma
         ctx
     } else {
@@ -343,7 +344,7 @@ pub fn parse_trees_top(input: TokenStream) -> Result<TokenStream> {
     }
     Ok(quote! {
         {
-            let mut __nodes: Vec<yeast::Id> = Vec::new();
+            let mut __nodes: Vec<usize> = Vec::new();
             #(#items)*
             __nodes
         }
@@ -357,7 +358,7 @@ fn parse_direct_node(tokens: &mut Tokens, ctx: &Ident) -> Result<TokenStream> {
         Some(TokenTree::Group(g)) if g.delimiter() == Delimiter::Brace => {
             let group = expect_group(tokens, Delimiter::Brace)?;
             let expr = group.stream();
-            Ok(quote! { ::std::convert::Into::<yeast::Id>::into({ #expr }) })
+            Ok(quote! { ::std::convert::Into::<usize>::into({ #expr }) })
         }
         Some(TokenTree::Group(g)) if g.delimiter() == Delimiter::Parenthesis => {
             let group = expect_group(tokens, Delimiter::Parenthesis)?;
@@ -430,24 +431,49 @@ fn parse_direct_node_inner(tokens: &mut Tokens, ctx: &Ident) -> Result<TokenStre
         );
         field_counter += 1;
 
-        // Plain `field: {expr}` — trait-dispatched extend.
+        // Check for field: {..expr}.chain or field: {expr}.chain — splice a Vec<Id> into the field
         if peek_is_group(tokens, Delimiter::Brace) {
-            let group = expect_group(tokens, Delimiter::Brace)?;
-            let expr = group.stream();
-            stmts.push(quote! {
-                let mut #temp: Vec<yeast::Id> = Vec::new();
-                yeast::IntoFieldIds::extend_into({ #expr }, &mut #temp);
-            });
-            // An empty `{expr}` means the field is absent — skip it
-            // entirely rather than emitting an empty named field.
-            field_args.push(quote! {
-                if !#temp.is_empty() { __fields.push((#field_str, #temp)); }
-            });
-            continue;
+            let group_clone = tokens.clone().next().unwrap();
+            if let TokenTree::Group(g) = &group_clone {
+                let mut inner_check = g.stream().into_iter();
+                let is_splice = matches!(inner_check.next(), Some(TokenTree::Punct(p)) if p.as_char() == '.')
+                    && matches!(inner_check.next(), Some(TokenTree::Punct(p)) if p.as_char() == '.');
+                // Determine if a chain (.map(..)) follows the `{}` group.
+                let mut after = tokens.clone();
+                after.next(); // skip the brace group
+                let has_chain =
+                    matches!(after.peek(), Some(TokenTree::Punct(p)) if p.as_char() == '.');
+
+                if is_splice || has_chain {
+                    let group = expect_group(tokens, Delimiter::Brace)?;
+                    let base: TokenStream = if is_splice {
+                        let mut inner = group.stream().into_iter().peekable();
+                        inner.next(); // consume first .
+                        inner.next(); // consume second .
+                        let expr: TokenStream = inner.collect();
+                        quote! {
+                            { #expr }.into_iter().map(::std::convert::Into::<usize>::into)
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        let expr = group.stream();
+                        quote! { { #expr }.into_iter() }
+                    };
+                    let chained = parse_chain_suffix(tokens, ctx, base)?;
+                    stmts.push(quote! {
+                        let #temp: Vec<usize> = #chained.collect();
+                    });
+                    // An empty splice means the field is absent — skip it
+                    // entirely rather than emitting an empty named field.
+                    field_args.push(quote! {
+                        if !#temp.is_empty() { __fields.push((#field_str, #temp)); }
+                    });
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         let value = parse_direct_node(tokens, ctx)?;
-        stmts.push(quote! { let #temp: yeast::Id = #value; });
+        stmts.push(quote! { let #temp: usize = #value; });
         field_args.push(quote! { __fields.push((#field_str, vec![#temp])); });
     }
 
@@ -464,13 +490,101 @@ fn parse_direct_node_inner(tokens: &mut Tokens, ctx: &Ident) -> Result<TokenStre
     Ok(quote! {
         {
             #(#stmts)*
-            let mut __fields: Vec<(&str, Vec<yeast::Id>)> = Vec::new();
+            let mut __fields: Vec<(&str, Vec<usize>)> = Vec::new();
             #(#field_args)*
             #ctx.node(#kind_str, __fields)
         }
     })
 }
 
+/// Parse a chain of `.method(args)` suffixes after a `{expr}` or `{..expr}`
+/// placeholder in tree templates. Currently supports:
+///
+/// ```text
+/// .map(param -> template)   -- iterator map: produces Vec<usize>
+/// ```
+///
+/// The chain may be empty (returns `base` unchanged). Multiple chained calls
+/// are supported, e.g. `.map(p -> ...).map(q -> ...)`.
+///
+/// Each call expects the receiver to be an iterator. The `base` argument
+/// should therefore already be an iterator (use `.into_iter()` on it before
+/// calling this function).
+fn parse_chain_suffix(tokens: &mut Tokens, ctx: &Ident, base: TokenStream) -> Result<TokenStream> {
+    let mut current = base;
+    while matches!(tokens.peek(), Some(TokenTree::Punct(p)) if p.as_char() == '.') {
+        tokens.next(); // consume .
+        let method = expect_ident(tokens, "expected method name after `.`")?;
+        let method_str = method.to_string();
+        let args_group = expect_group(tokens, Delimiter::Parenthesis)?;
+        match method_str.as_str() {
+            "map" => {
+                let mut inner = args_group.stream().into_iter().peekable();
+                let param = expect_ident(&mut inner, "expected lambda parameter name")?;
+                expect_punct(&mut inner, '-', "expected `->` after lambda parameter")?;
+                expect_punct(&mut inner, '>', "expected `->` after lambda parameter")?;
+                let body = parse_direct_node(&mut inner, ctx)?;
+                if let Some(tok) = inner.next() {
+                    return Err(syn::Error::new_spanned(
+                        tok,
+                        "unexpected token after lambda body",
+                    ));
+                }
+                current = quote! {
+                    #current.map(|#param| #body)
+                };
+            }
+            "reduce_left" => {
+                // Syntax: reduce_left(first -> init_tpl, acc, elem -> fold_tpl)
+                // - first -> init_tpl : converts the first element to the initial accumulator
+                // - acc, elem -> fold_tpl : fold step (acc = current accumulator, elem = next element)
+                // Empty iterator produces an empty iterator; non-empty produces a single-element iterator.
+                let mut inner = args_group.stream().into_iter().peekable();
+                let init_param = expect_ident(&mut inner, "expected initial lambda parameter")?;
+                expect_punct(&mut inner, '-', "expected `->` after init parameter")?;
+                expect_punct(&mut inner, '>', "expected `->` after init parameter")?;
+                let init_body = parse_direct_node(&mut inner, ctx)?;
+                expect_punct(&mut inner, ',', "expected `,` after init template")?;
+                let acc_param = expect_ident(&mut inner, "expected accumulator parameter")?;
+                expect_punct(&mut inner, ',', "expected `,` after accumulator parameter")?;
+                let elem_param = expect_ident(&mut inner, "expected element parameter")?;
+                expect_punct(&mut inner, '-', "expected `->` after element parameter")?;
+                expect_punct(&mut inner, '>', "expected `->` after element parameter")?;
+                let fold_body = parse_direct_node(&mut inner, ctx)?;
+                if let Some(tok) = inner.next() {
+                    return Err(syn::Error::new_spanned(
+                        tok,
+                        "unexpected token after fold template",
+                    ));
+                }
+                current = quote! {
+                    {
+                        let mut __iter = #current;
+                        let __result: Option<usize> = if let Some(#init_param) = __iter.next() {
+                            let mut __acc: usize = #init_body;
+                            for #elem_param in __iter {
+                                let #acc_param: usize = __acc;
+                                __acc = #fold_body;
+                            }
+                            Some(__acc)
+                        } else {
+                            None
+                        };
+                        __result.into_iter()
+                    }
+                };
+            }
+            _ => {
+                return Err(syn::Error::new_spanned(
+                    method,
+                    format!("unknown builtin method `.{method_str}()`"),
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(current)
+}
+
 /// Parse the top-level list of a `trees!` template.
 /// Each item is a node template or `{expr}` splice.
 fn parse_direct_list(tokens: &mut Tokens, ctx: &Ident) -> Result<Vec<TokenStream>> {
@@ -491,14 +605,35 @@ fn parse_direct_list(tokens: &mut Tokens, ctx: &Ident) -> Result<Vec<TokenStream
             continue;
         }
 
-        // `{expr}` — extend `__nodes` via `IntoFieldIds`, which handles
-        // single ids and iterables uniformly.
+        // {expr} or {..expr} (with optional .chain) — single node or splice
         if peek_is_group(tokens, Delimiter::Brace) {
             let group = expect_group(tokens, Delimiter::Brace)?;
-            let expr = group.stream();
-            items.push(quote! {
-                yeast::IntoFieldIds::extend_into({ #expr }, &mut __nodes);
-            });
+            let has_chain =
+                matches!(tokens.peek(), Some(TokenTree::Punct(p)) if p.as_char() == '.');
+            let mut inner = group.stream().into_iter().peekable();
+            let is_splice = peek_is_dotdot(&inner);
+            if is_splice || has_chain {
+                let base: TokenStream = if is_splice {
+                    inner.next(); // consume first .
+                    inner.next(); // consume second .
+                    let expr: TokenStream = inner.collect();
+                    quote! {
+                        { #expr }.into_iter().map(::std::convert::Into::<usize>::into)
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    let expr = group.stream();
+                    quote! { { #expr }.into_iter() }
+                };
+                let chained = parse_chain_suffix(tokens, ctx, base)?;
+                items.push(quote! {
+                    __nodes.extend(#chained);
+                });
+            } else {
+                let expr = group.stream();
+                items.push(quote! {
+                    __nodes.push(::std::convert::Into::<usize>::into({ #expr }));
+                });
+            }
             continue;
         }
 
@@ -515,9 +650,6 @@ fn parse_direct_list(tokens: &mut Tokens, ctx: &Ident) -> Result<Vec<TokenStream
 struct CaptureInfo {
     name: String,
     multiplicity: CaptureMultiplicity,
-    /// `true` for `@@name` captures: the auto-translate prefix skips them,
-    /// so the bound `Id` refers to the raw (input-schema) node.
-    raw: bool,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
@@ -576,14 +708,6 @@ fn extract_captures_inner(
                 extract_captures_inner(&mut inner, captures, child_mult);
             }
             TokenTree::Punct(p) if p.as_char() == '@' => {
-                // `@@name` marks the capture as raw (skip auto-translate).
-                let raw = matches!(
-                    tokens.peek(),
-                    Some(TokenTree::Punct(p)) if p.as_char() == '@'
-                );
-                if raw {
-                    tokens.next(); // consume the second `@`
-                }
                 if let Some(TokenTree::Ident(name)) = tokens.next() {
                     let mult = if parent_mult == CaptureMultiplicity::Repeated
                         || last_mult == CaptureMultiplicity::Repeated
@@ -599,7 +723,6 @@ fn extract_captures_inner(
                     captures.push(CaptureInfo {
                         name: name.to_string(),
                         multiplicity: mult,
-                        raw,
                     });
                 }
                 last_mult = CaptureMultiplicity::Single;
@@ -653,14 +776,6 @@ pub fn parse_rule_top(input: TokenStream) -> Result<TokenStream> {
     // Parse query
     let query_code = parse_query_top(query_stream.clone())?;
 
