C++: Don't unresolve 'this'

For example, if you have 3 types called T, where t1 and t2 are defined but t3 isn't, then you will have unspecifiedtype(t1, t1) unspecifiedtype(t2, t2) unspecifiedtype(t3, t3) t1 = resolve(t1) t1 = resolve(t3) t2 = resolve(t2) t2 = resolve(t3) so given Type getUnspecifiedType() { unspecifiedtype(unresolve(this), unresolve(result)) } you get t1.getUnspecifiedType() = t2. I think that in general the best thing to do is to not unresolve 'this', but to just take the underlying value.
2025-12-16 16:53:25 +01:00 · 2018-08-03 14:06:44 +01:00
parent a1e44041ec
commit c241b081cb
37 changed files with 422 additions and 418 deletions
--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/AutogeneratedFile.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/AutogeneratedFile.qll
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class AutogeneratedFile extends File {
  cached AutogeneratedFile() {
    exists(int limit, int head |
      head <= 5 and
-      limit = max(int line | locations_default(_, unresolveElement(this), head, _, line, _)) + 5
+      limit = max(int line | locations_default(_, underlyingElement(this), head, _, line, _)) + 5
    |
      exists (Comment c | c.getFile() = this and c.getLocation().getStartLine() <= limit and isAutogeneratedComment(c))
    )
--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Class.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Class.qll
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ private import semmle.code.cpp.internal.Type
 */
 class Class extends UserType {
  Class() {
-    isClass(unresolveElement(this))
+    isClass(underlyingElement(this))
  }

  /** Gets a child declaration of this class. */
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class Class extends UserType {
   * If you also want template instantiations of results, see
   * `getAMember(int)`.
   */
-  Declaration getCanonicalMember(int index) { member(unresolveElement(this),index,unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Declaration getCanonicalMember(int index) { member(underlyingElement(this),index,unresolveElement(result)) }

  /**
   * Gets the (zero-based) `index`th canonical member declared in this
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class Class extends UserType {
   * DEPRECATED: Use `getCanonicalMember(int)` or `getAMember(int)` instead.
   * Gets the `index`th member of this class.
   */
-  deprecated Declaration getMember(int index) { member(unresolveElement(this),index,unresolveElement(result)) }
+  deprecated Declaration getMember(int index) { member(underlyingElement(this),index,unresolveElement(result)) }

  /**
   * DEPRECATED: As this includes a somewhat arbitrary number of
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ class Class extends UserType {
   * compiled for. For this reason, the `is_pod_class` predicate is
   * generated by the extractor.
   */
-  predicate isPOD() { is_pod_class(unresolveElement(this)) }
+  predicate isPOD() { is_pod_class(underlyingElement(this)) }

  /**
   * Holds if this class is abstract, in other words whether it declares one
@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ class Class extends UserType {
   * classes.
   */
  int getVirtualBaseClassByteOffset(Class base) {
-    virtual_base_offsets(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(base), result)
+    virtual_base_offsets(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(base), result)
  }

  /**
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ class Class extends UserType {
   * The alignment of this type in bytes (on the machine where facts were
   * extracted).
   */
-  int getAlignment() { usertypesize(unresolveElement(this),_,result) }
+  int getAlignment() { usertypesize(underlyingElement(this),_,result) }

  /**
   * Holds if this class is constructed from another class as a result of
@@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ class Class extends UserType {
   * from a class nested in a class template.
   */
  predicate isConstructedFrom(Class c) {
-    class_instantiation(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(c))
+    class_instantiation(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(c))
  }

  /**
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ class Class extends UserType {
   * `i`th template parameter.
   */
  Type getTemplateArgument(int i) {
-    class_template_argument(unresolveElement(this),i,unresolveElement(result))
+    class_template_argument(underlyingElement(this),i,unresolveElement(result))
  }

  /**
@@ -614,7 +614,7 @@ class Class extends UserType {

  /** Holds if this class was declared 'final'. */
  predicate isFinal() {
-    usertype_final(unresolveElement(this))
+    usertype_final(underlyingElement(this))
  }

  /** Gets a link target which references this class. */
@@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ class Class extends UserType {
   * using lowercase letters (e.g. "01234567-89ab-cdef-0123-456789abcdef").
   */
  string getUuid() {
-    usertype_uuid(unresolveElement(this), result)
+    usertype_uuid(underlyingElement(this), result)
  }

  private Type getAFieldSubobjectType() {
@@ -764,7 +764,7 @@ class ClassDerivation extends Locatable, @derivation {
   * struct D : T {};
   */
  Type getBaseType() {
-    derivations(unresolveElement(this),_,_,unresolveElement(result),_)
+    derivations(underlyingElement(this),_,_,unresolveElement(result),_)
  }

  /**
@@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ class ClassDerivation extends Locatable, @derivation {
   * struct D : B {};
   */
  Class getDerivedClass() {
-    derivations(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_,_,_)
+    derivations(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_,_,_)
  }

  /**
@@ -784,12 +784,12 @@ class ClassDerivation extends Locatable, @derivation {
   * derivation of B2 in "struct D : B1, B2 { ... };" would be 1.
   */
  int getIndex() {
-    derivations(unresolveElement(this),_,result,_,_)
+    derivations(underlyingElement(this),_,result,_,_)
  }

  /** Gets a specifier (for example "public") applied to the derivation. */
  Specifier getASpecifier() {
-    derspecifiers(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result))
+    derspecifiers(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result))
  }

  /** Holds if the derivation has specifier `s`. */
@@ -804,7 +804,7 @@ class ClassDerivation extends Locatable, @derivation {

  /** Gets the location of the derivation. */
  override Location getLocation() {
-    derivations(unresolveElement(this),_,_,_,result)
+    derivations(underlyingElement(this),_,_,_,result)
  }

  /**
@@ -816,7 +816,7 @@ class ClassDerivation extends Locatable, @derivation {
   * classes.
   */
  int getByteOffset() {
-    direct_base_offsets(unresolveElement(this), result)
+    direct_base_offsets(underlyingElement(this), result)
  }

  override string toString() {
@@ -869,7 +869,7 @@ class AbstractClass extends Class {
 * of class templates).
 */
 class TemplateClass extends Class {
-  TemplateClass() { usertypes(unresolveElement(this),_,6) }
+  TemplateClass() { usertypes(underlyingElement(this),_,6) }
  Class getAnInstantiation() {
    result.isConstructedFrom(this) and
    exists(result.getATemplateArgument())
@@ -998,7 +998,7 @@ class VirtualBaseClass extends Class {
 */
 class ProxyClass extends UserType {
  ProxyClass() {
-    usertypes(unresolveElement(this),_,9)
+    usertypes(underlyingElement(this),_,9)
  }

  /** Gets the location of the proxy class. */
@@ -1008,7 +1008,7 @@ class ProxyClass extends UserType {

  /** Gets the template parameter for which this is the proxy class. */
  TemplateParameter getTemplateParameter() {
-    is_proxy_class_for(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result))
+    is_proxy_class_for(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result))
  }
 }

--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Comments.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Comments.qll
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ import semmle.code.cpp.Element
 */
 class Comment extends Locatable, @comment {
  override string toString() { result = this.getContents() }
-  override Location getLocation() { comments(unresolveElement(this),_,result) }
-  string getContents() { comments(unresolveElement(this),result,_) }
-  Element getCommentedElement() { commentbinding(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }
+  override Location getLocation() { comments(underlyingElement(this),_,result) }
+  string getContents() { comments(underlyingElement(this),result,_) }
+  Element getCommentedElement() { commentbinding(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }
 }

 /**
--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Diagnostics.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Diagnostics.qll
@@ -7,26 +7,26 @@ class Diagnostic extends Locatable, @diagnostic {
   * Gets the severity of the message, on a range from 1 to 5: 1=remark,
   * 2=warning, 3=discretionary error, 4=error, 5=catastrophic error.
   */
-  int getSeverity() { diagnostics(unresolveElement(this), result, _, _, _, _) }
+  int getSeverity() { diagnostics(underlyingElement(this), result, _, _, _, _) }

  /** Gets the error code for this compiler message. */
-  string getTag() { diagnostics(unresolveElement(this), _, result, _, _, _) }
+  string getTag() { diagnostics(underlyingElement(this), _, result, _, _, _) }
  predicate hasTag(string s) { this.getTag() = s }

  /**
   * Gets the error message text associated with this compiler
   * diagnostic.
   */
-  string getMessage() { diagnostics(unresolveElement(this), _, _, result, _, _) }
+  string getMessage() { diagnostics(underlyingElement(this), _, _, result, _, _) }

  /**
   * Gets the full error message text associated with this compiler
   * diagnostic.
   */
-  string getFullMessage() { diagnostics(unresolveElement(this), _, _, _, result, _) }
+  string getFullMessage() { diagnostics(underlyingElement(this), _, _, _, result, _) }

  /** Gets the source location corresponding to the compiler message. */
-  override Location getLocation() { diagnostics(unresolveElement(this), _, _, _, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { diagnostics(underlyingElement(this), _, _, _, _, result) }

  override string toString() { result = this.getMessage() }

--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Element.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Element.qll
@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ cached @element unresolveElement(Element e) {
  resolveElement(result) = e
 }

+cached @element underlyingElement(Element e) {
+  result = e
+}
+
 /**
 * A C/C++ element. This class is the base class for all C/C++
 * elements, such as functions, classes, expressions, and so on.
@@ -136,7 +140,7 @@ class Element extends @element {
    | this = s and result = s.getParent())

    or
-    using_container(unresolveElement(result), unresolveElement(this))
+    using_container(unresolveElement(result), underlyingElement(this))
  }

  /**
@@ -158,17 +162,17 @@ class Element extends @element {
  }

  private Element getEnclosingElementPref() {
-    enclosingfunction(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) or
+    enclosingfunction(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) or
    result.(Function) = stmtEnclosingElement(this) or
    this.(LocalScopeVariable).getFunction() = result or
-    enumconstants(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _, _, _, _) or
-    derivations(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _, _, _) or
-    stmtparents(unresolveElement(this), _, unresolveElement(result)) or
-    exprparents(unresolveElement(this), _, unresolveElement(result)) or
-    namequalifiers(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _, _) or
-    initialisers(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _, _) or
-    exprconv(unresolveElement(result), unresolveElement(this)) or
-    param_decl_bind(unresolveElement(this),_,unresolveElement(result))
+    enumconstants(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _, _, _, _) or
+    derivations(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _, _, _) or
+    stmtparents(underlyingElement(this), _, unresolveElement(result)) or
+    exprparents(underlyingElement(this), _, unresolveElement(result)) or
+    namequalifiers(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _, _) or
+    initialisers(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _, _) or
+    exprconv(unresolveElement(result), underlyingElement(this)) or
+    param_decl_bind(underlyingElement(this),_,unresolveElement(result))
  }

  /** Gets the closest `Element` enclosing this one. */
@@ -181,7 +185,7 @@ class Element extends @element {
        or
        result = exprEnclosingElement(this)
        or
-        var_decls(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _, _, _)
+        var_decls(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _, _, _)
      )
    )
  }
@@ -247,7 +251,7 @@ private predicate isFromUninstantiatedTemplateRec(Element e, Element template) {
 */
 class StaticAssert extends Locatable, @static_assert {
  override string toString() { result = "static_assert(..., \"" + getMessage() + "\")" }
-  Expr getCondition()    { static_asserts(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _, _) }
-  string getMessage()    { static_asserts(unresolveElement(this), _, result, _) }
-  override Location getLocation() { static_asserts(unresolveElement(this), _, _, result) }
+  Expr getCondition()    { static_asserts(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _, _) }
+  string getMessage()    { static_asserts(underlyingElement(this), _, result, _) }
+  override Location getLocation() { static_asserts(underlyingElement(this), _, _, result) }
 }
--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Enum.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Enum.qll
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ private import semmle.code.cpp.internal.Type
 class Enum extends UserType, IntegralOrEnumType {
  /** Gets an enumerator of this enumeration. */
  EnumConstant getAnEnumConstant() { result.getDeclaringEnum() = this }
-  EnumConstant getEnumConstant(int index) { enumconstants(unresolveElement(result),unresolveElement(this),index,_,_,_) }
+  EnumConstant getEnumConstant(int index) { enumconstants(unresolveElement(result),underlyingElement(this),index,_,_,_) }

  /**
   * Gets a descriptive string for the enum. This method is only intended to
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class Enum extends UserType, IntegralOrEnumType {
   * For example: `enum E : int`.
   */
  predicate hasExplicitUnderlyingType() {
-    derivations(_, unresolveElement(this), _, _, _)
+    derivations(_, underlyingElement(this), _, _, _)
  }

  /**
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class Enum extends UserType, IntegralOrEnumType {
   * For example: `int` in `enum E : int`.
   */
  Type getExplicitUnderlyingType() {
-    derivations(_, unresolveElement(this), _, unresolveElement(result), _)
+    derivations(_, underlyingElement(this), _, unresolveElement(result), _)
  }
 }

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class NestedEnum extends Enum {
 */
 class ScopedEnum extends Enum {
  ScopedEnum() {
-    usertypes(unresolveElement(this),_,13)
+    usertypes(underlyingElement(this),_,13)
  }
 }

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class EnumConstant extends Declaration, @enumconstant {
  /**
   * Gets the enumeration of which this enumerator is a member.
   */
-  Enum getDeclaringEnum() { enumconstants(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_,_,_,_) }
+  Enum getDeclaringEnum() { enumconstants(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_,_,_,_) }

  override Class getDeclaringType() {
    result = this.getDeclaringEnum().getDeclaringType()
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class EnumConstant extends Declaration, @enumconstant {
  /**
   * Gets the name of this enumerator.
   */
-  override string getName() { enumconstants(unresolveElement(this),_,_,_,result,_) }
+  override string getName() { enumconstants(underlyingElement(this),_,_,_,result,_) }

  /**
   * Gets the value that this enumerator is initialized to, as a
@@ -106,13 +106,13 @@ class EnumConstant extends Declaration, @enumconstant {
  string getValue() { result = this.getInitializer().getExpr().getValue() }

  /** Gets the type of this enumerator. */
-  Type getType() { enumconstants(unresolveElement(this),_,_,unresolveElement(result),_,_) }
+  Type getType() { enumconstants(underlyingElement(this),_,_,unresolveElement(result),_,_) }

  /** Gets the location of a declaration of this enumerator. */
  override Location getADeclarationLocation() { result = this.getDefinitionLocation() }

  /** Gets the location of the definition of this enumerator. */
-  override Location getDefinitionLocation() { enumconstants(unresolveElement(this),_,_,_,_,result) }
+  override Location getDefinitionLocation() { enumconstants(underlyingElement(this),_,_,_,_,result) }

  /** Gets the location of the definition of this enumerator. */
  override Location getLocation() { result = this.getDefinitionLocation() }
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ class EnumConstant extends Declaration, @enumconstant {
  EnumConstantAccess getAnAccess() { result.getTarget() = this }

  /** Gets a specifier of this enumerator. */
-  override Specifier getASpecifier() { varspecifiers(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }
+  override Specifier getASpecifier() { varspecifiers(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }

  /**
   * An attribute of this enumerator.
@@ -133,6 +133,6 @@ class EnumConstant extends Declaration, @enumconstant {
   * which is only supported by Clang.
   */
  Attribute getAnAttribute() {
-    varattributes(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result))
+    varattributes(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result))
  }
 }
--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Field.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Field.qll
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ import semmle.code.cpp.exprs.Access
 class Field extends MemberVariable {

  Field() {
-    fieldoffsets(unresolveElement(this),_,_)
+    fieldoffsets(underlyingElement(this),_,_)
  }

  /**
   * Gets the offset of this field in bytes from the start of its declaring
   * type (on the machine where facts were extracted).
   */
-  int getByteOffset() { fieldoffsets(unresolveElement(this),result,_) }
+  int getByteOffset() { fieldoffsets(underlyingElement(this),result,_) }

  /**
   * Gets the byte offset within `mostDerivedClass` of each occurence of this
@@ -70,13 +70,13 @@ class Field extends MemberVariable {
 * Syntactically, this looks like `int x : 3` in `struct S { int x : 3; };`.
 */
 class BitField extends Field {
-  BitField() { bitfield(unresolveElement(this),_,_) }
+  BitField() { bitfield(underlyingElement(this),_,_) }

  /**
   * Gets the size of this bitfield in bits (on the machine where facts
   * were extracted).
   */
-  int getNumBits() { bitfield(unresolveElement(this),result,_) }
+  int getNumBits() { bitfield(underlyingElement(this),result,_) }

  /**
   * Gets the value which appeared after the colon in the bitfield
@@ -88,13 +88,13 @@ class BitField extends Field {
   * `getNumBits` will give 32, whereas `getDeclaredNumBits` will give
   * 1234.
   */
-  int getDeclaredNumBits() { bitfield(unresolveElement(this),_,result) }
+  int getDeclaredNumBits() { bitfield(underlyingElement(this),_,result) }

  /**
   * Gets the offset of this bitfield in bits from the byte identified by
   * getByteOffset (on the machine where facts were extracted).
   */
-  int getBitOffset() { fieldoffsets(unresolveElement(this),_,result) }
+  int getBitOffset() { fieldoffsets(underlyingElement(this),_,result) }

  predicate isAnonymous() {
    hasName("(unnamed bitfield)")
--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/File.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/File.qll
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ abstract class Container extends Locatable, @container {

  /** Gets the parent container of this file or folder, if any. */
  Container getParentContainer() {
-    containerparent(unresolveElement(result), unresolveElement(this))
+    containerparent(unresolveElement(result), underlyingElement(this))
  }

  /** Gets a file or sub-folder in this container. */
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ abstract class Container extends Locatable, @container {
 */
 class Folder extends Container, @folder {
  override string getAbsolutePath() {
-    folders(unresolveElement(this), result, _)
+    folders(underlyingElement(this), result, _)
  }

  override Location getLocation() {
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ class Folder extends Container, @folder {
   * Gets the name of this folder.
   */
  deprecated
-  string getName() { folders(unresolveElement(this),result,_) }
+  string getName() { folders(underlyingElement(this),result,_) }

  /**
   * DEPRECATED: use `getAbsolutePath` instead.
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ class Folder extends Container, @folder {
  deprecated
  string getShortName() {
    exists (string longnameRaw, string longname
-    | folders(unresolveElement(this),_,longnameRaw) and
+    | folders(underlyingElement(this),_,longnameRaw) and
      longname = longnameRaw.replaceAll("\\", "/")
    | exists (int index
      | result = longname.splitAt("/", index) and
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ class Folder extends Container, @folder {
   * Gets the parent folder.
   */
  deprecated
-  Folder getParent() { containerparent(unresolveElement(result),unresolveElement(this)) }
+  Folder getParent() { containerparent(unresolveElement(result),underlyingElement(this)) }
 }

 /**
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ class Folder extends Container, @folder {
 */
 class File extends Container, @file {
  override string getAbsolutePath() {
-    files(unresolveElement(this), result, _, _, _)
+    files(underlyingElement(this), result, _, _, _)
  }

  override string toString() {
@@ -274,12 +274,12 @@ class File extends Container, @file {

  /** Holds if this file was compiled as C (at any point). */
  predicate compiledAsC() {
-    fileannotations(unresolveElement(this),1,"compiled as c","1")
+    fileannotations(underlyingElement(this),1,"compiled as c","1")
  }

  /** Holds if this file was compiled as C++ (at any point). */
  predicate compiledAsCpp() {
-    fileannotations(unresolveElement(this),1,"compiled as c++","1")
+    fileannotations(underlyingElement(this),1,"compiled as c++","1")
  }

  /**
@@ -333,14 +333,14 @@ class File extends Container, @file {
   * Gets the folder which contains this file.
   */
  deprecated
-  Folder getParent() { containerparent(unresolveElement(result),unresolveElement(this)) }
+  Folder getParent() { containerparent(unresolveElement(result),underlyingElement(this)) }

  /**
   * Holds if this file may be from source. This predicate holds for all files
   * except the dummy file, whose name is the empty string, which contains
   * declarations that are built into the compiler.
   */
-  override predicate fromSource() { numlines(unresolveElement(this),_,_,_) }
+  override predicate fromSource() { numlines(underlyingElement(this),_,_,_) }

  /**
   * Holds if this file may be from a library.
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ class File extends Container, @file {
   * "/usr/home/me/myprogram.c".
   */
  deprecated
-  string getName() { files(unresolveElement(this),result,_,_,_) }
+  string getName() { files(underlyingElement(this),result,_,_,_) }

  /**
   * DEPRECATED: Use `getAbsolutePath` instead.
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ class File extends Container, @file {
   * "tar.gz", while `getExtension` will have the result "gz".
   */
  string getExtensions() {
-    files(unresolveElement(this),_,_,result,_)
+    files(underlyingElement(this),_,_,result,_)
  }

  /**
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ class File extends Container, @file {
   * for example, for "file.tar.gz", this predicate will have the result
   * "file", while `getStem` will have the result "file.tar".
   */
-  string getShortName() { files(unresolveElement(this),_,result,_,_) }
+  string getShortName() { files(underlyingElement(this),_,result,_,_) }
 }


--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/FriendDecl.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/FriendDecl.qll
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class FriendDecl extends Declaration, @frienddecl {
  override Location getDefinitionLocation() { result = this.getLocation() }

  /** Gets the location of this friend declaration. */
-  override Location getLocation() { frienddecls(unresolveElement(this),_,_,result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { frienddecls(underlyingElement(this),_,_,result) }

  /** Gets a descriptive string for this friend declaration. */
  override string getName() {
@@ -51,13 +51,13 @@ class FriendDecl extends Declaration, @frienddecl {
   * Gets the target of this friend declaration.
   * For example: `X` in `class A { friend class X }`.
   */
-  AccessHolder getFriend() { frienddecls(unresolveElement(this),_,unresolveElement(result),_) }
+  AccessHolder getFriend() { frienddecls(underlyingElement(this),_,unresolveElement(result),_) }

  /**
   * Gets the declaring class (also known as the befriending class).
   * For example: `A` in `class A { friend class X }`.
   */
-  Class getDeclaringClass() { frienddecls(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_,_) }
+  Class getDeclaringClass() { frienddecls(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_,_) }

  /* Holds if this declaration is a top-level declaration. */
  override predicate isTopLevel() { none() }
--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Function.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Function.qll
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class Function extends Declaration, ControlFlowNode, AccessHolder, @function {
   * To test whether a function has a particular name in the global
   * namespace, use `hasGlobalName`.
   */
-  override string getName() { functions(unresolveElement(this),result,_) }
+  override string getName() { functions(underlyingElement(this),result,_) }

  /**
   * Gets the full signature of this function, including return type, parameter
@@ -70,16 +70,16 @@ class Function extends Declaration, ControlFlowNode, AccessHolder, @function {

  /** Gets a specifier of this function. */
  override Specifier getASpecifier() {
-    funspecifiers(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result))
+    funspecifiers(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result))
    or result.hasName(getADeclarationEntry().getASpecifier())
  }

  /** Gets an attribute of this function. */
-  Attribute getAnAttribute() { funcattributes(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Attribute getAnAttribute() { funcattributes(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }

  /** Holds if this function is generated by the compiler. */
  predicate isCompilerGenerated() {
-    compgenerated(unresolveElement(this))
+    compgenerated(underlyingElement(this))
  }

  /** Holds if this function is inline. */
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ class Function extends Declaration, ControlFlowNode, AccessHolder, @function {
   * whether a class would have had those members implicitly deleted.
   */
  predicate isDeleted() {
-    function_deleted(unresolveElement(this))
+    function_deleted(underlyingElement(this))
  }

  /**
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class Function extends Declaration, ControlFlowNode, AccessHolder, @function {
   * specifier.
   */
  predicate isDefaulted() {
-    function_defaulted(unresolveElement(this))
+    function_defaulted(underlyingElement(this))
  }

  /**
@@ -124,13 +124,13 @@ class Function extends Declaration, ControlFlowNode, AccessHolder, @function {
  }

  /** Gets the return type of this function. */
-  Type getType() { function_return_type(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Type getType() { function_return_type(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }

  /** Gets the nth parameter of this function. */
-  Parameter getParameter(int n) { params(unresolveElement(result),unresolveElement(this),n,_) }
+  Parameter getParameter(int n) { params(unresolveElement(result),underlyingElement(this),n,_) }

  /** Gets a parameter of this function. */
-  Parameter getAParameter() { params(unresolveElement(result),unresolveElement(this),_,_) }
+  Parameter getAParameter() { params(unresolveElement(result),underlyingElement(this),_,_) }

  /**
   * Gets the number of parameters of this function, _not_ including any
@@ -183,14 +183,14 @@ class Function extends Declaration, ControlFlowNode, AccessHolder, @function {
   * in `Declaration.qll`.
   */
  override FunctionDeclarationEntry getADeclarationEntry() {
-    if fun_decls(_,unresolveElement(this),_,_,_) then
+    if fun_decls(_,underlyingElement(this),_,_,_) then
      declEntry(result)
    else
      exists(Function f | this.isConstructedFrom(f) and fun_decls(unresolveElement(result),unresolveElement(f),_,_,_))
  }

  private predicate declEntry(FunctionDeclarationEntry fde) {
-    fun_decls(unresolveElement(fde),unresolveElement(this),_,_,_) and
+    fun_decls(unresolveElement(fde),underlyingElement(this),_,_,_) and
    // If one .cpp file specializes a function, and another calls the
    // specialized function, then when extracting the second we only see an
    // instantiation, not the specialization. We Therefore need to ignore
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ class Function extends Declaration, ControlFlowNode, AccessHolder, @function {

  /** Holds if this Function is a Template specialization. */
  predicate isSpecialization() {
-    exists(FunctionDeclarationEntry fde | fun_decls(unresolveElement(fde),unresolveElement(this),_,_,_)
+    exists(FunctionDeclarationEntry fde | fun_decls(unresolveElement(fde),underlyingElement(this),_,_,_)
                                      and fde.isSpecialization())
  }

@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ class Function extends Declaration, ControlFlowNode, AccessHolder, @function {
   * `FunctionTryStmt`.
   */
  Stmt getEntryPoint() {
-    function_entry_point(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result))
+    function_entry_point(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result))
  }

  /**
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ class Function extends Declaration, ControlFlowNode, AccessHolder, @function {
   * function or from a function nested in a template class.
   */
  predicate isConstructedFrom(Function f) {
-    function_instantiation(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(f))
+    function_instantiation(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(f))
  }

  /**
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ class Function extends Declaration, ControlFlowNode, AccessHolder, @function {
   * template class.
   */
  Type getTemplateArgument(int index) {
-    function_template_argument(unresolveElement(this),index,unresolveElement(result))
+    function_template_argument(underlyingElement(this),index,unresolveElement(result))
  }

  /**
@@ -496,22 +496,22 @@ class FunctionDeclarationEntry extends DeclarationEntry, @fun_decl {
  override Function getDeclaration() { result = getFunction() }

  /** Gets the function which is being declared or defined. */
-  Function getFunction() { fun_decls(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_,_,_) }
+  Function getFunction() { fun_decls(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_,_,_) }

  /** Gets the name of the function. */
-  override string getName() { fun_decls(unresolveElement(this),_,_,result,_) }
+  override string getName() { fun_decls(underlyingElement(this),_,_,result,_) }

  /**
   * Gets the return type of the function which is being declared or
   * defined.
   */
-  override Type getType() { fun_decls(unresolveElement(this),_,unresolveElement(result),_,_) }
+  override Type getType() { fun_decls(underlyingElement(this),_,unresolveElement(result),_,_) }

  /** Gets the location of this declaration entry. */
-  override Location getLocation() { fun_decls(unresolveElement(this),_,_,_,result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { fun_decls(underlyingElement(this),_,_,_,result) }

  /** Gets a specifier associated with this declaration entry. */
-  override string getASpecifier() { fun_decl_specifiers(unresolveElement(this),result) }
+  override string getASpecifier() { fun_decl_specifiers(underlyingElement(this),result) }

  /**
   * Implements `Element.getEnclosingElement`. A function declaration does
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ class FunctionDeclarationEntry extends DeclarationEntry, @fun_decl {
   * static Foo foo;
   */
  TypedefType getTypedefType() {
-    fun_decl_typedef_type(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result))
+    fun_decl_typedef_type(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result))
  }

  /**
@@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ class FunctionDeclarationEntry extends DeclarationEntry, @fun_decl {
   * declaration.
   */
  ParameterDeclarationEntry getParameterDeclarationEntry(int n) {
-    param_decl_bind(unresolveElement(result),n,unresolveElement(this))
+    param_decl_bind(unresolveElement(result),n,underlyingElement(this))
  }

  /** Gets the number of parameters of this function declaration. */
@@ -624,12 +624,12 @@ class FunctionDeclarationEntry extends DeclarationEntry, @fun_decl {

  /** Holds if this declaration is also a definition of its function. */
  override predicate isDefinition() {
-    fun_def(unresolveElement(this))
+    fun_def(underlyingElement(this))
  }

  /** Holds if this declaration is a Template specialization. */
  predicate isSpecialization() {
-    fun_specialized(unresolveElement(this))
+    fun_specialized(underlyingElement(this))
  }

  /**
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ class FunctionDeclarationEntry extends DeclarationEntry, @fun_decl {
   * where a function is used before it is declared (under older C standards).
   */
  predicate isImplicit() {
-    fun_implicit(unresolveElement(this))
+    fun_implicit(underlyingElement(this))
  }

  /** Gets a type that is specified to be thrown by the declared function. */
@@ -652,7 +652,7 @@ class FunctionDeclarationEntry extends DeclarationEntry, @fun_decl {
   * `int`, and that with index 1 would be `float`.
   */
  Type getThrownType(int i) {
-    fun_decl_throws(unresolveElement(this),i,unresolveElement(result))
+    fun_decl_throws(underlyingElement(this),i,unresolveElement(result))
  }

  /**
@@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ class FunctionDeclarationEntry extends DeclarationEntry, @fun_decl {
   * this predicate returns the argument to `noexcept` if one was given.
   */
  Expr getNoExceptExpr() {
-    fun_decl_noexcept(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result))
+    fun_decl_noexcept(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result))
  }