-    // Capture names marked `@@name` (raw) — passed to the auto-translate
-    // prefix as a skip list so those captures keep their input-schema ids.
-    let raw_capture_names: Vec<&str> = captures
-        .iter()
-        .filter(|c| c.raw)
-        .map(|c| c.name.as_str())
-        .collect();
-
     // Generate capture bindings
     let ctx_ident = Ident::new(IMPLICIT_CTX, Span::call_site());
     let bindings: Vec<TokenStream> = captures
@@ -671,17 +786,22 @@ pub fn parse_rule_top(input: TokenStream) -> Result<TokenStream> {
             match cap.multiplicity {
                 CaptureMultiplicity::Repeated => {
                     quote! {
-                        let #name: Vec<yeast::Id> = __captures.get_all(#name_str);
+                        let #name: Vec<yeast::NodeRef> = __captures.get_all(#name_str)
+                            .into_iter()
+                            .map(yeast::NodeRef)
+                            .collect();
                     }
                 }
                 CaptureMultiplicity::Optional => {
                     quote! {
-                        let #name: Option<yeast::Id> = __captures.get_opt(#name_str);
+                        let #name: Option<yeast::NodeRef> =
+                            __captures.get_opt(#name_str).map(yeast::NodeRef);
                     }
                 }
                 CaptureMultiplicity::Single => {
                     quote! {
-                        let #name: yeast::Id = __captures.get_var(#name_str).unwrap();
+                        let #name: yeast::NodeRef =
+                            yeast::NodeRef(__captures.get_var(#name_str).unwrap());
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -712,7 +832,7 @@ pub fn parse_rule_top(input: TokenStream) -> Result<TokenStream> {
                         __fields.insert(
                             __field_id,
                             #name.into_iter()
-                                .map(::std::convert::Into::<yeast::Id>::into)
+                                .map(::std::convert::Into::<usize>::into)
                                 .collect(),
                         );
                     },
@@ -721,14 +841,14 @@ pub fn parse_rule_top(input: TokenStream) -> Result<TokenStream> {
                             .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("field '{}' not found", #name_str));
                         if let Some(__id) = #name {
                             __fields.entry(__field_id).or_insert_with(Vec::new)
-                                .push(::std::convert::Into::<yeast::Id>::into(__id));
+                                .push(::std::convert::Into::<usize>::into(__id));
                         }
                     },
                     CaptureMultiplicity::Single => quote! {
                         let __field_id = #ctx_ident.ast.field_id_for_name(#name_str)
                             .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("field '{}' not found", #name_str));
                         __fields.entry(__field_id).or_insert_with(Vec::new)
-                            .push(::std::convert::Into::<yeast::Id>::into(#name));
+                            .push(::std::convert::Into::<usize>::into(#name));
                     },
                 }
             })
@@ -760,7 +880,7 @@ pub fn parse_rule_top(input: TokenStream) -> Result<TokenStream> {
         }
 
         quote! {
-            let mut __nodes: Vec<yeast::Id> = Vec::new();
+            let mut __nodes: Vec<usize> = Vec::new();
             #(#transform_items)*
             __nodes
         }
@@ -771,23 +891,120 @@ pub fn parse_rule_top(input: TokenStream) -> Result<TokenStream> {
             let __query = #query_code;
             yeast::Rule::new(__query, Box::new(|__ast: &mut yeast::Ast, mut __captures: yeast::captures::Captures, __fresh: &yeast::tree_builder::FreshScope, __source_range: Option<tree_sitter::Range>, __user_ctx: &mut _, __translator: yeast::TranslatorHandle<'_, _>| {
                 // Auto-translation prefix: recursively translate every
-                // captured node before invoking the user's transform body,
-                // except for `@@name` captures listed in `__skip` which the
-                // body consumes raw.
+                // captured node before invoking the user's transform body.
                 // For OneShot rules this preserves the legacy behaviour
                 // (input-schema captures translated to output-schema
                 // nodes); for Repeating rules it is a no-op.
-                let __skip: &[&str] = &[#(#raw_capture_names),*];
-                __translator.auto_translate_captures(&mut __captures, __ast, __user_ctx, __skip)?;
+                __translator.auto_translate_captures(&mut __captures, __ast, __user_ctx)?;
                 #(#bindings)*
                 let mut #ctx_ident = yeast::build::BuildCtx::with_translator(__ast, &__captures, __fresh, __source_range, __user_ctx, __translator);
-                let __result: Vec<yeast::Id> = { #transform_body };
+                let __result: Vec<usize> = { #transform_body };
                 Ok(__result)
             }))
         }
     })
 }
 
+/// Parse `manual_rule!( query { body } )`.
+///
+/// Like [`parse_rule_top`] but:
+/// - Expects a Rust block `{ ... }` after the query (no `=>` arrow).
+/// - Generates code that does NOT auto-translate captures before
+///   running the body. Capture variables refer to raw (input-schema)
+///   nodes; the body is responsible for explicit translation via
+///   `ctx.translate(...)`.
+/// - The body is included verbatim and must evaluate to
+///   `Result<Vec<usize>, String>`.
+pub fn parse_manual_rule_top(input: TokenStream) -> Result<TokenStream> {
+    let mut tokens = input.into_iter().peekable();
+
+    // Collect query tokens up to the body block `{ ... }`.
+    let mut query_tokens = Vec::new();
+    loop {
+        match tokens.peek() {
+            None => {
+                return Err(syn::Error::new(
+                    Span::call_site(),
+                    "expected a Rust block `{ ... }` after the query in manual_rule!",
+                ))
+            }
+            Some(TokenTree::Group(g)) if g.delimiter() == Delimiter::Brace => break,
+            _ => {
+                query_tokens.push(tokens.next().unwrap());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let query_stream: TokenStream = query_tokens.into_iter().collect();
+
+    // Extract captures from the query (same as in `rule!`).
+    let captures = extract_captures(&query_stream);
+
+    // Parse the query into the QueryNode-building expression.
+    let query_code = parse_query_top(query_stream)?;
+
+    // Generate capture bindings (same as in `rule!`).
+    let ctx_ident = Ident::new(IMPLICIT_CTX, Span::call_site());
+    let bindings: Vec<TokenStream> = captures
+        .iter()
+        .map(|cap| {
+            let name = Ident::new(&cap.name, Span::call_site());
+            let name_str = &cap.name;
+            match cap.multiplicity {
+                CaptureMultiplicity::Repeated => quote! {
+                    let #name: Vec<yeast::NodeRef> = __captures.get_all(#name_str)
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .map(yeast::NodeRef)
+                        .collect();
+                },
+                CaptureMultiplicity::Optional => quote! {
+                    let #name: Option<yeast::NodeRef> =
+                        __captures.get_opt(#name_str).map(yeast::NodeRef);
+                },
+                CaptureMultiplicity::Single => quote! {
+                    let #name: yeast::NodeRef =
+                        yeast::NodeRef(__captures.get_var(#name_str).unwrap());
+                },
+            }
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    // Consume the body block.
+    let body_group = match tokens.next() {
+        Some(TokenTree::Group(g)) if g.delimiter() == Delimiter::Brace => g,
+        other => {
+            return Err(syn::Error::new(
+                Span::call_site(),
+                format!(
+                    "expected a Rust block `{{ ... }}` after the query in manual_rule!, found: {other:?}"
+                ),
+            ))
+        }
+    };
+    let body_stream = body_group.stream();
+
+    // No tokens should follow the body.
+    if let Some(tok) = tokens.next() {
+        return Err(syn::Error::new_spanned(
+            tok,
+            "unexpected token after manual_rule! body",
+        ));
+    }
+
+    Ok(quote! {
+        {
+            let __query = #query_code;
+            yeast::Rule::new(__query, Box::new(|__ast: &mut yeast::Ast, __captures: yeast::captures::Captures, __fresh: &yeast::tree_builder::FreshScope, __source_range: Option<tree_sitter::Range>, __user_ctx: &mut _, __translator: yeast::TranslatorHandle<'_, _>| {
+                // No auto-translate prefix for manual rules — the body
+                // is responsible for translating captures explicitly.
+                #(#bindings)*
+                let mut #ctx_ident = yeast::build::BuildCtx::with_translator(__ast, &__captures, __fresh, __source_range, __user_ctx, __translator);
+                #body_stream
+            }))
+        }
+    })
+}
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Token utilities
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -796,16 +1013,6 @@ fn peek_is_at(tokens: &mut Tokens) -> bool {
     matches!(tokens.peek(), Some(TokenTree::Punct(p)) if p.as_char() == '@')
 }
 
-/// Consume an `@` or `@@` capture marker and the following name ident.
-/// Caller has already verified `peek_is_at(tokens)`.
-fn consume_capture_marker(tokens: &mut Tokens) -> Result<Ident> {
-    tokens.next(); // consume the first `@`
-    if peek_is_at(tokens) {
-        tokens.next(); // consume the second `@` of `@@`
-    }
-    expect_ident(tokens, "expected capture name after `@` or `@@`")
-}
-
 fn peek_is_literal(tokens: &mut Tokens) -> bool {
     matches!(tokens.peek(), Some(TokenTree::Literal(_)))
 }
@@ -818,6 +1025,13 @@ fn peek_is_hash(tokens: &mut Tokens) -> bool {
     matches!(tokens.peek(), Some(TokenTree::Punct(p)) if p.as_char() == '#')
 }
 
+/// Check for `..` (two consecutive dot punctuation tokens).
+fn peek_is_dotdot(tokens: &Tokens) -> bool {
+    let mut lookahead = tokens.clone();
+    matches!(lookahead.next(), Some(TokenTree::Punct(p)) if p.as_char() == '.')
+        && matches!(lookahead.next(), Some(TokenTree::Punct(p)) if p.as_char() == '.')
+}
+
 fn peek_is_underscore(tokens: &mut Tokens) -> bool {
     matches!(tokens.peek(), Some(TokenTree::Ident(id)) if *id == "_")
 }
@@ -899,7 +1113,8 @@ fn expect_repetition(tokens: &mut Tokens) -> Result<TokenStream> {
 
 fn maybe_wrap_capture(tokens: &mut Tokens, base: TokenStream) -> Result<TokenStream> {
     if peek_is_at(tokens) {
-        let name = consume_capture_marker(tokens)?;
+        tokens.next(); // consume @
+        let name = expect_ident(tokens, "expected capture name after @")?;
         let name_str = name.to_string();
         Ok(quote! {
             yeast::query::QueryNode::Capture {
@@ -926,12 +1141,13 @@ fn maybe_wrap_repetition(tokens: &mut Tokens, single: TokenStream) -> Result<Tok
     }
 }
 
-/// If `@name` (or `@@name`) follows a Repeated list element, wrap each
-/// child SingleNode inside the repetition with a Capture. This matches
-/// tree-sitter semantics where `(_)* @name` captures each matched node.
+/// If `@name` follows a Repeated list element, wrap each child SingleNode
+/// inside the repetition with a Capture. This matches tree-sitter semantics
+/// where `(_)* @name` captures each matched node.
 fn maybe_wrap_list_capture(tokens: &mut Tokens, elem: TokenStream) -> Result<TokenStream> {
     if peek_is_at(tokens) {
-        let name = consume_capture_marker(tokens)?;
+        tokens.next();
+        let name = expect_ident(tokens, "expected capture name after @")?;
         let name_str = name.to_string();
         // Re-parse the element isn't practical, so we generate a wrapper
         // that creates a new Repeated with each child wrapped in a capture.

shared/yeast/doc/yeast.md

@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ yeast::tree!(ctx,
 ```rust
 yeast::trees!(ctx,
     (assignment left: {tmp} right: {right})
-    {body}
+    {..body}
 )
 ```
 
@@ -256,26 +256,12 @@ occurrences of the same `$name` within one `BuildCtx` share the same value:
 
 ### Embedded Rust expressions
 
-`{expr}` embeds a Rust expression whose value is appended to the
-enclosing field (or to the rule body's id list). Dispatch happens via
-the [`IntoFieldIds`] trait, which is implemented for:
-
-- `Id` — pushes the single id.
-- Any `IntoIterator<Item: Into<Id>>` — extends with all yielded ids
-  (covers `Vec<Id>`, `Option<Id>`, iterator chains, etc.).
-
-So the same `{expr}` syntax handles single ids, splices, and zero-or-many
-options uniformly:
+`{expr}` embeds a Rust expression that returns a single node `Id`:
 
 ```rust
 (assignment
-    left: {some_node_id}       // a single Id
-    right: {rhs}               // a captured value (inside rule!)
-)
-
-yeast::trees!(ctx,
-    (assignment left: {tmp} right: {right})
-    {extra_nodes}              // splices a Vec<Id>
+    left: {some_node_id}       // insert a pre-built node
+    right: {rhs}               // insert a captured value (inside rule!)
 )
 ```
 
@@ -291,47 +277,20 @@ expressions (with `let` bindings) work too:
     })
 ```
 
-Inside `rule!`, captures are Rust variables — `{name}` works for
-single, optional, and repeated captures alike:
+`{..expr}` splices a `Vec<Id>` (or any iterable of `Id`); the contents
+are likewise a Rust block, so the splice can be the result of arbitrary
+computation:
 