  /**
@@ -668,8 +668,8 @@ class FunctionDeclarationEntry extends DeclarationEntry, @fun_decl {
   * 15.4].
   */
  predicate hasExceptionSpecification() {
-    fun_decl_throws(unresolveElement(this),_,_) or
-    fun_decl_noexcept(unresolveElement(this),_) or
+    fun_decl_throws(underlyingElement(this),_,_) or
+    fun_decl_noexcept(underlyingElement(this),_) or
    isNoThrow() or
    isNoExcept()
  }
@@ -678,7 +678,7 @@ class FunctionDeclarationEntry extends DeclarationEntry, @fun_decl {
   * Holds if the declared function has a `throw()` exception specification.
   */
  predicate isNoThrow() {
-    fun_decl_empty_throws(unresolveElement(this))
+    fun_decl_empty_throws(underlyingElement(this))
  }

  /**
@@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ class FunctionDeclarationEntry extends DeclarationEntry, @fun_decl {
   * specification.
   */
  predicate isNoExcept() {
-    fun_decl_empty_noexcept(unresolveElement(this))
+    fun_decl_empty_noexcept(underlyingElement(this))
  }
 }

@@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ class MemberFunction extends Function {
  predicate isPublic() { this.hasSpecifier("public") }

  /** Holds if this function overrides that function. */
-  predicate overrides(MemberFunction that) { overrides(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(that)) }
+  predicate overrides(MemberFunction that) { overrides(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(that)) }

  /** Gets a directly overridden function. */
  MemberFunction getAnOverriddenFunction() { this.overrides(result) }
@@ -758,7 +758,7 @@ class MemberFunction extends Function {
 class VirtualFunction extends MemberFunction {

  VirtualFunction() {
-    this.hasSpecifier("virtual") or purefunctions(unresolveElement(this))
+    this.hasSpecifier("virtual") or purefunctions(underlyingElement(this))
  }

  /** Holds if this virtual function is pure. */
@@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ class VirtualFunction extends MemberFunction {
 */
 class PureVirtualFunction extends VirtualFunction {

-  PureVirtualFunction() { purefunctions(unresolveElement(this)) }
+  PureVirtualFunction() { purefunctions(underlyingElement(this)) }

 }

@@ -796,7 +796,7 @@ class ConstMemberFunction extends MemberFunction {
 */
 class Constructor extends MemberFunction {

-  Constructor() { functions(unresolveElement(this),_,2) }
+  Constructor() { functions(underlyingElement(this),_,2) }

  /**
   * Holds if this constructor serves as a default constructor.
@@ -825,7 +825,7 @@ class Constructor extends MemberFunction {
   * to be evaluated.
   */
  ConstructorInit getInitializer(int i) {
-    exprparents(unresolveElement(result), i, unresolveElement(this))
+    exprparents(unresolveElement(result), i, underlyingElement(this))
  }
 }

@@ -976,7 +976,7 @@ class NoArgConstructor extends Constructor {
 * A C++ destructor [N4140 12.4].
 */
 class Destructor extends MemberFunction {
-  Destructor() { functions(unresolveElement(this),_,3) }
+  Destructor() { functions(underlyingElement(this),_,3) }

  /**
   * Gets a compiler-generated action which destructs a base class or member
@@ -992,7 +992,7 @@ class Destructor extends MemberFunction {
   * be evaluated.
   */
  DestructorDestruction getDestruction(int i) {
-    exprparents(unresolveElement(result), i, unresolveElement(this))
+    exprparents(unresolveElement(result), i, underlyingElement(this))
  }
 }

@@ -1001,7 +1001,7 @@ class Destructor extends MemberFunction {
 */
 class ConversionOperator extends MemberFunction, ImplicitConversionFunction {

-  ConversionOperator() { functions(unresolveElement(this),_,4) }
+  ConversionOperator() { functions(underlyingElement(this),_,4) }

  override Type getSourceType() { result = this.getDeclaringType() }
  override Type getDestType() { result = this.getType() }
@@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ class ConversionOperator extends MemberFunction, ImplicitConversionFunction {
 */
 class Operator extends Function {

-  Operator() { functions(unresolveElement(this),_,5) }
+  Operator() { functions(underlyingElement(this),_,5) }

 }

@@ -1074,7 +1074,7 @@ class MoveAssignmentOperator extends Operator {
 *      (non-empty) template argument list.
 */
 class TemplateFunction extends Function {
-  TemplateFunction() { is_function_template(unresolveElement(this)) and exists(getATemplateArgument()) }
+  TemplateFunction() { is_function_template(underlyingElement(this)) and exists(getATemplateArgument()) }

  /**
   * Gets a compiler-generated instantiation of this function template.
@@ -1146,7 +1146,7 @@ class FunctionTemplateSpecialization extends Function {
 */
 class BuiltInFunction extends Function {
  BuiltInFunction() {
-    functions(unresolveElement(this),_,6)
+    functions(underlyingElement(this),_,6)
  }

  /** Gets a dummy location for the built-in function. */
--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Include.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Include.qll
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class Include extends PreprocessorDirective, @ppd_include {
  string getIncludeText() { result = getHead() }

  /** Gets the file directly included by this `#include`. */
-  File getIncludedFile() { includes(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }
+  File getIncludedFile() { includes(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }

  /**
   * Gets a file which might be transitively included by this `#include`.
--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Initializer.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Initializer.qll
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import semmle.code.cpp.controlflow.ControlFlowGraph
 * A C/C++ declaration initializer.
 */
 class Initializer extends ControlFlowNode, @initialiser {
-  override Location getLocation() { initialisers(unresolveElement(this),_,_,result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { initialisers(underlyingElement(this),_,_,result) }

  /** Holds if this initializer is explicit in the source. */
  override predicate fromSource() {
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ class Initializer extends ControlFlowNode, @initialiser {
  }

  /** Gets the variable or enum constant being initialized. */
-  Declaration getDeclaration() { initialisers(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_,_) }
+  Declaration getDeclaration() { initialisers(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_,_) }

  /** Gets the initializing expression. */
-  Expr getExpr() { initialisers(unresolveElement(this),_,unresolveElement(result),_) }
+  Expr getExpr() { initialisers(underlyingElement(this),_,unresolveElement(result),_) }

  /** Gets the function containing this control-flow node. */
  override Function getControlFlowScope() {
--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Macro.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Macro.qll
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ class Macro extends PreprocessorDirective, @ppd_define {
   * Gets the head of this macro. For example, `MAX(x,y)` in
   * `#define MAX(x,y) (((x)>(y))?(x):(y))`.
   */
-  override string getHead() { preproctext(unresolveElement(this),result,_) }
+  override string getHead() { preproctext(underlyingElement(this),result,_) }

  /**
   * Gets the body of this macro. For example, `(((x)>(y))?(x):(y))` in
   * `#define MAX(x,y) (((x)>(y))?(x):(y))`.
   */
-  string getBody() { preproctext(unresolveElement(this),_,result) }
+  string getBody() { preproctext(underlyingElement(this),_,result) }

  /** Gets an invocation of this macro. */
  MacroInvocation getAnInvocation() { result.getMacro() = this }
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class Macro extends PreprocessorDirective, @ppd_define {
 */
 class MacroAccess extends Locatable, @macroinvocation {
  /** Gets the macro being invoked. */
-  Macro getMacro() { macroinvocations(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_,_) }
+  Macro getMacro() { macroinvocations(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_,_) }

  /**
   * Gets the location of the outermost macro access that triggered this macro
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class MacroAccess extends Locatable, @macroinvocation {
   * a `#define` directive or inside an argument to another macro.
   */
  Location getActualLocation() {
-    macroinvocations(unresolveElement(this),_,result,_)
+    macroinvocations(underlyingElement(this),_,result,_)
  }

  /**
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ class MacroAccess extends Locatable, @macroinvocation {
   * There is only a single invocation even though `c` occurs twice; this is an
   * optimization for efficiency.
   */
-  MacroInvocation getParentInvocation() { macroparent(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }
+  MacroInvocation getParentInvocation() { macroparent(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }

  /**
   * Gets the outermost `MacroAccess` along the chain of `getParentInvocation`.
@@ -137,14 +137,14 @@ class MacroAccess extends Locatable, @macroinvocation {
 */
 class MacroInvocation extends MacroAccess {
  MacroInvocation() {
-    macroinvocations(unresolveElement(this),_,_,1)
+    macroinvocations(underlyingElement(this),_,_,1)
  }

  /**
   * Gets an element that occurs in this macro invocation or a nested macro
   * invocation.
   */
-  Locatable getAnExpandedElement() { inmacroexpansion(unresolveElement(result),unresolveElement(this)) }
+  Locatable getAnExpandedElement() { inmacroexpansion(unresolveElement(result),underlyingElement(this)) }

  /**
   * Gets an element that is (partially) affected by a macro
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ class MacroInvocation extends MacroAccess {
   * well.
   */
  Locatable getAnAffectedElement() {
-    inmacroexpansion(unresolveElement(result),unresolveElement(this)) or macrolocationbind(unresolveElement(this), result.getLocation())
+    inmacroexpansion(unresolveElement(result),underlyingElement(this)) or macrolocationbind(underlyingElement(this), result.getLocation())
  }

  /**
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ class MacroInvocation extends MacroAccess {
   * Use `getExpandedArgument` to get the expanded form.
   */
  string getUnexpandedArgument(int i) {
-    macro_argument_unexpanded(unresolveElement(this), i, result)
+    macro_argument_unexpanded(underlyingElement(this), i, result)
  }

  /**
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ class MacroInvocation extends MacroAccess {
   * differences between expanded and unexpanded arguments.
   */
  string getExpandedArgument(int i) {
-    macro_argument_expanded(unresolveElement(this), i, result)
+    macro_argument_expanded(underlyingElement(this), i, result)
  }
 }

--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/NameQualifiers.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/NameQualifiers.qll
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class NameQualifier extends NameQualifiableElement, @namequalifier {

  /** Gets a location for this name qualifier. */
  override Location getLocation() {
-    namequalifiers(unresolveElement(this),_,_,result)
+    namequalifiers(underlyingElement(this),_,_,result)
  }

  /**
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class NameQualifier extends NameQualifiableElement, @namequalifier {
   * `N2::` has a name qualifier `N1::` in the chain `N1::N2::f()`.
   */
  override NameQualifier getNameQualifier() {
-    namequalifiers(unresolveElement(result),unresolveElement(this),_,_)
+    namequalifiers(unresolveElement(result),underlyingElement(this),_,_)
  }

  /**
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class NameQualifier extends NameQualifiableElement, @namequalifier {
   * in `N::f()`.
   */
  NameQualifiableElement getQualifiedElement() {
-    namequalifiers(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_,_)
+    namequalifiers(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_,_)
  }

  /**
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class NameQualifier extends NameQualifiableElement, @namequalifier {
   */
  NameQualifyingElement getQualifyingElement() {
    exists (NameQualifyingElement nqe
-    | namequalifiers(unresolveElement(this),_,unresolveElement(nqe),_) and
+    | namequalifiers(underlyingElement(this),_,unresolveElement(nqe),_) and
      if nqe instanceof SpecialNameQualifyingElement
        then (exists (Access a
              | a = getQualifiedElement() and
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class NameQualifier extends NameQualifiableElement, @namequalifier {

  override string toString() {
    exists (NameQualifyingElement nqe
-    | namequalifiers(unresolveElement(this),_,unresolveElement(nqe),_)
+    | namequalifiers(underlyingElement(this),_,unresolveElement(nqe),_)
      and result = nqe.getName() + "::")
  }
 }
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class NameQualifier extends NameQualifiableElement, @namequalifier {
 class NameQualifiableElement extends Element, @namequalifiableelement {
  /** Gets the name qualifier associated with this element. */
  NameQualifier getNameQualifier() {
-    namequalifiers(unresolveElement(result),unresolveElement(this),_,_)
+    namequalifiers(unresolveElement(result),underlyingElement(this),_,_)
  }

  /**
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class NameQualifyingElement extends Element, @namequalifyingelement {
   * `NameQualifyingElement` and `X::` is the `NameQualifier`.
   */
  NameQualifier getANameQualifier() {
-    namequalifiers(unresolveElement(result),_,unresolveElement(this),_)
+    namequalifiers(unresolveElement(result),_,underlyingElement(this),_)
  }

  /** Gets the name of this namespace or user-defined type. */
@@ -121,6 +121,6 @@ class NameQualifyingElement extends Element, @namequalifyingelement {
 library class SpecialNameQualifyingElement extends NameQualifyingElement, @specialnamequalifyingelement {
  /** Gets the name of this special qualifying element. */
  override string getName() {
-    specialnamequalifyingelements(unresolveElement(this),result)
+    specialnamequalifyingelements(underlyingElement(this),result)
  }
 }
--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Namespace.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Namespace.qll
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class Namespace extends NameQualifyingElement, @namespace {
  }

  /** Gets the simple name of this namespace. */
-  override string getName() { namespaces(unresolveElement(this),result) }
+  override string getName() { namespaces(underlyingElement(this),result) }

  /** Holds if this element is named `name`. */
  predicate hasName(string name) { name = this.getName() }
@@ -56,15 +56,15 @@ class Namespace extends NameQualifyingElement, @namespace {

  /** Gets the parent namespace, if any. */
  Namespace getParentNamespace() {
-    namespacembrs(unresolveElement(result),unresolveElement(this)) or
-    (not namespacembrs(_, unresolveElement(this)) and result instanceof GlobalNamespace)
+    namespacembrs(unresolveElement(result),underlyingElement(this)) or
+    (not namespacembrs(_, underlyingElement(this)) and result instanceof GlobalNamespace)
  }

  /** Gets a child declaration of this namespace. */
-  Declaration getADeclaration() { namespacembrs(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Declaration getADeclaration() { namespacembrs(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }

  /** Gets a child namespace of this namespace. */
-  Namespace getAChildNamespace() { namespacembrs(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Namespace getAChildNamespace() { namespacembrs(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }

  /** Holds if this namespace may be from source. */
  override predicate fromSource() { this.getADeclaration().fromSource() }
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class NamespaceDeclarationEntry extends Locatable, @namespace_decl {
   * is a one-to-many relationship between `Namespace` and
   * `NamespaceDeclarationEntry`.
   */
-  Namespace getNamespace() { namespace_decls(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_,_) }
+  Namespace getNamespace() { namespace_decls(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_,_) }

  override string toString() { result = this.getNamespace().toString() }

@@ -120,20 +120,20 @@ class NamespaceDeclarationEntry extends Locatable, @namespace_decl {
   * For anonymous declarations, such as "namespace { ... }", this will
   * give the "namespace" token.
   */
-  override Location getLocation() { namespace_decls(unresolveElement(this),_,result,_) }
+  override Location getLocation() { namespace_decls(underlyingElement(this),_,result,_) }

  /**
   * Gets the location of the namespace declaration entry's body. For
   * example: the "{ ... }" in "namespace N { ... }".
   */
-  Location getBodyLocation() { namespace_decls(unresolveElement(this),_,_,result) }
+  Location getBodyLocation() { namespace_decls(underlyingElement(this),_,_,result) }
 }

 /**
 * A C++ `using` directive or `using` declaration.
 */
 abstract class UsingEntry extends Locatable, @using {
-  override Location getLocation() { usings(unresolveElement(this),_,result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { usings(underlyingElement(this),_,result) }
 }

 /**
@@ -142,13 +142,13 @@ abstract class UsingEntry extends Locatable, @using {
 *   `using std::string;`
 */
 class UsingDeclarationEntry extends UsingEntry {
-  UsingDeclarationEntry() { not exists(Namespace n | usings(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(n),_)) }
+  UsingDeclarationEntry() { not exists(Namespace n | usings(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(n),_)) }

  /**
   * Gets the declaration that is referenced by this using declaration. For
   * example, `std::string` in `using std::string`.
   */
-  Declaration getDeclaration() { usings(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_) }
+  Declaration getDeclaration() { usings(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_) }

  override string toString() {
    result = "using " + this.getDeclaration().toString()
@@ -161,13 +161,13 @@ class UsingDeclarationEntry extends UsingEntry {
 *   `using namespace std;`
 */
 class UsingDirectiveEntry extends UsingEntry {
-  UsingDirectiveEntry() { exists(Namespace n | usings(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(n),_)) }
+  UsingDirectiveEntry() { exists(Namespace n | usings(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(n),_)) }

  /**
   * Gets the namespace that is referenced by this using directive. For
   * example, `std` in `using namespace std`.
   */
-  Namespace getNamespace() { usings(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_) }
+  Namespace getNamespace() { usings(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_) }

  override string toString() {
    result = "using namespace " + this.getNamespace().toString()
--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Parameter.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Parameter.qll
@@ -102,20 +102,20 @@ class Parameter extends LocalScopeVariable, @parameter {
   * Gets the function to which this parameter belongs, if it is a function
   * parameter.
   */
-  override Function getFunction() { params(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_,_) }
+  override Function getFunction() { params(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_,_) }

  /**
   * Gets the catch block to which this parameter belongs, if it is a catch
   * block parameter.
   */
-  Block getCatchBlock() { params(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_,_) }
+  Block getCatchBlock() { params(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_,_) }

  /**
   * Gets the zero-based index of this parameter.
   *
   * For catch block parameters, this is always zero.
   */
-  int getIndex() { params(unresolveElement(this),_,result,_) }
+  int getIndex() { params(underlyingElement(this),_,result,_) }

  /**
   * Gets the type of this parameter.
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ class Parameter extends LocalScopeVariable, @parameter {
   * as they are syntactic sugar for parameters of pointer type. The
   * result is an array type for such parameters.
   */
-  override Type getType() { params(unresolveElement(this),_,_,unresolveElement(result)) }
+  override Type getType() { params(underlyingElement(this),_,_,unresolveElement(result)) }

  /**
   * Gets the canonical location, or locations, of this parameter.
--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Preprocessor.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Preprocessor.qll
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ import semmle.code.cpp.Element
 */
 class PreprocessorDirective extends Locatable, @preprocdirect {
  override string toString() { result = "Preprocessor directive" }
-  override Location getLocation() { preprocdirects(unresolveElement(this),_,result) }
-  string getHead() { preproctext(unresolveElement(this),result,_) }
+  override Location getLocation() { preprocdirects(underlyingElement(this),_,result) }
+  string getHead() { preproctext(underlyingElement(this),result,_) }

  /**
   * Gets a preprocessor branching directive whose condition affects
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ abstract class PreprocessorBranchDirective extends PreprocessorDirective {
    result = (PreprocessorIf)this or
    result = (PreprocessorIfdef)this or
    result = (PreprocessorIfndef)this or
-    preprocpair(unresolveElement(result), unresolveElement(this))
+    preprocpair(unresolveElement(result), underlyingElement(this))
  }

  /**
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ class PreprocessorBranch extends PreprocessorBranchDirective, @ppd_branch {
   * condition and subsequently took the branch.
   */
  predicate wasTaken() {
-    preproctrue(unresolveElement(this))
+    preproctrue(underlyingElement(this))
  }

  /**
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class PreprocessorBranch extends PreprocessorBranchDirective, @ppd_branch {
   * `#else` was taken instead.
   */
  predicate wasNotTaken() {
-    preprocfalse(unresolveElement(this))
+    preprocfalse(underlyingElement(this))
  }

  /**
--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Specifier.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Specifier.qll
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class Specifier extends Element, @specifier {
  }

  /** Gets the name of this specifier. */
-  string getName() { specifiers(unresolveElement(this),result) }
+  string getName() { specifiers(underlyingElement(this),result) }

  /** Holds if the name of this specifier is `name`. */
  predicate hasName(string name) { name = this.getName() }
@@ -114,9 +114,9 @@ class Attribute extends Element, @attribute {
   * Note that the name does not include the namespace. For example, the
   * name of `[[clang::fallthrough]]` is "fallthrough".
   */
-  string getName() { attributes(unresolveElement(this), _, result, _, _) }
+  string getName() { attributes(underlyingElement(this), _, result, _, _) }

-  override Location getLocation() { attributes(unresolveElement(this), _, _, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { attributes(underlyingElement(this), _, _, _, result) }

  /** Holds if the name of this attribute is `name`. */
  predicate hasName(string name) { name = this.getName() }
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ class StdAttribute extends Attribute, @stdattribute {
   * As examples, this is "" for `[[carries_dependency]]`, and "clang" for
   * `[[clang::fallthrough]]`.
   */
-  string getNamespace() { attributes(unresolveElement(this), _, _, result, _) }
+  string getNamespace() { attributes(underlyingElement(this), _, _, result, _) }

  /**
   * Holds if this attribute has the given namespace and name.
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ class AttributeArgument extends Element, @attribute_arg {
   * have a named argument.
   */
  string getName() {
-    attribute_arg_name(unresolveElement(this), result)
+    attribute_arg_name(underlyingElement(this), result)
  }

  /**
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ class AttributeArgument extends Element, @attribute_arg {
   * a string or a number.
   */
  string getValueText() {
-    attribute_arg_value(unresolveElement(this), result)
+    attribute_arg_value(underlyingElement(this), result)
  }

  /**
@@ -271,14 +271,14 @@ class AttributeArgument extends Element, @attribute_arg {
   * Gets the value of this argument, if its value is a type.
   */
  Type getValueType() {
-    attribute_arg_type(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result))
+    attribute_arg_type(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result))
  }

  /**
   * Gets the attribute to which this is an argument.
   */
  Attribute getAttribute() {
-    attribute_args(unresolveElement(this), _, unresolveElement(result), _, _)
+    attribute_args(underlyingElement(this), _, unresolveElement(result), _, _)
  }

  /**
@@ -286,11 +286,11 @@ class AttributeArgument extends Element, @attribute_arg {
   * attribute's argument list.
   */
  int getIndex() {
-    attribute_args(unresolveElement(this), _, _, result, _)
+    attribute_args(underlyingElement(this), _, _, result, _)
  }

  override Location getLocation() {
-    attribute_args(unresolveElement(this), _, _, _, result)
+    attribute_args(underlyingElement(this), _, _, _, result)
  }

  override string toString() {
--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Struct.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Struct.qll
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import semmle.code.cpp.Class
 */
 class Struct extends Class {

-  Struct() { usertypes(unresolveElement(this),_,1) or usertypes(unresolveElement(this),_,3) }
+  Struct() { usertypes(underlyingElement(this),_,1) or usertypes(underlyingElement(this),_,3) }

  override string explain() { result =  "struct " + this.getName() }

--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Type.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Type.qll
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class Type extends Locatable, @type {
  // inherits from both Type and Declaration and must override it to resolve
  // the ambiguity.
  Specifier getASpecifier() {
-    typespecifiers(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result))
+    typespecifiers(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result))
    or
    result = this.internal_getAnAdditionalSpecifier()
  }
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class Type extends Locatable, @type {
  /**
   * Gets an attribute of this type.
   */
-  Attribute getAnAttribute() { typeattributes(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Attribute getAnAttribute() { typeattributes(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }

  /**
   * Internal -- should be `protected` when QL supports such a flag. Subtypes
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ class Type extends Locatable, @type {
   *
   * For example, starting with `const i64* const` in the context of `typedef long long i64;`, this predicate will return `long long*`.
   */
-  Type getUnspecifiedType() { unspecifiedtype(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Type getUnspecifiedType() { unspecifiedtype(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }

  /**
   * Gets this type after any top-level specifiers and typedefs have been stripped.
@@ -111,18 +111,18 @@ class Type extends Locatable, @type {
   * Gets the size of this type in bytes.
   */
  int getSize() {
-       builtintypes(unresolveElement(this), _, _, result, _, _)
-    or pointerishsize(unresolveElement(this), result, _)
-    or usertypesize(unresolveElement(this), result, _)
+       builtintypes(underlyingElement(this), _, _, result, _, _)
+    or pointerishsize(underlyingElement(this), result, _)
+    or usertypesize(underlyingElement(this), result, _)
  }

  /**
   * Gets the alignment of this type in bytes.
   */
  int getAlignment() {
-       builtintypes(unresolveElement(this), _, _, _, _, result)
-    or pointerishsize(unresolveElement(this), _, result)
-    or usertypesize(unresolveElement(this), _, result)
+       builtintypes(underlyingElement(this), _, _, _, _, result)
+    or pointerishsize(underlyingElement(this), _, result)
+    or usertypesize(underlyingElement(this), _, result)
  }

  /**
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ class Type extends Locatable, @type {
 class BuiltInType extends Type, @builtintype {
  override string toString() { result = this.getName() }

-  override string getName() { builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),result,_,_,_,_) }
+  override string getName() { builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),result,_,_,_,_) }

  override string explain() { result = this.getName() }

@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ class BuiltInType extends Type, @builtintype {
 */
 class ErroneousType extends BuiltInType {

-  ErroneousType() { builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,1,_,_,_) }
+  ErroneousType() { builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,1,_,_,_) }

 }

@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ class ErroneousType extends BuiltInType {
 */
 class UnknownType extends BuiltInType {

-  UnknownType() { builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,2,_,_,_) }
+  UnknownType() { builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,2,_,_,_) }

 }

@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ private predicate isArithmeticType(@builtintype type, int kind) {
 */
 class ArithmeticType extends BuiltInType {
  ArithmeticType() {
-    isArithmeticType(unresolveElement(this), _)
+    isArithmeticType(underlyingElement(this), _)
  }
 }

@@ -357,14 +357,14 @@ class IntegralOrEnumType extends Type {
  IntegralOrEnumType() {
    // Integral type
    exists(int kind |
-      isArithmeticType(unresolveElement(this), kind) and
+      isArithmeticType(underlyingElement(this), kind) and
      (kind < 24 or kind = 33 or (35 <= kind and kind <= 37) or
        kind = 43 or kind = 44)
    ) or
    // Enum type
    (
-      usertypes(unresolveElement(this), _, 4) or
-      usertypes(unresolveElement(this), _, 13)
+      usertypes(underlyingElement(this), _, 4) or
+      usertypes(underlyingElement(this), _, 13)
    )
  }
 }
@@ -375,33 +375,33 @@ class IntegralOrEnumType extends Type {
 class IntegralType extends ArithmeticType, IntegralOrEnumType {
  /** Holds if this integral type is signed. */
  predicate isSigned() {
-    builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,_,_,-1,_)
+    builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,_,_,-1,_)
  }

  /** Holds if this integral type is unsigned. */
  predicate isUnsigned() {
-    builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,_,_,1,_)
+    builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,_,_,1,_)
  }

  /** Holds if this integral type is explicitly signed. */
  predicate isExplicitlySigned() {
-    builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,7,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,10,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,13,_,_,_) or
-    builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,16,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,19,_,_,_) or
-    builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,37,_,_,_)
+    builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,7,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,10,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,13,_,_,_) or
+    builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,16,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,19,_,_,_) or
+    builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,37,_,_,_)
  }

  /** Holds if this integral type is explicitly unsigned. */
  predicate isExplicitlyUnsigned() {
-    builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,6,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,9,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,12,_,_,_) or
-    builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,15,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,18,_,_,_) or
-    builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,36,_,_,_)
+    builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,6,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,9,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,12,_,_,_) or
+    builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,15,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,18,_,_,_) or
+    builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,36,_,_,_)
  }

  /** Holds if this integral type is implicitly signed. */
  predicate isImplicitlySigned() {
-    builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,5,_,-1,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,8,_,-1,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,11,_,-1,_) or
-    builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,14,_,-1,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,17,_,-1,_) or
-    builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,35,_,-1,_)
+    builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,5,_,-1,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,8,_,-1,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,11,_,-1,_) or
+    builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,14,_,-1,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,17,_,-1,_) or
+    builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,35,_,-1,_)
  }

  /**
@@ -409,12 +409,12 @@ class IntegralType extends ArithmeticType, IntegralOrEnumType {
   * example on a `short`, this would give the type `unsigned short`.
   */
  IntegralType getUnsigned() {
-       (builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_, 5,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_, 6,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_, 7,_,_,_)) and builtintypes(unresolveElement(result),_, 6,_,_,_)
-    or (builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_, 8,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_, 9,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,10,_,_,_)) and builtintypes(unresolveElement(result),_, 9,_,_,_)
-    or (builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,11,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,12,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,13,_,_,_)) and builtintypes(unresolveElement(result),_,12,_,_,_)
-    or (builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,14,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,15,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,16,_,_,_)) and builtintypes(unresolveElement(result),_,15,_,_,_)
-    or (builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,17,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,18,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,19,_,_,_)) and builtintypes(unresolveElement(result),_,18,_,_,_)
-    or (builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,35,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,36,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,37,_,_,_)) and builtintypes(unresolveElement(result),_,36,_,_,_)
+       (builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_, 5,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_, 6,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_, 7,_,_,_)) and builtintypes(unresolveElement(result),_, 6,_,_,_)
+    or (builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_, 8,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_, 9,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,10,_,_,_)) and builtintypes(unresolveElement(result),_, 9,_,_,_)
+    or (builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,11,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,12,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,13,_,_,_)) and builtintypes(unresolveElement(result),_,12,_,_,_)
+    or (builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,14,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,15,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,16,_,_,_)) and builtintypes(unresolveElement(result),_,15,_,_,_)
+    or (builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,17,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,18,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,19,_,_,_)) and builtintypes(unresolveElement(result),_,18,_,_,_)
+    or (builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,35,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,36,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,37,_,_,_)) and builtintypes(unresolveElement(result),_,36,_,_,_)
  }
 }

@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ class IntegralType extends ArithmeticType, IntegralOrEnumType {
 */
 class BoolType extends IntegralType {

-  BoolType() { builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,4,_,_,_) }
+  BoolType() { builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,4,_,_,_) }

 }

@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ abstract class CharType extends IntegralType { }
 */
 class PlainCharType extends CharType {
  PlainCharType() {
-    builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,5,_,_,_)
+    builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,5,_,_,_)
  }
 }

@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ class PlainCharType extends CharType {
 */
 class UnsignedCharType extends CharType {
  UnsignedCharType() {
-    builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,6,_,_,_)
+    builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,6,_,_,_)
  }
 }

@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ class UnsignedCharType extends CharType {
 */
 class SignedCharType extends CharType {
  SignedCharType() {
-    builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,7,_,_,_)
+    builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,7,_,_,_)
  }
 }

@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ class SignedCharType extends CharType {
 class ShortType extends IntegralType {