 ```rust
-rule!(
-    (assignment left: @lhs right: _* @parts)
-    =>
-    (assignment left: {lhs} right: (block stmt: {parts}))
+yeast::trees!(ctx,
+    (assignment left: {tmp} right: {right})
+    {..extra_nodes}                        // splice a Vec<Id>
 )
 ```
 
-### Raw captures (`@@name`)
-
-The default `@name` capture marker is *auto-translated*: in OneShot
-phases the macro recursively translates the captured node before
-binding it, so `{name}` in the output template splices a node that
-already conforms to the output schema.
-
-For rules that need the raw (input-schema) capture — typically to read
-its source text or to translate it explicitly with mutable context
-state between calls — use `@@name` instead. The body sees the original
-input-schema `Id`:
-
-```rust
-yeast::rule!(
-    (assignment left: (_) @@raw_lhs right: (_) @rhs)
-    =>
-    {
-        // raw_lhs is untranslated: read its original source text.
-        let text = ctx.ast.source_text(raw_lhs.into());
-        // rhs is already translated by the auto-translate prefix.
-        tree!((call
-            method: (identifier #{text.as_str()})
-            receiver: {rhs}))
-    }
-);
-```
-
-Mix `@` and `@@` freely in the same rule. In a Repeating phase both
-markers are equivalent (auto-translation is a no-op for repeating
-rules).
+Inside `rule!`, captures are Rust variables, so `{name}` inserts a
+single capture (`Id`) and `{..name}` splices a repeated capture
+(`Vec<Id>`).
 
 ## Complete example: for-loop desugaring
 

shared/yeast/src/build.rs

@@ -158,6 +158,15 @@ impl<'a, C> BuildCtx<'a, C> {
         self.ast
             .create_named_token_with_range(kind, generated, self.source_range)
     }
+
+    /// Prepend a value to a field of an existing node.
+    pub fn prepend_field(&mut self, node_id: Id, field_name: &str, value_id: Id) {
+        let field_id = self
+            .ast
+            .field_id_for_name(field_name)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("build: field '{field_name}' not found"));
+        self.ast.prepend_field_child(node_id, field_id, value_id);
+    }
 }
 
 impl<C: Clone> BuildCtx<'_, C> {
@@ -167,6 +176,9 @@ impl<C: Clone> BuildCtx<'_, C> {
     /// (translation is not meaningful when input and output share a
     /// schema).
     ///
+    /// Accepts any value convertible to [`Id`] (including [`crate::NodeRef`]),
+    /// so manual rules can pass capture bindings directly without unwrapping.
+    ///
     /// Errors if this `BuildCtx` was constructed by hand (without a
     /// translator handle) — for example, in unit tests that don't go
     /// through the rule driver.
@@ -177,6 +189,20 @@ impl<C: Clone> BuildCtx<'_, C> {
             None => Err("translate() called on a BuildCtx without a translator handle".into()),
         }
     }
+
+    /// Translate an optional capture, returning the first translated id or
+    /// `None`. Convenience for `?`-quantifier captures (`Option<NodeRef>`).
+    ///
+    /// If the underlying translation produces multiple ids for a single
+    /// input, only the first is returned. For most use cases (e.g.
+    /// translating a single type annotation) this is what you want; if
+    /// you need all ids, use [`translate`] directly.
+    pub fn translate_opt<I: Into<Id>>(&mut self, id: Option<I>) -> Result<Option<Id>, String> {
+        match id {
+            Some(id) => Ok(self.translate(id)?.into_iter().next()),
+            None => Ok(None),
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl<C> std::ops::Deref for BuildCtx<'_, C> {

shared/yeast/src/captures.rs

@@ -54,24 +54,24 @@ impl Captures {
         self.captures.entry(key).or_default().push(id);
     }
 
-    /// Apply a fallible function to every captured id, replacing each id
-    /// with the results. A function returning an empty vector removes
-    /// the capture; returning multiple ids splices them into the
-    /// capture's value list (suitable for `*`/`+` captures). Captures
-    /// whose name appears in `skip` are left untouched. Stops and
-    /// returns the error on the first failure.
-    ///
-    /// Used by the `rule!` macro's auto-translate prefix to translate
-    /// every capture except those marked `@@name` (raw).
-    pub fn try_map_captures_except<E>(
+    pub fn map_captures(&mut self, kind: &str, f: &mut impl FnMut(Id) -> Id) {
+        if let Some(ids) = self.captures.get_mut(kind) {
+            for id in ids {
+                *id = f(*id);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Apply a fallible function to every captured id (across all keys),
+    /// replacing each id with the results. A function returning an empty
+    /// vector removes the capture; returning multiple ids splices them
+    /// into the capture's value list (suitable for `*`/`+` captures).
+    /// Stops and returns the error on the first failure.
+    pub fn try_map_all_captures<E>(
         &mut self,
-        skip: &[&str],
         mut f: impl FnMut(Id) -> Result<Vec<Id>, E>,
     ) -> Result<(), E> {
-        for (name, ids) in self.captures.iter_mut() {
-            if skip.contains(name) {
-                continue;
-            }
+        for ids in self.captures.values_mut() {
             let mut new_ids = Vec::with_capacity(ids.len());
             for &id in ids.iter() {
                 new_ids.extend(f(id)?);
@@ -80,6 +80,12 @@ impl Captures {
         }
         Ok(())
     }
+    pub fn map_captures_to(&mut self, from: &str, to: &'static str, f: &mut impl FnMut(Id) -> Id) {
+        if let Some(from_ids) = self.captures.get(from) {
+            let new_values = from_ids.iter().copied().map(f).collect();
+            self.captures.insert(to, new_values);
+        }
+    }
 
     pub fn merge(&mut self, other: &Captures) {
         for (key, ids) in &other.captures {

shared/yeast/src/cursor.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+pub trait Cursor<'a, T, N, F> {
+    fn node(&self) -> &'a N;
+    fn field_id(&self) -> Option<F>;
+    fn field_name(&self) -> Option<&'static str>;
+    fn goto_first_child(&mut self) -> bool;
+    fn goto_next_sibling(&mut self) -> bool;
+    fn goto_parent(&mut self) -> bool;
+}

shared/yeast/src/dump.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use std::fmt::Write;
 
-use crate::{schema::Schema, Ast, Id, Node, NodeContent, CHILD_FIELD};
+use crate::{schema::Schema, Ast, Node, NodeContent, CHILD_FIELD};
 
 /// Options for controlling AST dump output.
 pub struct DumpOptions {
@@ -34,11 +34,16 @@ impl Default for DumpOptions {
 ///         method:
 ///           identifier "foo"
 /// ```
-pub fn dump_ast(ast: &Ast, root: Id, source: &str) -> String {
+pub fn dump_ast(ast: &Ast, root: usize, source: &str) -> String {
     dump_ast_with_options(ast, root, source, &DumpOptions::default())
 }
 
-pub fn dump_ast_with_options(ast: &Ast, root: Id, source: &str, options: &DumpOptions) -> String {
+pub fn dump_ast_with_options(
+    ast: &Ast,
+    root: usize,
+    source: &str,
+    options: &DumpOptions,
+) -> String {
     let mut out = String::new();
     dump_node(ast, root, source, options, 0, None, &mut out);
     out
@@ -48,7 +53,7 @@ pub fn dump_ast_with_options(ast: &Ast, root: Id, source: &str, options: &DumpOp
 ///
 /// Any node that does not match the expected type set for its parent field is
 /// rendered with a trailing `" <-- ERROR: ..."` annotation on the same line.
-pub fn dump_ast_with_type_errors(ast: &Ast, root: Id, source: &str, schema: &Schema) -> String {
+pub fn dump_ast_with_type_errors(ast: &Ast, root: usize, source: &str, schema: &Schema) -> String {
     dump_ast_with_type_errors_and_options(ast, root, source, schema, &DumpOptions::default())
 }
 
@@ -58,7 +63,7 @@ pub fn dump_ast_with_type_errors(ast: &Ast, root: Id, source: &str, schema: &Sch
 /// rendered with a trailing `" <-- ERROR: ..."` annotation on the same line.
 pub fn dump_ast_with_type_errors_and_options(
     ast: &Ast,
-    root: Id,
+    root: usize,
     source: &str,
     schema: &Schema,
     options: &DumpOptions,
@@ -171,7 +176,7 @@ fn expected_for_field<'a>(
 
 fn dump_node(
     ast: &Ast,
-    id: Id,
+    id: usize,
     source: &str,
     options: &DumpOptions,
     indent: usize,
@@ -310,7 +315,7 @@ fn dump_node(
 /// Dump a leaf node inline (no newline prefix, caller provides context).
 fn dump_node_inline(
     ast: &Ast,
-    id: Id,
+    id: usize,
     source: &str,
     options: &DumpOptions,
     type_check: Option<(

shared/yeast/src/lib.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use serde_json::{json, Value};
 
 pub mod build;
 pub mod captures;
+pub mod cursor;
 pub mod dump;
 pub mod node_types_yaml;
 pub mod query;
@@ -15,64 +16,35 @@ pub mod schema;
 pub mod tree_builder;
 mod visitor;
 
-pub use yeast_macros::{query, rule, tree, trees};
+pub use yeast_macros::{manual_rule, query, rule, tree, trees};
 
 use captures::Captures;
+pub use cursor::Cursor;
 use query::QueryNode;
 
-/// Node id: an index into the [`Ast`] arena. A newtype around `usize`
-/// rather than a bare alias so that it can carry its own
-/// [`YeastDisplay`] / [`YeastSourceRange`] / [`IntoFieldIds`] impls
-/// without colliding with the impls for plain integers.
-///
-/// Use `id.0` (or `id.into()`) to obtain the raw arena index.
-#[repr(transparent)]
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Debug, Hash, Serialize)]
-pub struct Id(pub usize);
-
-impl From<usize> for Id {
-    fn from(value: usize) -> Self {
-        Id(value)
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<Id> for usize {
-    fn from(value: Id) -> Self {
-        value.0
-    }
-}
+/// Node ids are indexes into the arena
+pub type Id = usize;
 
 /// Field and Kind ids are provided by tree-sitter
 type FieldId = u16;
 type KindId = u16;
 
-/// Trait for values that can be appended to a field's id list inside a
-/// `tree!`/`trees!`/`rule!` template (in `{expr}` placeholders).
-///
-/// `Id` pushes a single id; the blanket impl for
-/// `IntoIterator<Item: Into<Id>>` handles `Vec<Id>`, `Option<Id>`,
-/// arbitrary iterators yielding `Id`, etc.
-///
-/// This lets `{expr}` interpolate any of these shapes without a
-/// dedicated splice syntax — the macro emits the same trait-dispatched
-/// call regardless of the value's type.
-pub trait IntoFieldIds {
-    fn extend_into(self, out: &mut Vec<Id>);
-}
+/// A typed reference to a node in an [`Ast`] arena. Wraps an [`Id`] but
+/// deliberately does not implement [`std::fmt::Display`]: rendering a node
+/// requires the [`Ast`] it lives in (to resolve [`NodeContent::Range`] back
+/// to source text). Use [`YeastDisplay::yeast_to_string`] to format it.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Debug, Hash)]
+pub struct NodeRef(pub Id);
 
-impl IntoFieldIds for Id {
-    fn extend_into(self, out: &mut Vec<Id>) {
-        out.push(self);
+impl NodeRef {
+    pub fn id(self) -> Id {
+        self.0
     }
 }
 
-impl<I, T> IntoFieldIds for I
-where
-    I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,
-    T: Into<Id>,
-{
-    fn extend_into(self, out: &mut Vec<Id>) {
-        out.extend(self.into_iter().map(Into::into));
+impl From<NodeRef> for Id {
+    fn from(value: NodeRef) -> Self {
+        value.0
     }
 }
 
@@ -89,21 +61,21 @@ pub trait YeastDisplay {
 /// Optional source range for values used in `#{expr}` interpolations.
 ///
 /// By default this returns `None`, so synthesized leaves inherit the matched
-/// rule's source range. `Id` returns the referenced node's range, letting
+/// rule's source range. `NodeRef` returns the referenced node's range, letting
 /// `(kind #{capture})` carry the captured node's location.
 pub trait YeastSourceRange {
     fn yeast_source_range(&self, ast: &Ast) -> Option<tree_sitter::Range>;
 }
 
-impl YeastDisplay for Id {
+impl YeastDisplay for NodeRef {
     fn yeast_to_string(&self, ast: &Ast) -> String {
-        ast.source_text(*self)
+        ast.source_text(self.0)
     }
 }
 
-impl YeastSourceRange for Id {
+impl YeastSourceRange for NodeRef {
     fn yeast_source_range(&self, ast: &Ast) -> Option<tree_sitter::Range> {
-        ast.get_node(*self).and_then(|n| match &n.content {
+        ast.get_node(self.0).and_then(|n| match &n.content {
             NodeContent::Range(r) => Some(r.clone()),
             _ => n.source_range,
         })
@@ -172,36 +144,6 @@ impl<'a> AstCursor<'a> {
         self.node_id
     }
 
-    pub fn node(&self) -> &'a Node {
-        &self.ast.nodes[self.node_id.0]
-    }
-
-    pub fn field_id(&self) -> Option<FieldId> {
-        let (_, children) = self.parents.last()?;
-        children.current_field()
-    }
-
-    pub fn field_name(&self) -> Option<&'static str> {
-        if self.field_id() == Some(CHILD_FIELD) {
-            None
-        } else {
-            self.field_id()
-                .and_then(|id| self.ast.field_name_for_id(id))
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn goto_first_child(&mut self) -> bool {
-        self.goto_first_child_opt().is_some()
-    }
-
-    pub fn goto_next_sibling(&mut self) -> bool {
-        self.goto_next_sibling_opt().is_some()
-    }
-
-    pub fn goto_parent(&mut self) -> bool {
-        self.goto_parent_opt().is_some()
-    }
-
     fn goto_next_sibling_opt(&mut self) -> Option<()> {
         self.node_id = self.parents.last_mut()?.1.next()?;
         Some(())
@@ -222,6 +164,37 @@ impl<'a> AstCursor<'a> {
         Some(())
     }
 }
+impl<'a> Cursor<'a, Ast, Node, FieldId> for AstCursor<'a> {
+    fn node(&self) -> &'a Node {
+        &self.ast.nodes[self.node_id]
+    }
+
+    fn field_id(&self) -> Option<FieldId> {
+        let (_, children) = self.parents.last()?;
+        children.current_field()
+    }
+
+    fn field_name(&self) -> Option<&'static str> {
+        if self.field_id() == Some(CHILD_FIELD) {
+            None
+        } else {
+            self.field_id()
+                .and_then(|id| self.ast.field_name_for_id(id))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn goto_first_child(&mut self) -> bool {
+        self.goto_first_child_opt().is_some()
+    }
+
+    fn goto_next_sibling(&mut self) -> bool {
+        self.goto_next_sibling_opt().is_some()
+    }
+
+    fn goto_parent(&mut self) -> bool {
+        self.goto_parent_opt().is_some()
+    }
+}
 
 /// An iterator over the child Ids of a node.
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -368,16 +341,16 @@ impl Ast {
     ///
     /// This reflects the effective AST after desugaring and excludes orphaned
     /// arena nodes left behind by rewrite operations.
-    pub fn reachable_node_ids(&self) -> Vec<Id> {
+    pub fn reachable_node_ids(&self) -> Vec<usize> {
         let mut reachable = Vec::new();
         let mut stack = vec![self.root];
         let mut seen = vec![false; self.nodes.len()];
 
         while let Some(id) = stack.pop() {
-            if id.0 >= self.nodes.len() || seen[id.0] {
+            if id >= self.nodes.len() || seen[id] {
                 continue;
             }
-            seen[id.0] = true;
+            seen[id] = true;
             reachable.push(id);
 
             if let Some(node) = self.get_node(id) {
@@ -401,11 +374,11 @@ impl Ast {
     }
 
     pub fn get_node(&self, id: Id) -> Option<&Node> {
-        self.nodes.get(id.0)
+        self.nodes.get(id)
     }
 
     pub fn print(&self, source: &str, root_id: Id) -> Value {
-        let root = &self.nodes()[root_id.0];
+        let root = &self.nodes()[root_id];
         self.print_node(root, source)
     }
 
@@ -448,7 +421,7 @@ impl Ast {
             is_named,
             source_range,
         });
-        Id(id)
+        id
     }
 
     fn union_source_range_of_children(
@@ -515,6 +488,15 @@ impl Ast {
         self.create_named_token_with_range(kind, content, None)
     }
 
+    /// Prepend a child id to the given field of the given node.
+    pub fn prepend_field_child(&mut self, node_id: Id, field_id: FieldId, value_id: Id) {
+        let node = self
+            .nodes
+            .get_mut(node_id)
+            .expect("prepend_field_child: invalid node id");
+        node.fields.entry(field_id).or_default().insert(0, value_id);
+    }
+
     pub fn create_named_token_with_range(
         &mut self,
         kind: &'static str,
@@ -536,7 +518,7 @@ impl Ast {
             fields: BTreeMap::new(),
             content: NodeContent::DynamicString(content),
         });
-        Id(id)
+        id
     }
 
     pub fn field_name_for_id(&self, id: FieldId) -> Option<&'static str> {
@@ -620,6 +602,10 @@ pub struct Node {
 }
 
 impl Node {
+    pub fn kind(&self) -> &'static str {
+        self.kind_name
+    }
+
     pub fn kind_name(&self) -> &'static str {
         self.kind_name
     }
@@ -771,14 +757,13 @@ impl<'a, C: Clone> TranslatorHandle<'a, C> {
     }
 
     /// Translate every captured node in `captures` in place (OneShot phase
-    /// only), except for captures whose name appears in `skip` — those are
-    /// left as raw (input-schema) ids for the rule body to consume
-    /// directly. In a Repeating phase this is a no-op — Repeating rules
-    /// receive raw captures regardless of `skip`.
+    /// only). In a Repeating phase this is a no-op — Repeating rules
+    /// receive raw captures.
     ///
-    /// Used by the `rule!` macro's generated prefix. `skip` is populated
-    /// from the macro's `@@name` capture markers; for plain `@name`
-    /// captures (and rules with no `@@` markers) it is empty.
+    /// Used by the `rule!` macro's generated prefix to preserve the
+    /// pre-existing "auto-translate captures before running the transform
+    /// body" behavior. Manually-written transforms typically translate
+    /// captures selectively via [`translate`] instead.
     ///
     /// To avoid infinite recursion, a capture whose id matches the rule's
     /// matched root (e.g. from a `(_) @_` pattern) is left unchanged.
@@ -787,12 +772,11 @@ impl<'a, C: Clone> TranslatorHandle<'a, C> {
         captures: &mut Captures,
         ast: &mut Ast,
         user_ctx: &mut C,
-        skip: &[&str],
     ) -> Result<(), String> {
         match &self.inner {
             TranslatorImpl::OneShot { matched_root, .. } => {
                 let root = *matched_root;
-                captures.try_map_captures_except(skip, |cid| {
+                captures.try_map_all_captures(|cid| {
                     if cid == root {
                         Ok(vec![cid])
                     } else {
@@ -964,7 +948,7 @@ fn apply_repeating_rules_inner<C: Clone>(
         ));
     }
 
-    let node_kind = ast.get_node(id).map(|n| n.kind_name()).unwrap_or("");
+    let node_kind = ast.get_node(id).map(|n| n.kind()).unwrap_or("");
     for rule in index.rules_for_kind(node_kind) {
         let rule_ptr = *rule as *const Rule<C>;
         if Some(rule_ptr) == skip_rule {
@@ -1016,7 +1000,7 @@ fn apply_repeating_rules_inner<C: Clone>(
     //
     // Child traversal does not increment rewrite depth and starts fresh
     // (no rule is skipped on child subtrees).
-    let mut fields = std::mem::take(&mut ast.nodes[id.0].fields);
+    let mut fields = std::mem::take(&mut ast.nodes[id].fields);
     for children in fields.values_mut() {
         let mut new_children: Option<Vec<Id>> = None;
         for (i, &child_id) in children.iter().enumerate() {
@@ -1049,7 +1033,7 @@ fn apply_repeating_rules_inner<C: Clone>(
             *children = new;
         }
     }
-    ast.nodes[id.0].fields = fields;
+    ast.nodes[id].fields = fields;
     Ok(vec![id])
 }
 
@@ -1083,7 +1067,7 @@ fn apply_one_shot_rules_inner<C: Clone>(
         ));
     }
 
-    let node_kind = ast.get_node(id).map(|n| n.kind_name()).unwrap_or("");
+    let node_kind = ast.get_node(id).map(|n| n.kind()).unwrap_or("");
 
     for rule in index.rules_for_kind(node_kind) {
         if let Some(captures) = rule.try_match(ast, id)? {

shared/yeast/src/visitor.rs

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ impl Visitor {
 
     pub fn build_with_schema(self, schema: crate::schema::Schema) -> Ast {
         Ast {
-            root: Id(0),
+            root: 0,
             schema,
             nodes: self.nodes.into_iter().map(|n| n.inner).collect(),
             source: Vec::new(),
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ impl Visitor {
             },
             parent: self.current,
         });
-        Id(id)
+        id
     }
 
     fn enter_node(&mut self, node: tree_sitter::Node<'_>) -> bool {
@@ -83,10 +83,10 @@ impl Visitor {
 
     fn leave_node(&mut self, field_name: Option<&'static str>, _node: tree_sitter::Node<'_>) {
         let node_id = self.current.unwrap();
-        let node_parent = self.nodes[node_id.0].parent;
+        let node_parent = self.nodes[node_id].parent;
 
         if let Some(parent_id) = node_parent {
-            let parent = self.nodes.get_mut(parent_id.0).unwrap();
+            let parent = self.nodes.get_mut(parent_id).unwrap();
             if let Some(field) = field_name {
                 let field_id = self.language.field_id_for_name(field).unwrap().get();
                 parent

shared/yeast/tests/test.rs

@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ fn test_query_skips_extras_in_positional_match() {
     let mut cursor = AstCursor::new(&ast);
     cursor.goto_first_child();
     let array_id = cursor.node_id();
-    assert_eq!(ast.get_node(array_id).unwrap().kind_name(), "array");
+    assert_eq!(ast.get_node(array_id).unwrap().kind(), "array");
 
     // Two positional wildcards should bind to the two integers, skipping
     // the comment that sits between them.
@@ -309,15 +309,11 @@ fn test_query_skips_extras_in_positional_match() {
     let matched = query.do_match(&ast, array_id, &mut captures).unwrap();
     assert!(matched);
     assert_eq!(
-        ast.get_node(captures.get_var("a").unwrap())
-            .unwrap()
-            .kind_name(),
+        ast.get_node(captures.get_var("a").unwrap()).unwrap().kind(),
         "integer"
     );
     assert_eq!(
-        ast.get_node(captures.get_var("b").unwrap())
-            .unwrap()
-            .kind_name(),
+        ast.get_node(captures.get_var("b").unwrap()).unwrap().kind(),
         "integer"
     );
 }
@@ -395,7 +391,7 @@ fn test_capture_unnamed_node_parenthesized() {
     assert!(matched);
     let op_id = captures.get_var("op").unwrap();
     let op_node = ast.get_node(op_id).unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(op_node.kind_name(), "=");
+    assert_eq!(op_node.kind(), "=");
     assert!(!op_node.is_named());
 }
 
@@ -418,7 +414,7 @@ fn test_capture_bare_underscore_repeated() {
 
     let all = captures.get_all("all");
     assert_eq!(all.len(), 1);
-    assert_eq!(ast.get_node(all[0]).unwrap().kind_name(), "=");
+    assert_eq!(ast.get_node(all[0]).unwrap().kind(), "=");
     assert!(!ast.get_node(all[0]).unwrap().is_named());
 }
 
@@ -445,7 +441,7 @@ fn test_capture_unnamed_node_bare_literal() {
     assert!(matched);
     let op_id = captures.get_var("op").unwrap();
     let op_node = ast.get_node(op_id).unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(op_node.kind_name(), "=");
+    assert_eq!(op_node.kind(), "=");
     assert!(!op_node.is_named());
 }
 
@@ -483,7 +479,7 @@ fn test_bare_underscore_matches_unnamed() {
         .unwrap();
     assert!(matched, "_ should match the unnamed `=`");
     let any_node = ast.get_node(captures.get_var("any").unwrap()).unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(any_node.kind_name(), "=");
+    assert_eq!(any_node.kind(), "=");
     assert!(!any_node.is_named());
 }
 
@@ -510,7 +506,7 @@ fn test_bare_forms_in_field_position() {
     assert_eq!(
         ast.get_node(captures.get_var("lhs").unwrap())
             .unwrap()
-            .kind_name(),
+            .kind(),
         "identifier"
     );
 
@@ -520,7 +516,7 @@ fn test_bare_forms_in_field_position() {
     let matched = query.do_match(&ast, assignment_id, &mut captures).unwrap();
     assert!(matched);
     let op = ast.get_node(captures.get_var("op").unwrap()).unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(op.kind_name(), "=");
+    assert_eq!(op.kind(), "=");
     assert!(!op.is_named());
 }
 
@@ -539,7 +535,7 @@ fn test_forward_scan_finds_unnamed_token_late() {
     let mut cursor = AstCursor::new(&ast);
     cursor.goto_first_child(); // for
     cursor.goto_first_child(); // do (the body)
-    while cursor.node().kind_name() != "do" || !cursor.node().is_named() {
+    while cursor.node().kind() != "do" || !cursor.node().is_named() {
         assert!(cursor.goto_next_sibling(), "expected to find named `do`");
     }
     let do_id = cursor.node_id();
@@ -549,7 +545,7 @@ fn test_forward_scan_finds_unnamed_token_late() {
     let matched = query.do_match(&ast, do_id, &mut captures).unwrap();
     assert!(matched, "forward-scan should find the `end` keyword");
     let kw = ast.get_node(captures.get_var("kw").unwrap()).unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(kw.kind_name(), "end");
+    assert_eq!(kw.kind(), "end");
     assert!(!kw.is_named());
 }
 
@@ -565,7 +561,7 @@ fn test_forward_scan_preserves_order() {
     let mut cursor = AstCursor::new(&ast);
     cursor.goto_first_child();
     cursor.goto_first_child();
-    while cursor.node().kind_name() != "do" || !cursor.node().is_named() {
+    while cursor.node().kind() != "do" || !cursor.node().is_named() {
         assert!(cursor.goto_next_sibling(), "expected to find named `do`");
     }
     let do_id = cursor.node_id();
@@ -639,7 +635,7 @@ fn ruby_rules() -> Vec<Rule> {
             left: (identifier $tmp)
             right: {right}
         )
-        {left.iter().enumerate().map(|(i, &lhs)|
+        {..left.iter().enumerate().map(|(i, &lhs)|
             yeast::tree!(
                 (assignment
                     left: {lhs}
@@ -671,7 +667,7 @@ fn ruby_rules() -> Vec<Rule> {
                         left: {pat}
                         right: (identifier $tmp)
                     )
-                    stmt: {body}
+                    stmt: {..body}
                 )
             )
         )
@@ -907,7 +903,7 @@ fn one_shot_xeq1_rules() -> Vec<Rule> {
         yeast::rule!(
             (program (_)* @stmts)
             =>
-            (program stmt: {stmts})
+            (program stmt: {..stmts})
         ),
         yeast::rule!(
             (assignment left: (_) @left right: (_) @right)
@@ -983,7 +979,7 @@ fn test_one_shot_recurses_into_returned_capture() {
         yeast::rule!(
             (program (_)* @stmts)
             =>
-            (program stmt: {stmts})
+            (program stmt: {..stmts})
         ),
         // Returns the captured `left` verbatim, discarding `right`.
         yeast::rule!(
@@ -1025,7 +1021,7 @@ fn test_one_shot_does_not_recurse_into_wrapper_output() {
         yeast::rule!(
             (program (_)* @stmts)
             =>
-            (program stmt: {stmts})
+            (program stmt: {..stmts})
         ),
         // Wraps `left` in nested `first_node`/`second_node` output kinds.
         // Neither wrapper kind has a matching rule, so a buggy implementation
@@ -1062,111 +1058,6 @@ fn test_one_shot_does_not_recurse_into_wrapper_output() {
     );
 }
 
-/// Verify that `@@name` capture markers skip the auto-translate prefix:
-/// the body sees the *raw* (input-schema) `Id` and can read its
-/// source text or call `ctx.translate(...)` explicitly. Compare with
-/// the bare `@name` form, where the auto-translate prefix runs the
-/// same translation up front and the body sees the post-translate id.
-#[test]
-fn test_raw_capture_marker() {
-    let lang: tree_sitter::Language = tree_sitter_ruby::LANGUAGE.into();
-    let schema =
-        yeast::node_types_yaml::schema_from_yaml_with_language(OUTPUT_SCHEMA_YAML, &lang).unwrap();
-    let rules: Vec<Rule> = vec![
-        yeast::rule!(
-            (program (_)* @stmts)
-            =>
-            (program stmt: {stmts})
-        ),
-        // `@@raw_lhs` is untranslated: the body reads its source text
-        // ("x") and embeds it directly as the identifier content. `@rhs`
-        // is auto-translated (rhs already points to (integer "INT")).
-        yeast::rule!(
-            (assignment left: (_) @@raw_lhs right: (_) @rhs)
-            =>
-            {
-                let text = ctx.ast.source_text(raw_lhs);
-                tree!((call
-                    method: (identifier #{text.as_str()})
-                    receiver: {rhs}))
-            }
-        ),
-        yeast::rule!((identifier) => (identifier "ID")),
-        yeast::rule!((integer) => (integer "INT")),
-    ];
-    let phases = vec![Phase::new("translate", PhaseKind::OneShot, rules)];
-    let runner: Runner = Runner::with_schema(lang, &schema, &phases);
-
-    let input = "x = 1";
-    let ast = runner.run(input).unwrap();
-    let dump = dump_ast(&ast, ast.get_root(), input);
-    // `method:` uses the raw source text ("x"); if `@@` were broken and
-    // auto-translation ran on `raw_lhs`, it would still produce the
-    // string "x" (source_text inherits the input range), so the dump
-    // wouldn't change here. The companion test
-    // `test_raw_capture_marker_explicit_translate` exercises the
-    // stronger property that `ctx.translate(raw_lhs)?` succeeds and
-    // produces the translated `(identifier "ID")`.
-    assert_dump_eq(
-        &dump,
-        r#"
-        program
-          stmt:
-            call
-              method: identifier "x"
-              receiver: integer "INT"
-    "#,
-    );
-}
-
-/// Companion to `test_raw_capture_marker`: confirms that calling
-/// `ctx.translate(raw)` on a `@@`-captured `Id` from the rule body
-/// produces the correctly-translated output-schema node. With `@`, the
-/// translation has already happened, so `ctx.translate(...)` inside the
-/// body would attempt to re-translate an output node (which has no
-/// matching rule and would error).
-#[test]
-fn test_raw_capture_marker_explicit_translate() {
-    let lang: tree_sitter::Language = tree_sitter_ruby::LANGUAGE.into();
-    let schema =
-        yeast::node_types_yaml::schema_from_yaml_with_language(OUTPUT_SCHEMA_YAML, &lang).unwrap();
-    let rules: Vec<Rule> = vec![
-        yeast::rule!(