  ShortType() {
-    builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,8,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,9,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,10,_,_,_)
+    builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,8,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,9,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,10,_,_,_)
  }

 }
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ class ShortType extends IntegralType {
 class IntType extends IntegralType {

  IntType() {
-    builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,11,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,12,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,13,_,_,_)
+    builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,11,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,12,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,13,_,_,_)
  }

 }
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ class IntType extends IntegralType {
 class LongType extends IntegralType {

  LongType() {
-    builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,14,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,15,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,16,_,_,_)
+    builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,14,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,15,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,16,_,_,_)
  }

 }
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ class LongType extends IntegralType {
 class LongLongType extends IntegralType {

  LongLongType() {
-    builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,17,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,18,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,19,_,_,_)
+    builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,17,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,18,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,19,_,_,_)
  }

 }
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ class LongLongType extends IntegralType {
 class Int128Type extends IntegralType {

  Int128Type() {
-    builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,35,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,36,_,_,_) or builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,37,_,_,_)
+    builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,35,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,36,_,_,_) or builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,37,_,_,_)
  }

 }
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ class Int128Type extends IntegralType {
 class FloatingPointType extends ArithmeticType {

  FloatingPointType() {
-    exists(int kind | builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,kind,_,_,_) and ((kind >= 24 and kind <= 32) or (kind = 38)))
+    exists(int kind | builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,kind,_,_,_) and ((kind >= 24 and kind <= 32) or (kind = 38)))
  }

 }
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ class FloatingPointType extends ArithmeticType {
 */
 class FloatType extends FloatingPointType {

-  FloatType() { builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,24,_,_,_) }
+  FloatType() { builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,24,_,_,_) }

 }

@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ class FloatType extends FloatingPointType {
 */
 class DoubleType extends FloatingPointType {

-  DoubleType() { builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,25,_,_,_) }
+  DoubleType() { builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,25,_,_,_) }

 }

@@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ class DoubleType extends FloatingPointType {
 */
 class LongDoubleType extends FloatingPointType {

-  LongDoubleType() { builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,26,_,_,_) }
+  LongDoubleType() { builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,26,_,_,_) }

 }

@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ class LongDoubleType extends FloatingPointType {
 */
 class Float128Type extends FloatingPointType {

-  Float128Type() { builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,38,_,_,_) }
+  Float128Type() { builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,38,_,_,_) }

 }

@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ class Float128Type extends FloatingPointType {
 */
 class Decimal32Type extends FloatingPointType {

-  Decimal32Type() { builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,40,_,_,_) }
+  Decimal32Type() { builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,40,_,_,_) }

 }

@@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ class Decimal32Type extends FloatingPointType {
 */
 class Decimal64Type extends FloatingPointType {

-  Decimal64Type() { builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,41,_,_,_) }
+  Decimal64Type() { builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,41,_,_,_) }

 }

@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ class Decimal64Type extends FloatingPointType {
 */
 class Decimal128Type extends FloatingPointType {

-  Decimal128Type() { builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,42,_,_,_) }
+  Decimal128Type() { builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,42,_,_,_) }

 }

@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ class Decimal128Type extends FloatingPointType {
 */
 class VoidType extends BuiltInType {

-  VoidType() { builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,3,_,_,_) }
+  VoidType() { builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,3,_,_,_) }

 }

@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ class VoidType extends BuiltInType {
 */
 class WideCharType extends IntegralType {

-  WideCharType() { builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,33,_,_,_) }
+  WideCharType() { builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,33,_,_,_) }

 }

@@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ class WideCharType extends IntegralType {
 */
 class Char16Type extends IntegralType {

-  Char16Type() { builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,43,_,_,_) }
+  Char16Type() { builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,43,_,_,_) }

 }

@@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ class Char16Type extends IntegralType {
 */
 class Char32Type extends IntegralType {

-  Char32Type() { builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,44,_,_,_) }
+  Char32Type() { builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,44,_,_,_) }

 }

@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ class Char32Type extends IntegralType {
 * Instead, this is the unspeakable type given by `decltype(nullptr)`.
 */
 class NullPointerType extends BuiltInType {
-  NullPointerType() { builtintypes(unresolveElement(this),_,34,_,_,_) }
+  NullPointerType() { builtintypes(underlyingElement(this),_,34,_,_,_) }
 }

 /**
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ class NullPointerType extends BuiltInType {
 class DerivedType extends Type, @derivedtype {
  override string toString() { result = this.getName() }

-  override string getName() { derivedtypes(unresolveElement(this),result,_,_) }
+  override string getName() { derivedtypes(underlyingElement(this),result,_,_) }

  /**
   * Gets the base type of this derived type.
@@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ class DerivedType extends Type, @derivedtype {
   * This predicate strips off one level of decoration from a type. For example, it returns `char*` for the PointerType `char**`,
   * `const int` for the ReferenceType `const int&amp;`, and `long` for the SpecifiedType `volatile long`.
   */
-  Type getBaseType() { derivedtypes(unresolveElement(this),_,_,unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Type getBaseType() { derivedtypes(underlyingElement(this),_,_,unresolveElement(result)) }

  override predicate refersToDirectly(Type t) { t = this.getBaseType() }

@@ -700,14 +700,14 @@ class Decltype extends Type, @decltype {
   * The expression whose type is being obtained by this decltype.
   */
  Expr getExpr() {
-    decltypes(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _, _)
+    decltypes(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _, _)
  }

  /**
   * The type immediately yielded by this decltype.
   */
  Type getBaseType() {
-    decltypes(unresolveElement(this), _, unresolveElement(result), _)
+    decltypes(underlyingElement(this), _, unresolveElement(result), _)
  }

  /**
@@ -721,7 +721,7 @@ class Decltype extends Type, @decltype {
   * Consult the C++11 standard for more details.
   */
  predicate parenthesesWouldChangeMeaning() {
-    decltypes(unresolveElement(this), _, _, true)
+    decltypes(underlyingElement(this), _, _, true)
  }

  override Type getUnderlyingType() {
@@ -794,7 +794,7 @@ class Decltype extends Type, @decltype {
 */
 class PointerType extends DerivedType {

-  PointerType() { derivedtypes(unresolveElement(this),_,1,_) }
+  PointerType() { derivedtypes(underlyingElement(this),_,1,_) }

  override int getPointerIndirectionLevel() {
    result = 1 + this.getBaseType().getPointerIndirectionLevel()
@@ -817,7 +817,7 @@ class PointerType extends DerivedType {
 */
 class ReferenceType extends DerivedType {

-  ReferenceType() { derivedtypes(unresolveElement(this),_,2,_) or derivedtypes(unresolveElement(this),_,8,_) }
+  ReferenceType() { derivedtypes(underlyingElement(this),_,2,_) or derivedtypes(underlyingElement(this),_,8,_) }

  override int getPointerIndirectionLevel() {
    result = getBaseType().getPointerIndirectionLevel()
@@ -842,14 +842,14 @@ class ReferenceType extends DerivedType {
 * A C++11 lvalue reference type (e.g. int&amp;).
 */
 class LValueReferenceType extends ReferenceType {
-  LValueReferenceType() { derivedtypes(unresolveElement(this),_,2,_) }
+  LValueReferenceType() { derivedtypes(underlyingElement(this),_,2,_) }
 }

 /**
 * A C++11 rvalue reference type (e.g. int&amp;&amp;).
 */
 class RValueReferenceType extends ReferenceType {
-  RValueReferenceType() { derivedtypes(unresolveElement(this),_,8,_) }
+  RValueReferenceType() { derivedtypes(underlyingElement(this),_,8,_) }

  override string explain() { result = "rvalue " + super.explain() }
 }
@@ -859,7 +859,7 @@ class RValueReferenceType extends ReferenceType {
 */
 class SpecifiedType extends DerivedType {

-  SpecifiedType() { derivedtypes(unresolveElement(this),_,3,_) }
+  SpecifiedType() { derivedtypes(underlyingElement(this),_,3,_) }

  override int getSize() { result = this.getBaseType().getSize() }

@@ -901,14 +901,14 @@ class SpecifiedType extends DerivedType {
 */
 class ArrayType extends DerivedType {

-  ArrayType() { derivedtypes(unresolveElement(this),_,4,_) }
+  ArrayType() { derivedtypes(underlyingElement(this),_,4,_) }

-  predicate hasArraySize() { arraysizes(unresolveElement(this),_,_,_) }
-  int getArraySize() { arraysizes(unresolveElement(this),result,_,_) }
+  predicate hasArraySize() { arraysizes(underlyingElement(this),_,_,_) }
+  int getArraySize() { arraysizes(underlyingElement(this),result,_,_) }

-  int getByteSize() { arraysizes(unresolveElement(this),_,result,_) }
+  int getByteSize() { arraysizes(underlyingElement(this),_,result,_) }

-  override int getAlignment() { arraysizes(unresolveElement(this), _, _, result) }
+  override int getAlignment() { arraysizes(underlyingElement(this), _, _, result) }

  /**
   * Gets the size of this array (only valid for arrays declared to be of a constant
@@ -941,7 +941,7 @@ class ArrayType extends DerivedType {
 */
 class GNUVectorType extends DerivedType {

-  GNUVectorType() { derivedtypes(unresolveElement(this),_,5,_) }
+  GNUVectorType() { derivedtypes(underlyingElement(this),_,5,_) }

  /**
   * Get the number of elements in this vector type.
@@ -952,7 +952,7 @@ class GNUVectorType extends DerivedType {
   * the number of elements is the value in the attribute divided by the size
   * of a single element.
   */
-  int getNumElements() { arraysizes(unresolveElement(this),result,_,_) }
+  int getNumElements() { arraysizes(underlyingElement(this),result,_,_) }

  /**
   * Gets the size, in bytes, of this vector type.
@@ -963,9 +963,9 @@ class GNUVectorType extends DerivedType {
   * attribute, the byte size is the value in the attribute multiplied by the
   * byte size of a single element.
   */
-  override int getSize() { arraysizes(unresolveElement(this),_,result,_) }
+  override int getSize() { arraysizes(underlyingElement(this),_,result,_) }

-  override int getAlignment() { arraysizes(unresolveElement(this), _, _, result) }
+  override int getAlignment() { arraysizes(underlyingElement(this), _, _, result) }

  override string explain() { result = "GNU " + getNumElements() + " element vector of {" + this.getBaseType().explain() + "}" }

@@ -978,7 +978,7 @@ class GNUVectorType extends DerivedType {
 */
 class FunctionPointerType extends FunctionPointerIshType {
  FunctionPointerType() {
-    derivedtypes(unresolveElement(this),_,6,_)
+    derivedtypes(underlyingElement(this),_,6,_)
  }

  override int getPointerIndirectionLevel() {
@@ -993,7 +993,7 @@ class FunctionPointerType extends FunctionPointerIshType {
 */
 class FunctionReferenceType extends FunctionPointerIshType {
  FunctionReferenceType() {
-    derivedtypes(unresolveElement(this),_,7,_)
+    derivedtypes(underlyingElement(this),_,7,_)
  }

  override int getPointerIndirectionLevel() {
@@ -1011,7 +1011,7 @@ class FunctionReferenceType extends FunctionPointerIshType {
 */
 class BlockType extends FunctionPointerIshType {
  BlockType() {
-    derivedtypes(unresolveElement(this),_,10,_)
+    derivedtypes(underlyingElement(this),_,10,_)
  }

  override int getPointerIndirectionLevel() {
@@ -1026,24 +1026,24 @@ class BlockType extends FunctionPointerIshType {
 */
 class FunctionPointerIshType extends DerivedType {
  FunctionPointerIshType() {
-    derivedtypes(unresolveElement(this),_,6, _) or
-    derivedtypes(unresolveElement(this),_,7, _) or
-    derivedtypes(unresolveElement(this),_,10,_)
+    derivedtypes(underlyingElement(this),_,6, _) or
+    derivedtypes(underlyingElement(this),_,7, _) or
+    derivedtypes(underlyingElement(this),_,10,_)
  }

  /** the return type of this function pointer type */
  Type getReturnType() {
-    exists(RoutineType t | derivedtypes(unresolveElement(this),_,_,unresolveElement(t)) and result = t.getReturnType())
+    exists(RoutineType t | derivedtypes(underlyingElement(this),_,_,unresolveElement(t)) and result = t.getReturnType())
  }

  /** the type of the ith argument of this function pointer type */
  Type getParameterType(int i) {
-    exists(RoutineType t | derivedtypes(unresolveElement(this),_,_,unresolveElement(t)) and result = t.getParameterType(i))
+    exists(RoutineType t | derivedtypes(underlyingElement(this),_,_,unresolveElement(t)) and result = t.getParameterType(i))
  }

  /** the type of an argument of this function pointer type */
  Type getAParameterType() {
-    exists(RoutineType t | derivedtypes(unresolveElement(this),_,_,unresolveElement(t)) and result = t.getAParameterType())
+    exists(RoutineType t | derivedtypes(underlyingElement(this),_,_,unresolveElement(t)) and result = t.getAParameterType())
  }

  /** the number of arguments of this function pointer type */
@@ -1070,10 +1070,10 @@ class PointerToMemberType extends Type, @ptrtomember {
  override string getName() { result = "..:: *" }

  /** the base type of this pointer to member type */
-  Type getBaseType() { ptrtomembers(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_) }
+  Type getBaseType() { ptrtomembers(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_) }

  /** the class referred by this pointer to member type */
-  Type getClass() { ptrtomembers(unresolveElement(this),_,unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Type getClass() { ptrtomembers(underlyingElement(this),_,unresolveElement(result)) }

  override predicate refersToDirectly(Type t) {
    t = this.getBaseType() or
@@ -1102,11 +1102,11 @@ class RoutineType extends Type, @routinetype {

  override string getName() { result = "..()(..)" }

-  Type getParameterType(int n) { routinetypeargs(unresolveElement(this),n,unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Type getParameterType(int n) { routinetypeargs(underlyingElement(this),n,unresolveElement(result)) }

-  Type getAParameterType() { routinetypeargs(unresolveElement(this),_,unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Type getAParameterType() { routinetypeargs(underlyingElement(this),_,unresolveElement(result)) }

-  Type getReturnType() { routinetypes(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Type getReturnType() { routinetypes(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }

  override string explain() {
      result = "function returning {" + this.getReturnType().explain() +
@@ -1153,9 +1153,9 @@ class RoutineType extends Type, @routinetype {
 */
 class TemplateParameter extends UserType
 {
-  TemplateParameter() { usertypes(unresolveElement(this), _, 7) or usertypes(unresolveElement(this), _, 8) }
+  TemplateParameter() { usertypes(underlyingElement(this), _, 7) or usertypes(underlyingElement(this), _, 8) }

-  override string getName() { usertypes(unresolveElement(this), result, _) }
+  override string getName() { usertypes(underlyingElement(this), result, _) }

  override predicate involvesTemplateParameter() {
    any()
@@ -1166,7 +1166,7 @@ class TemplateParameter extends UserType
 class TemplateTemplateParameter extends TemplateParameter
 {
  TemplateTemplateParameter() {
-    usertypes(unresolveElement(this), _, 8)
+    usertypes(underlyingElement(this), _, 8)
  }
 }