-            (program (_)* @stmts)
-            =>
-            (program stmt: {stmts})
-        ),
-        yeast::rule!(
-            (assignment left: (_) @@raw_lhs right: (_) @rhs)
-            =>
-            {
-                let translated_lhs = ctx.translate(raw_lhs)?;
-                tree!((call
-                    method: {translated_lhs}
-                    receiver: {rhs}))
-            }
-        ),
-        yeast::rule!((identifier) => (identifier "ID")),
-        yeast::rule!((integer) => (integer "INT")),
-    ];
-    let phases = vec![Phase::new("translate", PhaseKind::OneShot, rules)];
-    let runner: Runner = Runner::with_schema(lang, &schema, &phases);
-
-    let input = "x = 1";
-    let ast = runner.run(input).unwrap();
-    let dump = dump_ast(&ast, ast.get_root(), input);
-    assert_dump_eq(
-        &dump,
-        r#"
-        program
-          stmt:
-            call
-              method: identifier "ID"
-              receiver: integer "INT"
-    "#,
-    );
-}
-
 // ---- Cursor tests ----
 
 #[test]
@@ -1176,11 +1067,11 @@ fn test_cursor_navigation() {
     let mut cursor = AstCursor::new(&ast);
 
     // Start at root
-    assert_eq!(cursor.node().kind_name(), "program");
+    assert_eq!(cursor.node().kind(), "program");
 
     // Go to first child (assignment)
     assert!(cursor.goto_first_child());
-    assert_eq!(cursor.node().kind_name(), "assignment");
+    assert_eq!(cursor.node().kind(), "assignment");
 
     // No sibling
     assert!(!cursor.goto_next_sibling());
@@ -1191,10 +1082,10 @@ fn test_cursor_navigation() {
 
     // Go back up
     assert!(cursor.goto_parent());
-    assert_eq!(cursor.node().kind_name(), "assignment");
+    assert_eq!(cursor.node().kind(), "assignment");
 
     assert!(cursor.goto_parent());
-    assert_eq!(cursor.node().kind_name(), "program");
+    assert_eq!(cursor.node().kind(), "program");
 
     // Can't go further up
     assert!(!cursor.goto_parent());
@@ -1239,8 +1130,10 @@ fn test_desugar_for_with_multiple_assignment() {
 }
 
 /// Regression test: `#{capture}` in a template must render the *source text*
-/// of the captured node, not its arena `Id`. Captures are bound as `Id`,
-/// whose `YeastDisplay` impl resolves to the captured node's source text.
+/// of the captured node, not its arena `Id`. Previously, captures were bound
+/// as `usize`, so `#{cap}` printed the integer id (e.g. `"3"`) via `Display`.
+/// Captures are now bound as `NodeRef`, which has no `Display` impl and
+/// resolves to the captured node's source text via `YeastDisplay`.
 #[test]
 fn test_hash_brace_renders_capture_source_text() {
     let rule: Rule = rule!(
@@ -1268,7 +1161,7 @@ fn test_hash_brace_renders_capture_source_text() {
     );
 }
 
-/// Regression test: non-`Id` values in `#{expr}` still render via their
+/// Regression test: non-`NodeRef` values in `#{expr}` still render via their
 /// `Display` impl (covered by `YeastDisplay`'s blanket impls for primitives).
 #[test]
 fn test_hash_brace_renders_integer_expression() {
@@ -1306,12 +1199,12 @@ fn test_hash_brace_uses_capture_location_for_leaf() {
 
     let ast = run_and_ast("foo.bar()", vec![rule]);
 
-    let mut bar_ids: Vec<yeast::Id> = Vec::new();
+    let mut bar_ids: Vec<usize> = Vec::new();
     for id in ast.reachable_node_ids() {
         let Some(node) = ast.get_node(id) else {
             continue;
         };
-        if node.kind_name() == "identifier" && ast.source_text(id) == "bar" {
+        if node.kind() == "identifier" && ast.source_text(id) == "bar" {
             bar_ids.push(id);
         }
     }

unified/extractor/ast_types.yml

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ supertypes:
     - name_pattern
     - tuple_pattern
     - constructor_pattern
+    - or_pattern
     - ignore_pattern
     - expr_equality_pattern
     - bulk_importing_pattern
@@ -359,12 +360,12 @@ named:
     case*: switch_case
 
   # A single `case ...:` (or `default:`) entry in a switch.
-  # An entry with multiple `case p1, p2:` patterns has multiple `pattern`s.
-  # A `default:` entry has no patterns.
+  # An entry with multiple `case p1, p2:` patterns uses an `or_pattern`.
+  # A `default:` entry has no pattern.
   # An optional `guard` corresponds to a `where`-clause on the case.
   switch_case:
     modifier*: modifier
-    pattern*: pattern
+    pattern?: pattern
     guard?: expr
     body: block
 
@@ -421,6 +422,11 @@ named:
     constructor: expr_or_type
     element*: pattern_element
 
+  # A disjunction pattern that matches if any of its sub-patterns match.
+  or_pattern:
+    modifier*: modifier
+    pattern*: pattern
+
   # A pattern with an optional associated name.
   pattern_element:
     modifier*: modifier

unified/extractor/src/languages/swift/swift.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use codeql_extractor::extractor::simple;
-use yeast::{ConcreteDesugarer, DesugaringConfig, PhaseKind, Rule, rule, tree};
+use yeast::{ConcreteDesugarer, DesugaringConfig, PhaseKind, Rule, manual_rule, rule, tree};
 
 /// User context propagated from outer rules down to the inner rules that
 /// emit the corresponding output declarations, so that each emitted node
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ struct SwiftContext {
 /// Build a freshly-created `chained_declaration` modifier node if
 /// `ctx.is_chained`, else `None`. Used by inner declaration rules to
 /// emit the chained tag for non-first children of a flattening outer
-/// rule. Returns `Option<Id>` so it splices via `{…}` to 0 or 1 ids.
+/// rule. Returns `Option<Id>` so it splices via `{..…}` to 0 or 1 ids.
 fn chained_modifier(ctx: &mut yeast::build::BuildCtx<'_, SwiftContext>) -> Option<yeast::Id> {
     if ctx.is_chained {
         Some(ctx.literal("modifier", "chained_declaration"))
@@ -63,10 +63,10 @@ fn chained_modifier(ctx: &mut yeast::build::BuildCtx<'_, SwiftContext>) -> Optio
 /// condition.
 fn and_chain(
     ctx: &mut yeast::build::BuildCtx<'_, SwiftContext>,
-    conds: Vec<yeast::Id>,
+    conds: Vec<yeast::NodeRef>,
 ) -> yeast::Id {
-    conds
-        .into_iter()
+    conds.into_iter()
+        .map(yeast::Id::from)
         .reduce(|acc, elem| {
             tree!((binary_expr operator: (infix_operator "&&") left: {acc} right: {elem}))
         })
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ fn and_chain(
 /// guarantees at least one part.
 fn member_chain(
     ctx: &mut yeast::build::BuildCtx<'_, SwiftContext>,
-    parts: Vec<yeast::Id>,
+    parts: Vec<yeast::NodeRef>,
 ) -> yeast::Id {
     let mut iter = parts.into_iter();
     let first = iter
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             (source_file statement: _* @children)
             =>
             (top_level
-                body: (block stmt: {children})
+                body: (block stmt: {..children})
             )
         ),
         // Declarations may be wrapped in local/global wrapper nodes.
@@ -144,12 +144,12 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
         rule!(
             (operator_declaration "prefix" (referenceable_operator _ @op) (simple_identifier)? @prec)
             =>
-            (operator_syntax_declaration name: (identifier #{op}) fixity: (fixity "prefix") precedence: {prec})
+            (operator_syntax_declaration name: (identifier #{op}) fixity: (fixity "prefix") precedence: {..prec})
         ),
         rule!(
             (operator_declaration "postfix" (referenceable_operator _ @op) (simple_identifier)? @prec)
             =>
-            (operator_syntax_declaration name: (identifier #{op}) fixity: (fixity "postfix") precedence: {prec})
+            (operator_syntax_declaration name: (identifier #{op}) fixity: (fixity "postfix") precedence: {..prec})
         ),
         rule!(
             (operator_declaration "infix" (referenceable_operator _ @op) (simple_identifier)? @prec)
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             (operator_syntax_declaration
                 name: (identifier #{op})
                 fixity: (fixity "infix")
-                precedence: {prec})
+                precedence: {..prec})
         ),
         rule!((bitwise_operation lhs: @l op: @op rhs: @r) => (binary_expr left: {l} operator: (infix_operator #{op}) right: {r})),
         rule!((nil_coalescing_expression value: @l if_nil: @r) => (binary_expr left: {l} operator: (infix_operator "??") right: {r})),
@@ -170,9 +170,9 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
         rule!((postfix_expression operation: @op target: @operand) => (unary_expr operator: (postfix_operator #{op}) operand: {operand})),
         // TODO: Parenthesised single-value tuple is a grouping expression and should pass through.
         // Multi-value tuples become tuple_expr.
-        rule!((tuple_expression value: _* @v) => (tuple_expr element: {v})),
+        rule!((tuple_expression value: _* @v) => (tuple_expr element: {..v})),
         // Blocks contain statement* directly.
-        rule!((block statement: _+ @stmts) => (block stmt: {stmts})),
+        rule!((block statement: _+ @stmts) => (block stmt: {..stmts})),
         rule!((block) => (block)),
         // ---- Variables ----
         // property_binding rules — these produce variable_declaration and/or accessor_declaration
@@ -192,15 +192,21 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
         // this whole property_binding is itself a non-first declarator
         // of a containing property_declaration); subsequent accessors
         // always emit `chained_declaration`.
-        rule!(
+        manual_rule!(
             (property_binding
                 name: @pattern
                 type: _? @ty
-                computed_value: (computed_property accessor: _+ @@accessors))
-            =>
-            {{
-                ctx.property_name = Some(tree!((identifier #{pattern})));
-                ctx.property_type = ty;
+                computed_value: (computed_property accessor: _+ @accessors))
+            {
+                // Translate `ty` first so the context holds an
+                // output-schema node id.
+                let translated_ty = ctx.translate_opt(ty)?;
+                // Build the property-name identifier from the
+                // (untranslated) pattern leaf.
+                let name_id = tree!((identifier #{pattern}));
+
+                ctx.property_name = Some(name_id);
+                ctx.property_type = translated_ty;
 
                 let mut result = Vec::new();
                 for (i, acc) in accessors.into_iter().enumerate() {
@@ -209,8 +215,8 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
                     }
                     result.extend(ctx.translate(acc)?);
                 }
-                result
-            }}
+                Ok(result)
+            }
         ),
         // Computed property: shorthand getter (no explicit get/set, just
         // statements) → a single accessor_declaration with kind "get".
@@ -223,13 +229,13 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
                 computed_value: (computed_property statement: _* @body))
             =>
             (accessor_declaration
-                modifier: {ctx.binding_modifier}
-                modifier: {ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
-                modifier: {chained_modifier(&mut ctx)}
+                modifier: {..ctx.binding_modifier}
+                modifier: {..ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
+                modifier: {..chained_modifier(&mut ctx)}
                 name: (identifier #{name})
-                type: {ty}
+                type: {..ty}
                 accessor_kind: (accessor_kind "get")
-                body: (block stmt: {body}))
+                body: (block stmt: {..body}))
         ),
         // Stored property with willSet/didSet observers (initializer
         // optional) → a `variable_declaration` followed by one
@@ -242,22 +248,26 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
         // The `variable_declaration` itself inherits the outer rule's
         // chained state; observers always get `chained_declaration`
         // because they're subsequent outputs of this flattening rule.
-        rule!(
+        manual_rule!(
             (property_binding
                 name: (pattern bound_identifier: @name)
                 type: _? @ty
                 value: _? @val
-                observers: (willset_didset_block willset: _? @@ws didset: _? @@ds))
-            =>
-            {{
+                observers: (willset_didset_block willset: _? @ws didset: _? @ds))
+            {
+                // Translate ty and val so the variable_declaration
+                // below contains output-schema nodes.
+                let translated_ty = ctx.translate_opt(ty)?;
+                let translated_val = ctx.translate_opt(val)?;
+
                 let var_decl = tree!(
                     (variable_declaration
-                        modifier: {ctx.binding_modifier}
-                        modifier: {ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
-                        modifier: {chained_modifier(&mut ctx)}
+                        modifier: {..ctx.binding_modifier}
+                        modifier: {..ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
+                        modifier: {..chained_modifier(&mut ctx)}
                         pattern: (name_pattern identifier: (identifier #{name}))
-                        type: {ty}
-                        value: {val})
+                        type: {..translated_ty}
+                        value: {..translated_val})
                 );
 
                 // Publish the property name for the observer rules.
@@ -270,8 +280,8 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
                 for obs in ws.into_iter().chain(ds) {
                     result.extend(ctx.translate(obs)?);
                 }
-                result
-            }}
+                Ok(result)
+            }
         ),
         // property_binding with any pattern name (identifier or
         // destructuring). Reads outer modifiers / chained tag from `ctx`.
@@ -282,12 +292,12 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
                 value: _? @val)
             =>
             (variable_declaration
-                modifier: {ctx.binding_modifier}
-                modifier: {ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
-                modifier: {chained_modifier(&mut ctx)}
+                modifier: {..ctx.binding_modifier}
+                modifier: {..ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
+                modifier: {..chained_modifier(&mut ctx)}
                 pattern: {pattern}
-                type: {ty}
-                value: {val})
+                type: {..ty}
+                value: {..val})
         ),
         // property_declaration: flatten declarators (each may translate
         // to multiple nodes — variable_declaration and/or
@@ -299,24 +309,27 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
         // inner declaration rules (`property_binding` variants,
         // accessor inner rules) read these fields and emit complete
         // `modifier:` lists from the start.
-        rule!(
+        manual_rule!(
             (property_declaration
-                binding: (value_binding_pattern mutability: @@binding_kind)
-                declarator: _* @@decls
+                binding: (value_binding_pattern mutability: @binding_kind)
+                declarator: _* @decls
                 (modifiers)* @mods)
-            =>
-            {{
-                let binding_text = ctx.ast.source_text(binding_kind);
+            {
+                let binding_text = ctx.ast.source_text(binding_kind.0);
                 ctx.binding_modifier = Some(ctx.literal("modifier", &binding_text));
-                ctx.outer_modifiers = mods;
+                let mut modifiers = Vec::new();
+                for m in mods {
+                    modifiers.extend(ctx.translate(m)?);
+                }
+                ctx.outer_modifiers = modifiers;
 
                 let mut result = Vec::new();
                 for (i, decl) in decls.into_iter().enumerate() {
                     ctx.is_chained = i > 0;
                     result.extend(ctx.translate(decl)?);
                 }
-                result
-            }}
+                Ok(result)
+            }
         ),
         // ---- Enums ----
         // enum_type_parameter → parameter (with optional name as pattern).
@@ -342,19 +355,19 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
                 data_contents: (enum_type_parameters parameter: _* @params))
             =>
             (class_like_declaration
-                modifier: {ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
-                modifier: {chained_modifier(&mut ctx)}
+                modifier: {..ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
+                modifier: {..chained_modifier(&mut ctx)}
                 modifier: (modifier "enum_case")
                 name: (identifier #{name})
-                member: (constructor_declaration parameter: {params} body: (block)))
+                member: (constructor_declaration parameter: {..params} body: (block)))
         ),
         // enum_case_entry with explicit raw value → variable_declaration with that value.
         rule!(
             (enum_case_entry name: @name raw_value: @val)
             =>
             (variable_declaration
-                modifier: {ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
-                modifier: {chained_modifier(&mut ctx)}
+                modifier: {..ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
+                modifier: {..chained_modifier(&mut ctx)}
                 modifier: (modifier "enum_case")
                 pattern: (name_pattern identifier: (identifier #{name}))
                 value: {val})
@@ -364,8 +377,8 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             (enum_case_entry name: @name)
             =>
             (variable_declaration
-                modifier: {ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
-                modifier: {chained_modifier(&mut ctx)}
+                modifier: {..ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
+                modifier: {..chained_modifier(&mut ctx)}
                 modifier: (modifier "enum_case")
                 pattern: (name_pattern identifier: (identifier #{name})))
         ),
@@ -373,19 +386,22 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
         // into `ctx` and translate each case with `ctx.is_chained`
         // toggled per iteration so the inner `enum_case_entry` rules
         // emit complete `modifier:` lists from the start.
-        rule!(
-            (enum_entry case: _+ @@cases (modifiers)* @mods)
-            =>
-            {{
-                ctx.outer_modifiers = mods;
+        manual_rule!(
+            (enum_entry case: _+ @cases (modifiers)* @mods)
+            {
+                let mut modifiers = Vec::new();
+                for m in mods {
+                    modifiers.extend(ctx.translate(m)?);
+                }
+                ctx.outer_modifiers = modifiers;
 
                 let mut result = Vec::new();
                 for (i, case) in cases.into_iter().enumerate() {
                     ctx.is_chained = i > 0;
                     result.extend(ctx.translate(case)?);
                 }
-                result
-            }}
+                Ok(result)
+            }
         ),
         // Plain assignment: `x = expr`
         rule!(
@@ -418,7 +434,7 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             =>
             (constructor_pattern
                 constructor: (member_access_expr base: {typ} member: (identifier #{name}))
-                element: {items})
+                element: {..items})
         ),
         // case .foo(x,y) pattern
         rule!(
@@ -426,10 +442,10 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             =>
             (constructor_pattern
                 constructor: (member_access_expr base: (inferred_type_expr #{dot}) member: (identifier #{name}))
-                element: {items})
+                element: {..items})
         ),
         // Tuple pattern and its (optionally named) items
-        rule!((pattern kind: (tuple_pattern item: _* @elems)) => (tuple_pattern element: {elems})),
+        rule!((pattern kind: (tuple_pattern item: _* @elems)) => (tuple_pattern element: {..elems})),
         rule!((tuple_pattern_item name: @key pattern: @pat) => (pattern_element key: (identifier #{key}) pattern: {pat})),
         rule!((tuple_pattern_item pattern: @pat) => (pattern_element pattern: {pat})),
         // Type casting pattern (TODO)
@@ -452,21 +468,20 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             =>
             (function_declaration
                 name: (identifier #{name})
-                parameter: {params}
-                return_type: {ret}
-                body: (block stmt: {body_stmts}))
+                parameter: {..params}
+                return_type: {..ret}
+                body: (block stmt: {..body_stmts}))
         ),
         // Parameters are wrapped in function_parameter, which also carries
         // optional default values. Publishes the default value into `ctx`
         // before translating the inner `parameter` so the `parameter`
         // rules can include it as a `default:` field directly.
-        rule!(
-            (function_parameter parameter: @@p default_value: _? @def)
-            =>
-            {{
-                ctx.default_value = def;
-                ctx.translate(p)?
-            }}
+        manual_rule!(
+            (function_parameter parameter: @p default_value: _? @def)
+            {
+                ctx.default_value = ctx.translate_opt(def)?;
+                ctx.translate(p)
+            }
         ),
         // Parameter with external name and type
         rule!(
@@ -475,7 +490,7 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             (parameter
                 external_name: (identifier #{ext})
                 pattern: (name_pattern identifier: (identifier #{name}))
-                default: {ctx.default_value})
+                default: {..ctx.default_value})
         ),
         rule!(
             (parameter external_name: @ext name: @name type: @ty)
@@ -484,7 +499,7 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
                 external_name: (identifier #{ext})
                 pattern: (name_pattern identifier: (identifier #{name}))
                 type: {ty}
-                default: {ctx.default_value})
+                default: {..ctx.default_value})
         ),
         // Parameter with just name and type (no external name)
         rule!(
@@ -492,7 +507,7 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             =>
             (parameter
                 pattern: (name_pattern identifier: (identifier #{name}))
-                default: {ctx.default_value})
+                default: {..ctx.default_value})
         ),
         rule!(
             (parameter name: @name type: @ty)
@@ -500,7 +515,7 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             (parameter
                 pattern: (name_pattern identifier: (identifier #{name}))
                 type: {ty}
-                default: {ctx.default_value})
+                default: {..ctx.default_value})
         ),
         // Reference to a function, f(x:y:z:). This is parsed as a call with a single argument with multiple reference_specifier labels.
         // We don't want downstream QL to try to handle this as a call_expr with a weird argument, so explicitly mark it as unsupported for now.
@@ -514,7 +529,7 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
         rule!(
             (call_expression function: @func suffix: (call_suffix arguments: (value_arguments argument: (value_argument)* @args)))
             =>
-            (call_expr callee: {func} argument: {args})
+            (call_expr callee: {func} argument: {..args})
         ),
         // Value argument with label (value: _ matches both named nodes and anonymous tokens like nil)
         rule!(
@@ -537,7 +552,7 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
         // Return / break / continue, one rule per keyword.
         // The anonymous "return"/"break"/"continue" keywords are matched as
         // string literals.
-        rule!((control_transfer_statement kind: "return" result: _? @val) => (return_expr value: {val})),
+        rule!((control_transfer_statement kind: "return" result: _? @val) => (return_expr value: {..val})),
         rule!((control_transfer_statement kind: "break" result: @lbl) => (break_expr label: (identifier #{lbl}))),
         rule!((control_transfer_statement kind: "break") => (break_expr)),
         rule!((control_transfer_statement kind: "continue" result: @lbl) => (continue_expr label: (identifier #{lbl}))),
@@ -556,20 +571,20 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
                 statement: _* @body)
             =>
             (function_expr
-                modifier: {attrs}
-                capture_declaration: {captures}
-                parameter: {params}
-                return_type: {ret}
-                body: (block stmt: {body}))
+                modifier: {..attrs}
+                capture_declaration: {..captures}
+                parameter: {..params}
+                return_type: {..ret}
+                body: (block stmt: {..body}))
         ),
         // capture_list_item with ownership modifier (e.g. [weak self], [unowned x])
         rule!(
             (capture_list_item ownership: _? @ownership name: @name value: _? @val)
             =>
             (variable_declaration
-                modifier: {ownership}
+                modifier: {..ownership}
                 pattern: (name_pattern identifier: (identifier #{name}))
-                value: {val})
+                value: {..val})
         ),
         // Lambda parameter with type and optional external name
         rule!(
@@ -615,7 +630,7 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             (if_expr
                 condition: {and_chain(&mut ctx, cond)}
                 then: {then_body}
-                else: {else_stmts})
+                else: {..else_stmts})
         ),
         // Guard statement
         rule!(
@@ -623,7 +638,7 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             =>
             (guard_if_stmt
                 condition: {and_chain(&mut ctx, cond)}
-                else: (block stmt: {else_stmts}))
+                else: (block stmt: {..else_stmts}))
         ),
         // Ternary expression → if_expr
         rule!(
@@ -635,27 +650,36 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
         rule!(
             (switch_statement expr: @val entry: (switch_entry)* @cases)
             =>
-            (switch_expr value: {val} case: {cases})
+            (switch_expr value: {val} case: {..cases})
         ),
-        // Switch entry with patterns and body
+        // Switch entry with multiple patterns and body
         rule!(
-            (switch_entry pattern: (switch_pattern pattern: @pats)* statement: _* @body)
+            (switch_entry
+                pattern: (switch_pattern pattern: @first)
+                pattern: (switch_pattern pattern: @rest)+
+                statement: _* @body)
             =>
-            (switch_case pattern: {pats} body: (block stmt: {body}))
+            (switch_case pattern: (or_pattern pattern: {first} pattern: {..rest}) body: (block stmt: {..body}))
+        ),
+        // Switch entry with exactly one pattern and body
+        rule!(
+            (switch_entry pattern: (switch_pattern pattern: @pat) statement: _* @body)
+            =>
+            (switch_case pattern: {pat} body: (block stmt: {..body}))
         ),
         // Switch entry: default case (no patterns)
         rule!(
             (switch_entry default: (default_keyword) statement: _* @body)
             =>
-            (switch_case body: (block stmt: {body}))
+            (switch_case body: (block stmt: {..body}))
         ),
-        // if case let x = expr — the pattern is taken as-is (no Optional wrapping)
+        // if case PATTERN = expr — preserve the pattern directly (no Optional wrapping)
         rule!(
-            (if_let_binding "case" (value_binding_pattern) bound_identifier: @name _ @val)
+            (if_let_binding "case" pattern: @pat value: @val)
             =>
             (pattern_guard_expr
                 value: {val}
-                pattern: (name_pattern identifier: (identifier #{name})))
+                pattern: {pat})
         ),
         rule!(
             (if_let_binding
@@ -693,8 +717,8 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             (for_each_stmt
                 pattern: {pat}
                 iterable: {iter}
-                guard: {guard}
-                body: (block stmt: {body}))
+                guard: {..guard}
+                body: (block stmt: {..body}))
         ),
         // While loop
         rule!(
@@ -702,7 +726,7 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             =>
             (while_stmt
                 condition: {and_chain(&mut ctx, cond)}
-                body: (block stmt: {body}))
+                body: (block stmt: {..body}))
         ),
         // Repeat-while loop
         rule!(
@@ -710,28 +734,28 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             =>
             (do_while_stmt
                 condition: {and_chain(&mut ctx, cond)}
-                body: (block stmt: {body}))
+                body: (block stmt: {..body}))
         ),
         // Labeled statement (e.g. `outer: for ...`). Strip the trailing ':' from the label token.
         rule!((labeled_statement label: (statement_label) @lbl statement: @stmt) => {
-            let text = ctx.ast.source_text(lbl);
+            let text = ctx.ast.source_text(lbl.into());
             let name = &text[..text.len() - 1];