@@ -1175,7 +1175,7 @@ class TemplateTemplateParameter extends TemplateParameter
 */
 class AutoType extends TemplateParameter
 {
-  AutoType() { usertypes(unresolveElement(this), "auto", 7) }
+  AutoType() { usertypes(underlyingElement(this), "auto", 7) }

  override Location getLocation() {
    suppressUnusedThis(this) and
@@ -1209,8 +1209,8 @@ class TypeMention extends Locatable, @type_mention {
  /**
   * Gets the type being referenced by this type mention.
   */
-  Type getMentionedType() { type_mentions(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _, _) }
+  Type getMentionedType() { type_mentions(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _, _) }
  
-  override Location getLocation() { type_mentions(unresolveElement(this), _, result, _)}
+  override Location getLocation() { type_mentions(underlyingElement(this), _, result, _)}
 }

--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/TypedefType.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/TypedefType.qll
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ private import semmle.code.cpp.internal.Type
 */
 class TypedefType extends UserType {

-  TypedefType() { usertypes(unresolveElement(this),_,5) }
+  TypedefType() { usertypes(underlyingElement(this),_,5) }

  /**
   * Gets the base type of this typedef type.
   */
-  Type getBaseType() { typedefbase(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Type getBaseType() { typedefbase(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }

  override Type getUnderlyingType() { result = this.getBaseType().getUnderlyingType() }

--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Union.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Union.qll
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import semmle.code.cpp.Struct
 */
 class Union extends Struct  {

-  Union() { usertypes(unresolveElement(this),_,3)  }
+  Union() { usertypes(underlyingElement(this),_,3)  }

  override string explain() { result =  "union " + this.getName() }

--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/UserType.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/UserType.qll
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ private import semmle.code.cpp.internal.Type
 */
 class UserType extends Type, Declaration, NameQualifyingElement, AccessHolder, @usertype {
  /** the name of this type */
-  override string getName() { usertypes(unresolveElement(this),result,_) }
+  override string getName() { usertypes(underlyingElement(this),result,_) }

  /** the simple name of this type, without any template parameters */
  string getSimpleName() {
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class UserType extends Type, Declaration, NameQualifyingElement, AccessHolder, @
  }

  override predicate hasName(string name) {
-    usertypes(unresolveElement(this),name,_)
+    usertypes(underlyingElement(this),name,_)
  }
  predicate isAnonymous() {
    getName().matches("(unnamed%")
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ class UserType extends Type, Declaration, NameQualifyingElement, AccessHolder, @
  }

  override TypeDeclarationEntry getADeclarationEntry() {
-    if type_decls(_, unresolveElement(this), _) then
-      type_decls(unresolveElement(result), unresolveElement(this), _)
+    if type_decls(_, underlyingElement(this), _) then
+      type_decls(unresolveElement(result), underlyingElement(this), _)
    else
      exists(Class t | this.(Class).isConstructedFrom(t) and result = t.getADeclarationEntry())
  }
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class UserType extends Type, Declaration, NameQualifyingElement, AccessHolder, @

  /** Gets the function that directly encloses this type (if any). */
  Function getEnclosingFunction() {
-    enclosingfunction(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result))
+    enclosingfunction(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result))
  }

  /** Whether this is a local type (i.e. a type that has a directly-enclosing function). */
@@ -96,15 +96,15 @@ class TypeDeclarationEntry extends DeclarationEntry, @type_decl {
  /**
   * The type which is being declared or defined.
   */
-  override Type getType() { type_decls(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_) }
+  override Type getType() { type_decls(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_) }

-  override Location getLocation() { type_decls(unresolveElement(this),_,result) }
-  override predicate isDefinition() { type_def(unresolveElement(this)) }
+  override Location getLocation() { type_decls(underlyingElement(this),_,result) }
+  override predicate isDefinition() { type_def(underlyingElement(this)) }
  override string getASpecifier() { none() }

  /**
   * A top level type declaration entry is not declared within a function, function declaration,
   * class or typedef.
   */
-  predicate isTopLevel() { type_decl_top(unresolveElement(this)) }
+  predicate isTopLevel() { type_decl_top(underlyingElement(this)) }
 }
--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Variable.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/Variable.qll
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ class Variable extends Declaration, @variable {
   * this variable, such as `const` and `volatile`, are instead accessed
   * through `this.getType().getASpecifier()`.
   */
-  override Specifier getASpecifier() { varspecifiers(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }
+  override Specifier getASpecifier() { varspecifiers(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }

  /** Gets an attribute of this variable. */
-  Attribute getAnAttribute() { varattributes(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Attribute getAnAttribute() { varattributes(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }

  /** Holds if this variable is `const`. */
  predicate isConst() { this.getType().isConst() }
@@ -67,13 +67,13 @@ class Variable extends Declaration, @variable {
   *
   *   `const auto& c = container;`
   */
-  Type getTypeWithAuto() { autoderivation(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Type getTypeWithAuto() { autoderivation(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }

  /**
   * Holds if the type of this variable is declared using the C++ `auto`
   * keyword.
   */
-  predicate declaredUsingAutoType() { autoderivation(unresolveElement(this), _) }
+  predicate declaredUsingAutoType() { autoderivation(underlyingElement(this), _) }

  override VariableDeclarationEntry getADeclarationEntry() {
    result.getDeclaration() = this
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class Variable extends Declaration, @variable {
   * variable or from a variable nested in a template class.
   */
  predicate isConstructedFrom(Variable v) {
-    variable_instantiation(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(v))
+    variable_instantiation(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(v))
  }

  /**
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class Variable extends Declaration, @variable {
   * template variable.
   */
  Type getTemplateArgument(int index) {
-    variable_template_argument(unresolveElement(this), index, unresolveElement(result))
+    variable_template_argument(underlyingElement(this), index, unresolveElement(result))
  }

  /**
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ class Variable extends Declaration, @variable {
   *
   *    `for (char c : str) { ... }`
   */
-  predicate isCompilerGenerated() { compgenerated(unresolveElement(this)) }
+  predicate isCompilerGenerated() { compgenerated(underlyingElement(this)) }
 }

 /**
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ class VariableDeclarationEntry extends DeclarationEntry, @var_decl {
  /**
   * Gets the variable which is being declared or defined.
   */
-  Variable getVariable() { var_decls(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_,_,_) }
+  Variable getVariable() { var_decls(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_,_,_) }

  /**
   * Gets the name, if any, used for the variable at this declaration or
@@ -185,14 +185,14 @@ class VariableDeclarationEntry extends DeclarationEntry, @var_decl {
   *    int f(int y) { return y; }
   *    ```
   */
-  override string getName() { var_decls(unresolveElement(this),_,_,result,_) and result != "" }
+  override string getName() { var_decls(underlyingElement(this),_,_,result,_) and result != "" }

  /**
   * Gets the type of the variable which is being declared or defined.
   */
-  override Type getType() { var_decls(unresolveElement(this),_,unresolveElement(result),_,_) }
+  override Type getType() { var_decls(underlyingElement(this),_,unresolveElement(result),_,_) }

-  override Location getLocation() { var_decls(unresolveElement(this),_,_,_,result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { var_decls(underlyingElement(this),_,_,_,result) }

  /**
   * Holds if this is a definition of a variable.
@@ -202,9 +202,9 @@ class VariableDeclarationEntry extends DeclarationEntry, @var_decl {
   * this holds precisely when the enclosing `FunctionDeclarationEntry` is
   * a definition.
   */
-  override predicate isDefinition() { var_def(unresolveElement(this)) }
+  override predicate isDefinition() { var_def(underlyingElement(this)) }

-  override string getASpecifier() { var_decl_specifiers(unresolveElement(this),result) }
+  override string getASpecifier() { var_decl_specifiers(underlyingElement(this),result) }
 }

 /**
@@ -212,20 +212,20 @@ class VariableDeclarationEntry extends DeclarationEntry, @var_decl {
 * of a C/C++ function.
 */
 class ParameterDeclarationEntry extends VariableDeclarationEntry {
-  ParameterDeclarationEntry() { param_decl_bind(unresolveElement(this),_,_) }
+  ParameterDeclarationEntry() { param_decl_bind(underlyingElement(this),_,_) }

  /**
   * Gets the function declaration or definition which this parameter
   * description is part of.
   */
  FunctionDeclarationEntry getFunctionDeclarationEntry() {
-    param_decl_bind(unresolveElement(this),_,unresolveElement(result))
+    param_decl_bind(underlyingElement(this),_,unresolveElement(result))
  }

  /**
   * Gets the zero-based index of this parameter.
   */
-  int getIndex() { param_decl_bind(unresolveElement(this),result,_) }
+  int getIndex() { param_decl_bind(underlyingElement(this),result,_) }

  override string toString() {
    if exists(getName())
@@ -286,9 +286,9 @@ deprecated class StackVariable extends Variable {
 * scope [N4140 3.3.3], but is not a function parameter.
 */
 class LocalVariable extends LocalScopeVariable, @localvariable {
-  override string getName() { localvariables(unresolveElement(this),_,result) }
+  override string getName() { localvariables(underlyingElement(this),_,result) }

-  override Type getType() { localvariables(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_) }
+  override Type getType() { localvariables(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_) }

  override Function getFunction() {
    exists(DeclStmt s | s.getADeclaration() = this and s.getEnclosingFunction() = result)
@@ -299,9 +299,9 @@ class LocalVariable extends LocalScopeVariable, @localvariable {
 * A C/C++ variable which has global scope or namespace scope.
 */
 class GlobalOrNamespaceVariable extends Variable, @globalvariable {
-  override string getName() { globalvariables(unresolveElement(this),_,result) }
+  override string getName() { globalvariables(underlyingElement(this),_,result) }

-  override Type getType() { globalvariables(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_) }
+  override Type getType() { globalvariables(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_) }

  override Element getEnclosingElement() { none() }
 }
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ class GlobalOrNamespaceVariable extends Variable, @globalvariable {
 */
 class NamespaceVariable extends GlobalOrNamespaceVariable {
  NamespaceVariable() {
-    exists(Namespace n | namespacembrs(unresolveElement(n), unresolveElement(this)))
+    exists(Namespace n | namespacembrs(unresolveElement(n), underlyingElement(this)))
  }
 }

@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ class MemberVariable extends Variable, @membervariable {
  /** Holds if this member is public. */
  predicate isPublic() { this.hasSpecifier("public") }

-  override string getName() { membervariables(unresolveElement(this),_,result) }
+  override string getName() { membervariables(underlyingElement(this),_,result) }

  override Type getType() {
    if (strictcount(this.getAType()) = 1) then (
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ class MemberVariable extends Variable, @membervariable {
    getADeclarationEntry().hasSpecifier("mutable")
  }

-  private Type getAType() { membervariables(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_) }
+  private Type getAType() { membervariables(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_) }
 }

 /**
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ class FunctionPointerMemberVariable extends MemberVariable {
 * A C++14 variable template.
 */
 class TemplateVariable extends Variable {
-  TemplateVariable() { is_variable_template(unresolveElement(this)) }
+  TemplateVariable() { is_variable_template(underlyingElement(this)) }
  Variable getAnInstantiation() { result.isConstructedFrom(this) }
 }

--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/controlflow/ControlFlowGraph.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/controlflow/ControlFlowGraph.qll
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ private import semmle.code.cpp.controlflow.internal.ConstantExprs
 */
 class ControlFlowNode extends Locatable, @cfgnode {

-  ControlFlowNode getASuccessor() { successors_adapted(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }
+  ControlFlowNode getASuccessor() { successors_adapted(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }

  ControlFlowNode getAPredecessor() { this = result.getASuccessor() }

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class ControlFlowNode extends Locatable, @cfgnode {
   * taken when this expression is true.
   */
  ControlFlowNode getATrueSuccessor() {
-    truecond(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) and result = getASuccessor()
+    truecond(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) and result = getASuccessor()
  }

  /**
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class ControlFlowNode extends Locatable, @cfgnode {
   * taken when this expression is false.
   */
  ControlFlowNode getAFalseSuccessor() {
-    falsecond(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) and result = getASuccessor()
+    falsecond(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) and result = getASuccessor()
  }

  BasicBlock getBasicBlock() {
--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/exprs/Access.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/exprs/Access.qll
@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ abstract class Access extends Expr, NameQualifiableElement {
 */
 class EnumConstantAccess extends Access, @varaccess {
  EnumConstantAccess() {
-    exists(EnumConstant c | varbind(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(c)))
+    exists(EnumConstant c | varbind(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(c)))
  }

  /** Gets the accessed enum constant. */
-  override EnumConstant getTarget() { varbind(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }
+  override EnumConstant getTarget() { varbind(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }

  /** Gets a textual representation of this enum constant access. */
  override string toString() { result = this.getTarget().getName() }
@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@ class EnumConstantAccess extends Access, @varaccess {
 */
 class VariableAccess extends Access, @varaccess {
  VariableAccess() {
-    not exists(EnumConstant c | varbind(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(c)))
+    not exists(EnumConstant c | varbind(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(c)))
  }

  /** Gets the accessed variable. */
-  override Variable getTarget() { varbind(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }
+  override Variable getTarget() { varbind(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }

  /**
   * Holds if this variable access is providing an LValue in a meaningful way.
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class VariableAccess extends Access, @varaccess {
 * A C/C++ field access expression.
 */
 class FieldAccess extends VariableAccess {
-  FieldAccess() { exists(Field f | varbind(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(f))) }
+  FieldAccess() { exists(Field f | varbind(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(f))) }

  /** Gets the accessed field. */
  override Field getTarget() { result = super.getTarget() }
@@ -230,11 +230,11 @@ class ImplicitThisFieldAccess extends FieldAccess {
 */
 class FunctionAccess extends Access, @routineexpr {
  FunctionAccess() {
-    not iscall(unresolveElement(this),_)
+    not iscall(underlyingElement(this),_)
  }

  /** Gets the accessed function. */
-  override Function getTarget() { funbind(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }
+  override Function getTarget() { funbind(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }

  /** Gets a textual representation of this function access. */
  override string toString() {
--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/exprs/Assignment.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/exprs/Assignment.qll
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ class ConditionDeclExpr extends Expr, @condition_decl {
  Expr getExpr() { result = this.getChild(0) }

  /** Gets the variable that is declared. */
-  Variable getVariable() { condition_decl_bind(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Variable getVariable() { condition_decl_bind(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }

  override string toString() { result = "(condition decl)" }
 }
--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/exprs/Call.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/exprs/Call.qll
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ abstract class Call extends Expr, NameQualifiableElement {
 */
 class FunctionCall extends Call, @funbindexpr {
  FunctionCall() {
-    iscall(unresolveElement(this),_)
+    iscall(underlyingElement(this),_)
  }

  /** Gets an explicit template argument for this call. */
@@ -167,8 +167,8 @@ class FunctionCall extends Call, @funbindexpr {

  /** Gets the number of explicit template arguments for this call. */
  int getNumberOfExplicitTemplateArguments() {
-    if numtemplatearguments(unresolveElement(this),_) then
-      numtemplatearguments(unresolveElement(this),result)
+    if numtemplatearguments(underlyingElement(this),_) then
+      numtemplatearguments(underlyingElement(this),result)
    else
      result = 0
  }
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class FunctionCall extends Call, @funbindexpr {

  /** Holds if a template argument list was provided for this call. */
  predicate hasTemplateArgumentList() {
-    numtemplatearguments(unresolveElement(this),_)
+    numtemplatearguments(underlyingElement(this),_)
  }

  /**
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ class FunctionCall extends Call, @funbindexpr {
   * In the case of virtual function calls, the result is the most-specific function in the override tree (as
   * determined by the compiler) such that the target at runtime will be one of result.getAnOverridingFunction*().
   */
-  override Function getTarget() { funbind(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }
+  override Function getTarget() { funbind(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }
 
  /**
   * Gets the type of this expression, that is, the return type of the function being called.
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ class FunctionCall extends Call, @funbindexpr {
   * Note that this holds even in cases where a sufficiently clever compiler could perform static dispatch.
   */
  predicate isVirtual() {
-    iscall(unresolveElement(this),1)
+    iscall(underlyingElement(this),1)
  }

  /**
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ class FunctionCall extends Call, @funbindexpr {
   * found by any other means.
   */
  predicate isOnlyFoundByADL() {
-    iscall(unresolveElement(this),2)
+    iscall(underlyingElement(this),2)
  }

  /** Gets a textual representation of this function call. */
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ class ConstructorDelegationInit extends ConstructorBaseInit, @ctordelegatinginit
 */
 class ConstructorFieldInit extends ConstructorInit, @ctorfieldinit {
  /** Gets the field being initialized. */
-  Field getTarget() { varbind(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Field getTarget() { varbind(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }
 
  /**
   * Gets the expression to which the field is initialized.
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ class DestructorVirtualDestruction extends DestructorBaseDestruction, @dtorvirtu
 */
 class DestructorFieldDestruction extends DestructorDestruction, @dtorfielddestruct {
  /** Gets the field being destructed. */
-  Field getTarget() { varbind(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Field getTarget() { varbind(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }
 
  /** Gets the compiler-generated call to the variable's destructor. */
  DestructorCall getExpr() { result = this.getChild(0) }
--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/exprs/Cast.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/exprs/Cast.qll
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ private predicate isPointerToMemberOrNullPointer(Type type) {
 */
 class ArithmeticConversion extends Cast {
  ArithmeticConversion() {
-    conversionkinds(unresolveElement(this), 0) and
+    conversionkinds(underlyingElement(this), 0) and
    isArithmeticOrEnum(getType().getUnspecifiedType()) and
    isArithmeticOrEnum(getExpr().getType().getUnspecifiedType())
  }
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ class IntegralToFloatingPointConversion extends ArithmeticConversion {
 */
 class PointerConversion extends Cast {
  PointerConversion() {
-    conversionkinds(unresolveElement(this), 0) and
+    conversionkinds(underlyingElement(this), 0) and
    isPointerOrNullPointer(getType().getUnspecifiedType()) and
    isPointerOrNullPointer(getExpr().getType().getUnspecifiedType())
  }
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ class PointerConversion extends Cast {
 */
 class PointerToMemberConversion extends Cast {
  PointerToMemberConversion() {
-    conversionkinds(unresolveElement(this), 0) and
+    conversionkinds(underlyingElement(this), 0) and
    exists(Type fromType, Type toType |
      fromType = getExpr().getType().getUnspecifiedType() and
      toType = getType().getUnspecifiedType() and
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ class PointerToMemberConversion extends Cast {
 */
 class PointerToIntegralConversion extends Cast {
  PointerToIntegralConversion() {
-    conversionkinds(unresolveElement(this), 0) and
+    conversionkinds(underlyingElement(this), 0) and
    isIntegralOrEnum(getType().getUnspecifiedType()) and
    isPointerOrNullPointer(getExpr().getType().getUnspecifiedType())
  }
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ class PointerToIntegralConversion extends Cast {
 */
 class IntegralToPointerConversion extends Cast {
  IntegralToPointerConversion() {
-    conversionkinds(unresolveElement(this), 0) and
+    conversionkinds(underlyingElement(this), 0) and
    isPointerOrNullPointer(getType().getUnspecifiedType()) and
    isIntegralOrEnum(getExpr().getType().getUnspecifiedType())
  }
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ class IntegralToPointerConversion extends Cast {
 */
 class BoolConversion extends Cast {
  BoolConversion() {
-    conversionkinds(unresolveElement(this), 1)
+    conversionkinds(underlyingElement(this), 1)
  }

  override string getSemanticConversionString() {
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ class VoidConversion extends Cast {
 */
 class InheritanceConversion extends Cast {
  InheritanceConversion() {
-    conversionkinds(unresolveElement(this), 2) or conversionkinds(unresolveElement(this), 3)
+    conversionkinds(underlyingElement(this), 2) or conversionkinds(underlyingElement(this), 3)
  }

  /**
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ private Class getConversionClass(Expr expr) {
 */
 class BaseClassConversion extends InheritanceConversion {
  BaseClassConversion() {
-    conversionkinds(unresolveElement(this), 2)
+    conversionkinds(underlyingElement(this), 2)
  }

  override string getSemanticConversionString() {
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ class BaseClassConversion extends InheritanceConversion {
 */
 class DerivedClassConversion extends InheritanceConversion {
  DerivedClassConversion() {
-    conversionkinds(unresolveElement(this), 3)
+    conversionkinds(underlyingElement(this), 3)
  }

  override string getSemanticConversionString() {
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ class DerivedClassConversion extends InheritanceConversion {
 */
 class PointerToMemberBaseClassConversion extends Cast {
  PointerToMemberBaseClassConversion() {
-    conversionkinds(unresolveElement(this), 4)
+    conversionkinds(underlyingElement(this), 4)
  }

  override string getSemanticConversionString() {
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ class PointerToMemberBaseClassConversion extends Cast {
 */
 class PointerToMemberDerivedClassConversion extends Cast {
  PointerToMemberDerivedClassConversion() {
-    conversionkinds(unresolveElement(this), 5)
+    conversionkinds(underlyingElement(this), 5)
  }

  override string getSemanticConversionString() {
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ class PointerToMemberDerivedClassConversion extends Cast {
 */
 class GlvalueConversion extends Cast {
  GlvalueConversion() {
-    conversionkinds(unresolveElement(this), 6)
+    conversionkinds(underlyingElement(this), 6)
  }

  override string getSemanticConversionString() {
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ class GlvalueConversion extends Cast {
 */
 class PrvalueAdjustmentConversion extends Cast {
  PrvalueAdjustmentConversion() {
-    conversionkinds(unresolveElement(this), 7)
+    conversionkinds(underlyingElement(this), 7)
  }

  override string getSemanticConversionString() {
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ class UuidofOperator extends Expr, @uuidof {

  /** Gets the contained type. */
  Type getTypeOperand() {
-    uuidof_bind(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result))
+    uuidof_bind(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result))
  }
 }

@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ class TypeidOperator extends Expr, @type_id {
   * printf("the type of ptr is: %s\n", typeid(ptr).name);
   * ```
   */
-  Type getResultType() { typeid_bind(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Type getResultType() { typeid_bind(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }

  /**
   * DEPRECATED: Use `getResultType()` instead.
@@ -605,10 +605,10 @@ class SizeofExprOperator extends SizeofOperator {
 * A C/C++ sizeof expression whose operand is a type name.
 */
 class SizeofTypeOperator extends SizeofOperator {
-  SizeofTypeOperator() { sizeof_bind(unresolveElement(this),_) }
+  SizeofTypeOperator() { sizeof_bind(underlyingElement(this),_) }

  /** Gets the contained type. */
-  Type getTypeOperand() { sizeof_bind(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Type getTypeOperand() { sizeof_bind(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }

  /**
   * DEPRECATED: Use `getTypeOperand()` instead
@@ -657,10 +657,10 @@ class AlignofExprOperator extends AlignofOperator {
 * A C++11 `alignof` expression whose operand is a type name.
 */
 class AlignofTypeOperator extends AlignofOperator {
-  AlignofTypeOperator() { sizeof_bind(unresolveElement(this),_) }
+  AlignofTypeOperator() { sizeof_bind(underlyingElement(this),_) }

  /** Gets the contained type. */
-  Type getTypeOperand() { sizeof_bind(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Type getTypeOperand() { sizeof_bind(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }

  /**
   * DEPRECATED: Use `getTypeOperand()` instead.
--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/exprs/Expr.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/exprs/Expr.qll
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ private import semmle.code.cpp.internal.Type
 */
 class Expr extends StmtParent, @expr {
  /** Gets the nth child of this expression. */
-  Expr getChild(int n) { exprparents(unresolveElement(result),n,unresolveElement(this)) }
+  Expr getChild(int n) { exprparents(unresolveElement(result),n,underlyingElement(this)) }

  /** Gets the number of direct children of this expression. */
  int getNumChild() { result = count(this.getAChild()) }
@@ -38,14 +38,14 @@ class Expr extends StmtParent, @expr {
  Expr getAChild() { exists (int n | result = this.getChild(n)) }

  /** Gets the parent of this expression, if any. */
-  Element getParent() { exprparents(unresolveElement(this),_,unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Element getParent() { exprparents(underlyingElement(this),_,unresolveElement(result)) }

  /** Gets the location of this expression. */
-  override Location getLocation() { exprs(unresolveElement(this),_,result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { exprs(underlyingElement(this),_,result) }

  /** Holds if this is an auxiliary expression generated by the compiler. */
  predicate isCompilerGenerated() {
-    compgenerated(unresolveElement(this)) or
+    compgenerated(underlyingElement(this)) or
    this.getParent().(ConstructorFieldInit).isCompilerGenerated()
  }

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class Expr extends StmtParent, @expr {
   * As the type of an expression can sometimes be a TypedefType, calling getUnderlyingType()
   * is often more useful than calling this predicate.
   */
-  pragma[nomagic] Type getType() { expr_types(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_) }
+  pragma[nomagic] Type getType() { expr_types(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result),_) }

  /**
   * Gets the type of this expression after typedefs have been resolved.
@@ -71,19 +71,19 @@ class Expr extends StmtParent, @expr {
   * 
   * Consider using subclasses of `Expr` rather than relying on this predicate. 
   */
-  int getKind() { exprs(unresolveElement(this),result,_) }
+  int getKind() { exprs(underlyingElement(this),result,_) }

  /** Gets a textual representation of this expression. */
  override string toString() { none() }

  /** Gets the value of this expression, if it is a constant. */
-  string getValue() { exists(@value v | values(v,result,_) and valuebind(v,unresolveElement(this))) }
+  string getValue() { exists(@value v | values(v,result,_) and valuebind(v,underlyingElement(this))) }

  /** Gets the source text for the value of this expression, if it is a constant. */
-  string getValueText() { exists(@value v | values(v,_,result) and valuebind(v,unresolveElement(this))) }
+  string getValueText() { exists(@value v | values(v,_,result) and valuebind(v,underlyingElement(this))) }
  
  /** Holds if this expression has a value that can be determined at compile time. */
-  predicate isConstant() { valuebind(_,unresolveElement(this)) }
+  predicate isConstant() { valuebind(_,underlyingElement(this)) }

  /**
   * Holds if this expression is side-effect free (conservative
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ class Expr extends StmtParent, @expr {
   * See [basic.lval] for more about lvalues.
   */
  predicate isLValueCategory() {
-    expr_types(unresolveElement(this), _, 3)
+    expr_types(underlyingElement(this), _, 3)
  }

  /**
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class Expr extends StmtParent, @expr {
   * See [basic.lval] for more about xvalues.
   */
  predicate isXValueCategory() {
-    expr_types(unresolveElement(this), _, 2)
+    expr_types(underlyingElement(this), _, 2)
  }

  /**
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class Expr extends StmtParent, @expr {
   * See [basic.lval] for more about prvalues.
   */
  predicate isPRValueCategory() {
-    expr_types(unresolveElement(this), _, 1)
+    expr_types(underlyingElement(this), _, 1)
  }

  /**
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ class Expr extends StmtParent, @expr {
   * See [conv.lval] for more about the lvalue-to-rvalue conversion
   */
  predicate hasLValueToRValueConversion() {
-    expr_isload(unresolveElement(this))
+    expr_isload(underlyingElement(this))
  }

  /**
@@ -303,14 +303,14 @@ class Expr extends StmtParent, @expr {
   * and 1 has a bool conversion, while the bool conversion itself has
   * an int conversion.
   */
-  predicate hasConversion() { exists(Expr e | exprconv(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(e))) }
+  predicate hasConversion() { exists(Expr e | exprconv(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(e))) }

  /**
   * Holds if this expression has an implicit conversion.
   * 
   * For example in `char *str = 0`, the `0` has an implicit conversion to type `char *`.
   */
-  predicate hasImplicitConversion() { exists(Expr e | exprconv(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(e)) and e.(Cast).isImplicit()) }
+  predicate hasImplicitConversion() { exists(Expr e | exprconv(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(e)) and e.(Cast).isImplicit()) }

  /**
   * Holds if this expression has an explicit conversion.
@@ -318,12 +318,12 @@ class Expr extends StmtParent, @expr {
   * For example in `(MyClass *)ptr`, the `ptr` has an explicit
   * conversion to type `MyClass *`.
   */
-  predicate hasExplicitConversion() { exists(Expr e | exprconv(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(e)) and not e.(Cast).isImplicit()) }
+  predicate hasExplicitConversion() { exists(Expr e | exprconv(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(e)) and not e.(Cast).isImplicit()) }

  /**
   * Gets the conversion associated with this expression, if any.
   */
-  Expr getConversion() { exprconv(unresolveElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Expr getConversion() { exprconv(underlyingElement(this),unresolveElement(result)) }

  /**
   * Gets a string describing the conversion associated with this expression,
@@ -594,14 +594,14 @@ class NewExpr extends Expr, @new_expr {
   * For example, for `new int` the result is `int`.
   */
  Type getAllocatedType() {
-    new_allocated_type(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result))
+    new_allocated_type(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result))
  }

  /**
   * Gets the `operator new` that allocates storage.
   */
  Function getAllocator() {
-    expr_allocator(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _)
+    expr_allocator(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _)
  }

  /**
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ class NewExpr extends Expr, @new_expr {
   * argument of type `std::align_val_t`.
   */
  predicate hasAlignedAllocation() {
-    expr_allocator(unresolveElement(this), _, 1)
+    expr_allocator(underlyingElement(this), _, 1)
  }

  /**
@@ -629,7 +629,7 @@ class NewExpr extends Expr, @new_expr {
   * throws an exception, if any.
   */
  Function getDeallocator() {
-    expr_deallocator(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _)
+    expr_deallocator(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _)
  }

  /**
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ class NewExpr extends Expr, @new_expr {
   */
  predicate hasSizedDeallocation() {
    exists(int form |
-      expr_deallocator(unresolveElement(this), _, form) and
+      expr_deallocator(underlyingElement(this), _, form) and
      form.bitAnd(1) != 0  // Bit zero is the "size" bit
    )
  }
@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ class NewExpr extends Expr, @new_expr {
   */
  predicate hasAlignedDeallocation() {
    exists(int form |
-      expr_deallocator(unresolveElement(this), _, form) and
+      expr_deallocator(underlyingElement(this), _, form) and
      form.bitAnd(2) != 0  // Bit one is the "alignment" bit
    )
  }
@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ class NewArrayExpr extends Expr, @new_array_expr {
   * For example, for `new int[5]` the result is `int[5]`.
   */
  Type getAllocatedType() {
-    new_array_allocated_type(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result))
+    new_array_allocated_type(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result))
  }