             tree!((labeled_stmt label: (identifier #{name}) stmt: {stmt}))
         }),
         // ---- Collections ----
         // Array literal
-        rule!((array_literal element: _* @elems) => (array_literal element: {elems})),
+        rule!((array_literal element: _* @elems) => (array_literal element: {..elems})),
         // Empty array literal
         rule!((array_literal) => (array_literal)),
         // Dictionary literal — zip keys and values into key_value_pairs
         rule!(
             (dictionary_literal key: _* @keys value: _* @vals)
             =>
-            (map_literal element: {keys.into_iter().zip(vals).map(|(k, v)|
+            (map_literal element: {..keys.into_iter().zip(vals).map(|(k, v)|
                 tree!((key_value_pair key: {k} value: {v}))
             )})
         ),
-        rule!((dictionary_literal element: _* @elems) => (map_literal element: {elems})),
+        rule!((dictionary_literal element: _* @elems) => (map_literal element: {..elems})),
         rule!((dictionary_literal_item key: @k value: @v) => (key_value_pair key: {k} value: {v})),
         // ---- Optionals and errors ----
         // Optional chaining — unwrap the marker
@@ -744,8 +768,8 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             (do_statement body: (block statement: _* @body) catch: (catch_block)* @catches)
             =>
             (try_expr
-                body: (block stmt: {body})
-                catch_clause: {catches})
+                body: (block stmt: {..body})
+                catch_clause: {..catches})
         ),
         // Catch block with bound identifier; optional where-clause guard.
         rule!(
@@ -757,14 +781,14 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             =>
             (catch_clause
                 pattern: {pattern}
-                guard: {guard}
-                body: (block stmt: {body}))
+                guard: {..guard}
+                body: (block stmt: {..body}))
         ),
         // Catch block without error binding
         rule!(
             (catch_block keyword: (catch_keyword) body: (block statement: _* @body))
             =>
-            (catch_clause body: (block stmt: {body}))
+            (catch_clause body: (block stmt: {..body}))
         ),
         // Empty catch block: catch {}
         rule!(
@@ -778,7 +802,7 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             =>
             (catch_clause
                 pattern: {pat}
-                body: (block stmt: {body}))
+                body: (block stmt: {..body}))
         ),
         // As expression (type cast) — as?, as!
         rule!((as_expression (as_operator) @op expr: @val type: @ty) => (type_cast_expr expr: {val} operator: (infix_operator #{op}) type: {ty})),
@@ -803,7 +827,7 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
                 pattern: (name_pattern identifier: (identifier #{parts.last().unwrap()}))
                 imported_expr: {name}
                 modifier: (modifier #{kind})
-                modifier: {mods})
+                modifier: {..mods})
         ),
         // Non-scoped import declaration (for example `import Foundation`):
         // flatten the identifier parts into a member_access_expr and use a
@@ -814,7 +838,7 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             (import_declaration
                 pattern: (bulk_importing_pattern)
                 imported_expr: {name}
-                modifier: {mods})
+                modifier: {..mods})
         ),
         // ---- Types and classes ----
         // Self expression → name_expr
@@ -822,7 +846,7 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
         // Super expression → super_expr
         rule!((super_expression) => (super_expr)),
         // Modifiers — unwrap to individual modifier children
-        rule!((modifiers _* @mods) => {mods}),
+        rule!((modifiers _* @mods) => {..mods}),
         rule!((attribute) @m => (modifier #{m})),
         rule!((visibility_modifier) @m => (modifier #{m})),
         rule!((function_modifier) @m => (modifier #{m})),
@@ -839,7 +863,7 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
         // Keep a conservative textual fallback to avoid dropping type information.
         rule!((user_type) @ty => (named_type_expr name: (identifier #{ty}))),
         // Tuple type → tuple_type_expr
-        rule!((tuple_type element: _* @elems) => (tuple_type_expr element: {elems})),
+        rule!((tuple_type element: _* @elems) => (tuple_type_expr element: {..elems})),
         rule!((tuple_type_item name: @name type: @ty) => (tuple_type_element name: (identifier #{name}) type: {ty})),
         rule!((tuple_type_item type: @ty) => (tuple_type_element type: {ty})),
         // Array type `[T]` → generic_type_expr with Array base
@@ -856,7 +880,7 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             base: (named_type_expr name: (identifier "Optional"))
             type_argument: {w})),
         // Function type `(Params) -> Ret` → function_type_expr.
-        rule!((function_type parameter: _* @ps return_type: @ret) => (function_type_expr parameter: {ps} return_type: {ret})),
+        rule!((function_type parameter: _* @ps return_type: @ret) => (function_type_expr parameter: {..ps} return_type: {ret})),
         rule!((function_type_parameter name: @name type: @ty) => (parameter external_name: (identifier #{name}) type: {ty})),
         rule!((function_type_parameter type: @ty) => (parameter type: {ty})),
         // Selector expression: `#selector(inner)` -- not yet supported
@@ -880,10 +904,10 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             =>
             (class_like_declaration
                 modifier: (modifier #{kind})
-                modifier: {mods}
+                modifier: {..mods}
                 name: (identifier #{name})
-                base_type: {bases}
-                member: {members})
+                base_type: {..bases}
+                member: {..members})
         ),
         // Enum class declaration: same as a regular class but with an enum body.
         rule!(
@@ -896,10 +920,10 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             =>
             (class_like_declaration
                 modifier: (modifier #{kind})
-                modifier: {mods}
+                modifier: {..mods}
                 name: (identifier #{name})
-                base_type: {bases}
-                member: {members})
+                base_type: {..bases}
+                member: {..members})
         ),
         // Class declaration with empty body
         rule!(
@@ -912,9 +936,9 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             =>
             (class_like_declaration
                 modifier: (modifier #{kind})
-                modifier: {mods}
+                modifier: {..mods}
                 name: (identifier #{name})
-                base_type: {bases})
+                base_type: {..bases})
         ),
         // Protocol declaration
         rule!(
@@ -926,10 +950,10 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             =>
             (class_like_declaration
                 modifier: (modifier "protocol")
-                modifier: {mods}
+                modifier: {..mods}
                 name: (identifier #{name})
-                base_type: {bases}
-                member: {members})
+                base_type: {..bases}
+                member: {..members})
         ),
         // Protocol function — return type and body statements both optional.
         rule!(
@@ -941,11 +965,11 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
                 (modifiers)* @mods)
             =>
             (function_declaration
-                modifier: {mods}
+                modifier: {..mods}
                 name: (identifier #{name})
-                parameter: {params}
-                return_type: {ret}
-                body: (block stmt: {body_stmts}))
+                parameter: {..params}
+                return_type: {..ret}
+                body: (block stmt: {..body_stmts}))
         ),
         // Init declaration → constructor_declaration. Body statements optional;
         // body itself is also optional (protocol requirement).
@@ -956,9 +980,9 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
                 (modifiers)* @mods)
             =>
             (constructor_declaration
-                modifier: {mods}
-                parameter: {params}
-                body: (block stmt: {body_stmts}))
+                modifier: {..mods}
+                parameter: {..params}
+                body: (block stmt: {..body_stmts}))
         ),
         // Deinit declaration → destructor_declaration. Body statements optional.
         rule!(
@@ -967,15 +991,15 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
                 (modifiers)* @mods)
             =>
             (destructor_declaration
-                modifier: {mods}
-                body: (block stmt: {body_stmts}))
+                modifier: {..mods}
+                body: (block stmt: {..body_stmts}))
         ),
         // Typealias declaration
         rule!(
             (typealias_declaration name: @name value: @val (modifiers)* @mods)
             =>
             (type_alias_declaration
-                modifier: {mods}
+                modifier: {..mods}
                 name: (identifier #{name})
                 r#type: {val})
         ),
@@ -990,9 +1014,9 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             (associatedtype_declaration name: @name inherits_from: _? @bound (modifiers)* @mods)
             =>
             (associated_type_declaration
-                modifier: {mods}
+                modifier: {..mods}
                 name: (identifier #{name})
-                bound: {bound})
+                bound: {..bound})
         ),
         // Protocol property declaration: translate each accessor
         // requirement to an `accessor_declaration` carrying the property
@@ -1002,25 +1026,28 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
         // inner `getter_specifier`/`setter_specifier` rules emit
         // complete nodes from the start (including the
         // `chained_declaration` tag for non-first accessors).
-        rule!(
+        manual_rule!(
             (protocol_property_declaration
                 name: (pattern bound_identifier: @name)
-                requirements: (protocol_property_requirements accessor: _+ @@accessors)
+                requirements: (protocol_property_requirements accessor: _+ @accessors)
                 type: _? @ty
                 (modifiers)* @mods)
-            =>
-            {{
+            {
                 ctx.property_name = Some(tree!((identifier #{name})));
-                ctx.property_type = ty;
-                ctx.outer_modifiers = mods;
+                ctx.property_type = ctx.translate_opt(ty)?;
+                let mut modifiers = Vec::new();
+                for m in mods {
+                    modifiers.extend(ctx.translate(m)?);
+                }
+                ctx.outer_modifiers = modifiers;
 
                 let mut result = Vec::new();
                 for (i, acc) in accessors.into_iter().enumerate() {
                     ctx.is_chained = i > 0;
                     result.extend(ctx.translate(acc)?);
                 }
-                result
-            }}
+                Ok(result)
+            }
         ),
         // getter_specifier / setter_specifier → bodyless accessor_declaration
         // getter_specifier / setter_specifier → bodyless
@@ -1031,23 +1058,23 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             =>
             (accessor_declaration
                 name: {ctx.property_name.ok_or("getter_specifier outside protocol_property_declaration context")?}
-                type: {ctx.property_type}
+                type: {..ctx.property_type}
                 accessor_kind: (accessor_kind "get")
-                modifier: {ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
-                modifier: {chained_modifier(&mut ctx)})
+                modifier: {..ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
+                modifier: {..chained_modifier(&mut ctx)})
         ),
         rule!(
             (setter_specifier)
             =>
             (accessor_declaration
                 name: {ctx.property_name.ok_or("setter_specifier outside protocol_property_declaration context")?}
-                type: {ctx.property_type}
+                type: {..ctx.property_type}
                 accessor_kind: (accessor_kind "set")
-                modifier: {ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
-                modifier: {chained_modifier(&mut ctx)})
+                modifier: {..ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
+                modifier: {..chained_modifier(&mut ctx)})
         ),
         // protocol_property_requirements wrapper — should be consumed by above; fallback
-        rule!((protocol_property_requirements accessor: _* @accs) => {accs}),
+        rule!((protocol_property_requirements accessor: _* @accs) => {..accs}),
         // Computed getter → accessor_declaration (body optional).
         // Reads property name/type from the outer property_binding rule
         // and binding/outer modifiers + chained tag from the outer
@@ -1056,58 +1083,58 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             (computed_getter body: (block statement: _* @body)?)
             =>
             (accessor_declaration
-                modifier: {ctx.binding_modifier}
-                modifier: {ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
-                modifier: {chained_modifier(&mut ctx)}
+                modifier: {..ctx.binding_modifier}
+                modifier: {..ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
+                modifier: {..chained_modifier(&mut ctx)}
                 name: {ctx.property_name.ok_or("computed_getter outside property_binding context")?}
-                type: {ctx.property_type}
+                type: {..ctx.property_type}
                 accessor_kind: (accessor_kind "get")
-                body: (block stmt: {body}))
+                body: (block stmt: {..body}))
         ),
         // Computed setter with explicit parameter name.
         rule!(
             (computed_setter parameter: @param body: (block statement: _* @body))
             =>
             (accessor_declaration
-                modifier: {ctx.binding_modifier}
-                modifier: {ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
-                modifier: {chained_modifier(&mut ctx)}
+                modifier: {..ctx.binding_modifier}
+                modifier: {..ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
+                modifier: {..chained_modifier(&mut ctx)}
                 name: {ctx.property_name.ok_or("computed_setter outside property_binding context")?}
-                type: {ctx.property_type}
+                type: {..ctx.property_type}
                 accessor_kind: (accessor_kind "set")
                 parameter: (parameter pattern: (name_pattern identifier: (identifier #{param})))
-                body: (block stmt: {body}))
+                body: (block stmt: {..body}))
         ),
         // Computed setter without explicit parameter name; body optional.
         rule!(
             (computed_setter body: (block statement: _* @body)?)
             =>
             (accessor_declaration
-                modifier: {ctx.binding_modifier}
-                modifier: {ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
-                modifier: {chained_modifier(&mut ctx)}
+                modifier: {..ctx.binding_modifier}
+                modifier: {..ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
+                modifier: {..chained_modifier(&mut ctx)}
                 name: {ctx.property_name.ok_or("computed_setter outside property_binding context")?}
-                type: {ctx.property_type}
+                type: {..ctx.property_type}
                 accessor_kind: (accessor_kind "set")
-                body: (block stmt: {body}))
+                body: (block stmt: {..body}))
         ),
         // Computed modify → accessor_declaration
         rule!(
             (computed_modify body: (block statement: _* @body))
             =>
             (accessor_declaration
-                modifier: {ctx.binding_modifier}
-                modifier: {ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
-                modifier: {chained_modifier(&mut ctx)}
+                modifier: {..ctx.binding_modifier}
+                modifier: {..ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
+                modifier: {..chained_modifier(&mut ctx)}
                 name: {ctx.property_name.ok_or("computed_modify outside property_binding context")?}
-                type: {ctx.property_type}
+                type: {..ctx.property_type}
                 accessor_kind: (accessor_kind "modify")
-                body: (block stmt: {body}))
+                body: (block stmt: {..body}))
         ),
         // willset/didset block — spread to children (only reachable as a
         // fallback; the outer property_binding manual rule normally
         // captures the willset/didset clauses directly).
-        rule!((willset_didset_block _* @clauses) => {clauses}),
+        rule!((willset_didset_block _* @clauses) => {..clauses}),
         // willset clause → accessor_declaration (body optional). Reads
         // `ctx.property_name` set by the outer property_binding rule and
         // binding/outer modifiers + chained tag from the outer
@@ -1116,24 +1143,24 @@ fn translation_rules() -> Vec<Rule<SwiftContext>> {
             (willset_clause body: (block statement: _* @body)?)
             =>
             (accessor_declaration
-                modifier: {ctx.binding_modifier}
-                modifier: {ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
-                modifier: {chained_modifier(&mut ctx)}
+                modifier: {..ctx.binding_modifier}
+                modifier: {..ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
+                modifier: {..chained_modifier(&mut ctx)}
                 name: {ctx.property_name.ok_or("willset_clause outside property_binding context")?}
                 accessor_kind: (accessor_kind "willSet")
-                body: (block stmt: {body}))
+                body: (block stmt: {..body}))
         ),
         // didset clause → accessor_declaration (body optional).
         rule!(
             (didset_clause body: (block statement: _* @body)?)
             =>
             (accessor_declaration
-                modifier: {ctx.binding_modifier}
-                modifier: {ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
-                modifier: {chained_modifier(&mut ctx)}
+                modifier: {..ctx.binding_modifier}
+                modifier: {..ctx.outer_modifiers.clone()}
+                modifier: {..chained_modifier(&mut ctx)}
                 name: {ctx.property_name.ok_or("didset_clause outside property_binding context")?}
                 accessor_kind: (accessor_kind "didSet")
-                body: (block stmt: {body}))
+                body: (block stmt: {..body}))
         ),
         // Preprocessor conditionals — unsupported
         rule!((diagnostic) => (unsupported_node)),

unified/extractor/tests/corpus/swift/control-flow.txt

@@ -573,10 +573,12 @@ top_level
                         name_expr
                           identifier: identifier "print"
               pattern:
-                expr_equality_pattern
-                  expr: int_literal "2"
-                expr_equality_pattern
-                  expr: int_literal "3"
+                or_pattern
+                  pattern:
+                    expr_equality_pattern
+                      expr: int_literal "2"
+                    expr_equality_pattern
+                      expr: int_literal "3"
             switch_case
               body:
                 block
@@ -592,6 +594,83 @@ top_level
             name_expr
               identifier: identifier "x"
 
+===
+If-case-let with shadowing in condition value
+===
+
+if case let x = x + 10 {
+  print(x)
+}
+
+---
+
+source_file
+  statement:
+    if_statement
+      body:
+        block
+          statement:
+            call_expression
+              function: simple_identifier "print"
+              suffix:
+                call_suffix
+                  arguments:
+                    value_arguments
+                      argument:
+                        value_argument
+                          value: simple_identifier "x"
+      condition:
+        if_condition
+          kind:
+            if_let_binding
+              pattern:
+                pattern
+                  kind:
+                    binding_pattern
+                      binding:
+                        value_binding_pattern
+                          mutability: let
+                      pattern:
+                        pattern
+                          bound_identifier: simple_identifier "x"
+              value:
+                additive_expression
+                  lhs: simple_identifier "x"
+                  op: +
+                  rhs: integer_literal "10"
+
+---
+
+top_level
+  body:
+    block
+      stmt:
+        if_expr
+          condition:
+            pattern_guard_expr
+              pattern:
+                name_pattern
+                  identifier: identifier "x"
+              value:
+                binary_expr
+                  operator: infix_operator "+"
+                  left:
+                    name_expr
+                      identifier: identifier "x"
+                  right: int_literal "10"
+          then:
+            block
+              stmt:
+                call_expr
+                  argument:
+                    argument
+                      value:
+                        name_expr
+                          identifier: identifier "x"
+                  callee:
+                    name_expr
+                      identifier: identifier "print"
+
 ===
 Switch with binding pattern
 ===

unified/ql/lib/codeql/unified/Ast.qll

@@ -978,6 +978,23 @@ module Unified {
     }
   }
 
+  /** A class representing `or_pattern` nodes. */
+  class OrPattern extends @unified_or_pattern, AstNode {
+    /** Gets the name of the primary QL class for this element. */
+    final override string getAPrimaryQlClass() { result = "OrPattern" }
+
+    /** Gets the node corresponding to the field `modifier`. */
+    final Modifier getModifier(int i) { unified_or_pattern_modifier(this, i, result) }
+
+    /** Gets the node corresponding to the field `pattern`. */
+    final Pattern getPattern(int i) { unified_or_pattern_pattern(this, i, result) }
+
+    /** Gets a field or child node of this node. */
+    final override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
+      unified_or_pattern_modifier(this, _, result) or unified_or_pattern_pattern(this, _, result)
+    }
+  }
+
   /** A class representing `parameter` nodes. */
   class Parameter extends @unified_parameter, AstNode {
     /** Gets the name of the primary QL class for this element. */
@@ -1109,14 +1126,14 @@ module Unified {
     final Modifier getModifier(int i) { unified_switch_case_modifier(this, i, result) }
 
     /** Gets the node corresponding to the field `pattern`. */
-    final Pattern getPattern(int i) { unified_switch_case_pattern(this, i, result) }
+    final Pattern getPattern() { unified_switch_case_pattern(this, result) }
 
     /** Gets a field or child node of this node. */
     final override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
       unified_switch_case_def(this, result) or
       unified_switch_case_guard(this, result) or
       unified_switch_case_modifier(this, _, result) or
-      unified_switch_case_pattern(this, _, result)
+      unified_switch_case_pattern(this, result)
     }
   }
 
@@ -1654,6 +1671,10 @@ module Unified {
       i = -1 and
       name = "getPrecedence"
       or
+      result = node.(OrPattern).getModifier(i) and name = "getModifier"
+      or
+      result = node.(OrPattern).getPattern(i) and name = "getPattern"
+      or
       result = node.(Parameter).getDefault() and i = -1 and name = "getDefault"
       or
       result = node.(Parameter).getExternalName() and i = -1 and name = "getExternalName"
@@ -1682,7 +1703,7 @@ module Unified {
       or
       result = node.(SwitchCase).getModifier(i) and name = "getModifier"
       or
-      result = node.(SwitchCase).getPattern(i) and name = "getPattern"
+      result = node.(SwitchCase).getPattern() and i = -1 and name = "getPattern"
       or
       result = node.(SwitchExpr).getCase(i) and name = "getCase"
       or

unified/ql/lib/unified.dbscheme

@@ -716,6 +716,24 @@ unified_operator_syntax_declaration_def(
   int name: @unified_token_identifier ref
 );
 
+#keyset[unified_or_pattern, index]
+unified_or_pattern_modifier(
+  int unified_or_pattern: @unified_or_pattern ref,
+  int index: int ref,
+  unique int modifier: @unified_token_modifier ref
+);
+
+#keyset[unified_or_pattern, index]
+unified_or_pattern_pattern(
+  int unified_or_pattern: @unified_or_pattern ref,
+  int index: int ref,
+  unique int pattern: @unified_pattern ref
+);
+
+unified_or_pattern_def(
+  unique int id: @unified_or_pattern
+);
+
 unified_parameter_default(
   unique int unified_parameter: @unified_parameter ref,
   unique int default: @unified_expr ref
@@ -747,7 +765,7 @@ unified_parameter_def(
   unique int id: @unified_parameter
 );
 
-@unified_pattern = @unified_bulk_importing_pattern | @unified_constructor_pattern | @unified_expr_equality_pattern | @unified_name_pattern | @unified_token_ignore_pattern | @unified_token_unsupported_node | @unified_tuple_pattern
+@unified_pattern = @unified_bulk_importing_pattern | @unified_constructor_pattern | @unified_expr_equality_pattern | @unified_name_pattern | @unified_or_pattern | @unified_token_ignore_pattern | @unified_token_unsupported_node | @unified_tuple_pattern
 
 unified_pattern_element_key(
   unique int unified_pattern_element: @unified_pattern_element ref,
@@ -795,10 +813,8 @@ unified_switch_case_modifier(
   unique int modifier: @unified_token_modifier ref
 );
 
-#keyset[unified_switch_case, index]
 unified_switch_case_pattern(
-  int unified_switch_case: @unified_switch_case ref,
-  int index: int ref,
+  unique int unified_switch_case: @unified_switch_case ref,
   unique int pattern: @unified_pattern ref
 );
 
@@ -1056,7 +1072,7 @@ unified_trivia_tokeninfo(
   string value: string ref
 );
 
-@unified_ast_node = @unified_accessor_declaration | @unified_argument | @unified_array_literal | @unified_assign_expr | @unified_associated_type_declaration | @unified_base_type | @unified_binary_expr | @unified_block | @unified_bound_type_constraint | @unified_break_expr | @unified_bulk_importing_pattern | @unified_call_expr | @unified_catch_clause | @unified_class_like_declaration | @unified_compound_assign_expr | @unified_constructor_declaration | @unified_constructor_pattern | @unified_continue_expr | @unified_destructor_declaration | @unified_do_while_stmt | @unified_equality_type_constraint | @unified_expr_equality_pattern | @unified_for_each_stmt | @unified_function_declaration | @unified_function_expr | @unified_function_type_expr | @unified_generic_type_expr | @unified_guard_if_stmt | @unified_if_expr | @unified_import_declaration | @unified_initializer_declaration | @unified_key_value_pair | @unified_labeled_stmt | @unified_map_literal | @unified_member_access_expr | @unified_name_expr | @unified_name_pattern | @unified_named_type_expr | @unified_operator_syntax_declaration | @unified_parameter | @unified_pattern_element | @unified_pattern_guard_expr | @unified_return_expr | @unified_switch_case | @unified_switch_expr | @unified_throw_expr | @unified_token | @unified_top_level | @unified_trivia_token | @unified_try_expr | @unified_tuple_expr | @unified_tuple_pattern | @unified_tuple_type_element | @unified_tuple_type_expr | @unified_type_alias_declaration | @unified_type_cast_expr | @unified_type_parameter | @unified_type_test_expr | @unified_type_test_pattern | @unified_unary_expr | @unified_variable_declaration | @unified_while_stmt
+@unified_ast_node = @unified_accessor_declaration | @unified_argument | @unified_array_literal | @unified_assign_expr | @unified_associated_type_declaration | @unified_base_type | @unified_binary_expr | @unified_block | @unified_bound_type_constraint | @unified_break_expr | @unified_bulk_importing_pattern | @unified_call_expr | @unified_catch_clause | @unified_class_like_declaration | @unified_compound_assign_expr | @unified_constructor_declaration | @unified_constructor_pattern | @unified_continue_expr | @unified_destructor_declaration | @unified_do_while_stmt | @unified_equality_type_constraint | @unified_expr_equality_pattern | @unified_for_each_stmt | @unified_function_declaration | @unified_function_expr | @unified_function_type_expr | @unified_generic_type_expr | @unified_guard_if_stmt | @unified_if_expr | @unified_import_declaration | @unified_initializer_declaration | @unified_key_value_pair | @unified_labeled_stmt | @unified_map_literal | @unified_member_access_expr | @unified_name_expr | @unified_name_pattern | @unified_named_type_expr | @unified_operator_syntax_declaration | @unified_or_pattern | @unified_parameter | @unified_pattern_element | @unified_pattern_guard_expr | @unified_return_expr | @unified_switch_case | @unified_switch_expr | @unified_throw_expr | @unified_token | @unified_top_level | @unified_trivia_token | @unified_try_expr | @unified_tuple_expr | @unified_tuple_pattern | @unified_tuple_type_element | @unified_tuple_type_expr | @unified_type_alias_declaration | @unified_type_cast_expr | @unified_type_parameter | @unified_type_test_expr | @unified_type_test_pattern | @unified_unary_expr | @unified_variable_declaration | @unified_while_stmt
 
 unified_ast_node_location(
   unique int node: @unified_ast_node ref,