  /**
@@ -689,7 +689,7 @@ class NewArrayExpr extends Expr, @new_array_expr {
   * Gets the `operator new[]` that allocates storage.
   */
  Function getAllocator() {
-    expr_allocator(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _)
+    expr_allocator(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _)
  }

  /**
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ class NewArrayExpr extends Expr, @new_array_expr {
   * argument of type `std::align_val_t`.
   */
  predicate hasAlignedAllocation() {
-    expr_allocator(unresolveElement(this), _, 1)
+    expr_allocator(underlyingElement(this), _, 1)
  }

  /**
@@ -712,7 +712,7 @@ class NewArrayExpr extends Expr, @new_array_expr {
   * throws an exception, if any.
   */
  Function getDeallocator() {
-    expr_deallocator(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _)
+    expr_deallocator(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _)
  }

  /**
@@ -720,7 +720,7 @@ class NewArrayExpr extends Expr, @new_array_expr {
   */
  predicate hasSizedDeallocation() {
    exists(int form |
-      expr_deallocator(unresolveElement(this), _, form) and
+      expr_deallocator(underlyingElement(this), _, form) and
      form.bitAnd(1) != 0  // Bit zero is the "size" bit
    )
  }
@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@ class NewArrayExpr extends Expr, @new_array_expr {
   */
  predicate hasAlignedDeallocation() {
    exists(int form |
-      expr_deallocator(unresolveElement(this), _, form) and
+      expr_deallocator(underlyingElement(this), _, form) and
      form.bitAnd(2) != 0  // Bit one is the "alignment" bit
    )
  }
@@ -788,7 +788,7 @@ class DeleteExpr extends Expr, @delete_expr {
   * dynamic type of the object.
   */
  Function getDeallocator() {
-    expr_deallocator(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _)
+    expr_deallocator(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _)
  }

  /**
@@ -796,7 +796,7 @@ class DeleteExpr extends Expr, @delete_expr {
   */
  predicate hasSizedDeallocation() {
    exists(int form |
-      expr_deallocator(unresolveElement(this), _, form) and
+      expr_deallocator(underlyingElement(this), _, form) and
      form.bitAnd(1) != 0  // Bit zero is the "size" bit
    )
  }
@@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ class DeleteExpr extends Expr, @delete_expr {
   */
  predicate hasAlignedDeallocation() {
    exists(int form |
-      expr_deallocator(unresolveElement(this), _, form) and
+      expr_deallocator(underlyingElement(this), _, form) and
      form.bitAnd(2) != 0  // Bit one is the "alignment" bit
    )
  }
@@ -856,7 +856,7 @@ class DeleteArrayExpr extends Expr, @delete_array_expr {
   * Gets the `operator delete[]` that deallocates storage.
   */
  Function getDeallocator() {
-    expr_deallocator(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _)
+    expr_deallocator(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result), _)
  }

  /**
@@ -864,7 +864,7 @@ class DeleteArrayExpr extends Expr, @delete_array_expr {
   */
  predicate hasSizedDeallocation() {
    exists(int form |
-      expr_deallocator(unresolveElement(this), _, form) and
+      expr_deallocator(underlyingElement(this), _, form) and
      form.bitAnd(1) != 0  // Bit zero is the "size" bit
    )
  }
@@ -874,7 +874,7 @@ class DeleteArrayExpr extends Expr, @delete_array_expr {
   */
  predicate hasAlignedDeallocation() {
    exists(int form |
-      expr_deallocator(unresolveElement(this), _, form) and
+      expr_deallocator(underlyingElement(this), _, form) and
      form.bitAnd(2) != 0  // Bit one is the "alignment" bit
    )
  }
@@ -944,7 +944,7 @@ class ThisExpr extends Expr, @thisaccess {
 */
 class BlockExpr extends Literal {
  BlockExpr() {
-    code_block(unresolveElement(this), _)
+    code_block(underlyingElement(this), _)
  }

  override string toString() { result = "^ { ... }" }
@@ -953,7 +953,7 @@ class BlockExpr extends Literal {
   * Gets the (anonymous) function associated with this code block expression.
   */
  Function getFunction() {
-    code_block(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result))
+    code_block(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result))
  }
 }

--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/exprs/Lambda.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/exprs/Lambda.qll
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class LambdaExpression extends Expr, @lambdaexpr {
   * Gets the nth implicitly or explicitly captured value of this lambda expression.
   */
  LambdaCapture getCapture(int index) {
-    lambda_capture(result, unresolveElement(this), index, _, _, _)
+    lambda_capture(result, underlyingElement(this), index, _, _, _)
  }

  /**
@@ -34,14 +34,14 @@ class LambdaExpression extends Expr, @lambdaexpr {
   *   - "=" if capture-by-value is the default for implicit captures.
   */
  string getDefaultCaptureMode() {
-    lambdas(unresolveElement(this), result, _)
+    lambdas(underlyingElement(this), result, _)
  }

  /**
   * Holds if the return type (of the call operator of the resulting object) was explicitly specified.
   */
  predicate returnTypeIsExplicit() {
-    lambdas(unresolveElement(this), _, true)
+    lambdas(underlyingElement(this), _, true)
  }

  /**
--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/exprs/Literal.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/exprs/Literal.qll
@@ -36,12 +36,12 @@ class Literal extends Expr, @literal {
 */
 class LabelLiteral extends Literal {
  LabelLiteral() {
-    jumpinfo(unresolveElement(this),_,_)
+    jumpinfo(underlyingElement(this),_,_)
  }

  /** Gets the corresponding label statement. */
  LabelStmt getLabel() {
-    jumpinfo(unresolveElement(this),_,unresolveElement(result))
+    jumpinfo(underlyingElement(this),_,unresolveElement(result))
  }
 }

--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/metrics/MetricFile.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/metrics/MetricFile.qll
@@ -22,17 +22,17 @@ class MetricFile extends File {

  /** Gets the number of lines in this file. */
  int getNumberOfLines() {
-    numlines(unresolveElement(this),result,_,_)
+    numlines(underlyingElement(this),result,_,_)
  }

  /** Gets the number of lines of code in this file. */
  int getNumberOfLinesOfCode() {
-    numlines(unresolveElement(this),_,result,_)
+    numlines(underlyingElement(this),_,result,_)
  }

  /** Gets the number of lines of comments in this file. */
  int getNumberOfLinesOfComments() {
-    numlines(unresolveElement(this),_,_,result)
+    numlines(underlyingElement(this),_,_,result)
  }

  /** Gets the number of incoming file dependencies. */
--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/metrics/MetricFunction.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/metrics/MetricFunction.qll
@@ -12,17 +12,17 @@ class MetricFunction extends Function {

  /** Gets the number of lines in this function. */
  int getNumberOfLines() {
-    numlines(unresolveElement(this),result,_,_)
+    numlines(underlyingElement(this),result,_,_)
  }

  /** Gets the number of lines of code in this function. */
  int getNumberOfLinesOfCode() {
-    numlines(unresolveElement(this),_,result,_)
+    numlines(underlyingElement(this),_,result,_)
  }

  /** Gets the number of lines of comments in this function. */
  int getNumberOfLinesOfComments() {
-    numlines(unresolveElement(this),_,_,result)
+    numlines(underlyingElement(this),_,_,result)
  }

  /** Gets the ratio of lines of comments to total lines in this function (between 0.0 and 1.0). */
--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/pointsto/CallGraph.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/pointsto/CallGraph.qll
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class TargetPointsToExpr extends PointsToExpr {
  {
    exists(int cset, VirtualFunction static |
      this.interesting() and
-      parentSetFor(cset, unresolveElement(this)) and
+      parentSetFor(cset, underlyingElement(this)) and
      static = this.staticTarget() and
      childrenByElement(cset, static, result)
    )   
--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/pointsto/PointsTo.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/pointsto/PointsTo.qll
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ class PointsToExpr extends Expr
  pragma[noopt]
  Element pointsTo()
  {
-    this.interesting() and exists(int set, @element thisEntity, @element resultEntity | thisEntity = unresolveElement(this) and pointstosets(set, thisEntity) and setlocations(set, resultEntity) and resultEntity = unresolveElement(result))
+    this.interesting() and exists(int set, @element thisEntity, @element resultEntity | thisEntity = underlyingElement(this) and pointstosets(set, thisEntity) and setlocations(set, resultEntity) and resultEntity = unresolveElement(result))
  }

  float confidence() { result = 1.0 / count(this.pointsTo()) }
--- a/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/stmts/Stmt.qll
+++ b/cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/stmts/Stmt.qll
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ class Stmt extends StmtParent, @stmt {

  /** Gets the `n`th child of this statement. */
  Element getChild(int n) {
-    stmtparents(unresolveElement(result),n,unresolveElement(this)) or
-    exprparents(unresolveElement(result),n,unresolveElement(this))
+    stmtparents(unresolveElement(result),n,underlyingElement(this)) or
+    exprparents(unresolveElement(result),n,underlyingElement(this))
  }

  /** Holds if `e` is the `n`th child of this statement. */
@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@ class Stmt extends StmtParent, @stmt {
  Element getAChild() { exists (int n | result = this.getChild(n)) }

  /** Gets the parent of this statement, if any. */
-  StmtParent getParent() { stmtparents(unresolveElement(this),_,unresolveElement(result)) }
+  StmtParent getParent() { stmtparents(underlyingElement(this),_,unresolveElement(result)) }

  /** Gets the parent statement of this statement, if any. */
-  Stmt getParentStmt() { stmtparents(unresolveElement(this),_,unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Stmt getParentStmt() { stmtparents(underlyingElement(this),_,unresolveElement(result)) }

  /** Gets a child statement of this statement. */
  Stmt getChildStmt() { result.getParentStmt() = this }
@@ -51,10 +51,10 @@ class Stmt extends StmtParent, @stmt {
                            result = b.getStmt(i+1))
  }

-  override Location getLocation() { stmts(unresolveElement(this),_,result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { stmts(underlyingElement(this),_,result) }

  /** Gets an int indicating the type of statement that this represents. */
-  int getKind() { stmts(unresolveElement(this),result,_) }
+  int getKind() { stmts(underlyingElement(this),result,_) }

  override string toString() { none() }

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ class Stmt extends StmtParent, @stmt {
   * `[[clang::fallthrough]]`.
   */
  Attribute getAnAttribute() {
-    stmtattributes(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result))
+    stmtattributes(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result))
  }

  /**
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class Stmt extends StmtParent, @stmt {

  /** Holds if this statement was generated by the compiler. */
  predicate isCompilerGenerated() {
-    compgenerated(unresolveElement(this))
+    compgenerated(underlyingElement(this))
  }

 }
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ class IfStmt extends ConditionalStmt, @stmt_if {
   * ```
   * the result is the `Block` `{ x = 1; }`.
   */
-  Stmt getThen() { if_then(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Stmt getThen() { if_then(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }

  /**
   * Gets the 'else' statement of this 'if' statement, if any.
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ class IfStmt extends ConditionalStmt, @stmt_if {
   * ```
   * there is no result.
   */
-  Stmt getElse() { if_else(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Stmt getElse() { if_else(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }

  /**
   * Holds if this 'if' statement has an 'else' statement.
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ abstract class Loop extends ControlStructure {
 class WhileStmt extends Loop, @stmt_while {
  override Expr getCondition() { result = this.getChild(0) }
  override Expr getControllingExpr() { result = this.getCondition() }
-  override Stmt getStmt() { while_body(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }
+  override Stmt getStmt() { while_body(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }

  override string toString() { result = "while (...) ..." }

@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ class WhileStmt extends Loop, @stmt_while {
 abstract class JumpStmt extends Stmt, @jump {

  /** Gets the target of this jump statement. */
-  Stmt getTarget() { jumpinfo(unresolveElement(this),_,unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Stmt getTarget() { jumpinfo(underlyingElement(this),_,unresolveElement(result)) }
 }

 /**
@@ -393,10 +393,10 @@ class GotoStmt extends JumpStmt, @stmt_goto {
   * ```
   * the result is `"someLabel"`.
   */
-  string getName() { jumpinfo(unresolveElement(this),result,_) and result != "" }
+  string getName() { jumpinfo(underlyingElement(this),result,_) and result != "" }

  /** Holds if this 'goto' statement refers to a label. */
-  predicate hasName() { exists(string s | jumpinfo(unresolveElement(this),s,_) and s != "") }
+  predicate hasName() { exists(string s | jumpinfo(underlyingElement(this),s,_) and s != "") }

  override string toString() { result = "goto ..." }

@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ private Stmt getEnclosingBreakable(Stmt s) {
 class LabelStmt extends Stmt, @stmt_label {

  /** Gets the name of this 'label' statement. */
-  string getName() { jumpinfo(unresolveElement(this),result,_) and result != "" }
+  string getName() { jumpinfo(underlyingElement(this),result,_) and result != "" }

  /** Holds if this 'label' statement is named. */
  predicate isNamed() { exists(this.getName()) }
@@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ class DoStmt extends Loop, @stmt_end_test_while {

  override Expr getCondition() { result = this.getChild(0) }
  override Expr getControllingExpr() { result = this.getCondition() }
-  override Stmt getStmt() { do_body(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }
+  override Stmt getStmt() { do_body(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }

  override string toString() { result = "do (...) ..." }

@@ -743,7 +743,7 @@ class ForStmt extends Loop, @stmt_for {
   * for (; i < 10; i++) { j++ }
   * ```
   */
-  Stmt getInitialization() { for_initialization(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Stmt getInitialization() { for_initialization(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }

  /**
   * Gets the condition expression of this 'for' statement.
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ class ForStmt extends Loop, @stmt_for {
   * for (i = 0;; i++) { if (i >= 10) break; }
   * ```
   */
-  override Expr getCondition() { for_condition(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }
+  override Expr getCondition() { for_condition(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }
  override Expr getControllingExpr() { result = this.getCondition() }

  /**
@@ -776,9 +776,9 @@ class ForStmt extends Loop, @stmt_for {
   * for (i = 0; i < 10;) { i++; }
   * ```
   */
-  Expr getUpdate() { for_update(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Expr getUpdate() { for_update(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }

-  override Stmt getStmt() { for_body(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }
+  override Stmt getStmt() { for_body(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }

  override string toString() { result = "for(...;...;...) ..." }

@@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@ class SwitchCase extends Stmt, @stmt_switch_case {
   * has result 2.
   */
  int getChildNum() {
-      switch_case(_, result, unresolveElement(this))
+      switch_case(_, result, underlyingElement(this))
   }

  /**
@@ -1360,7 +1360,7 @@ class SwitchStmt extends ConditionalStmt, @stmt_switch {
   * }
   * ```
   */
-  Stmt getStmt() { switch_body(unresolveElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Stmt getStmt() { switch_body(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }

  /**
   * Gets a 'switch case' statement of this 'switch' statement.
@@ -1377,7 +1377,7 @@ class SwitchStmt extends ConditionalStmt, @stmt_switch {
   * ```
   * the results are `case 1:`, `case 2:` and `default:`.
   */
-  SwitchCase getASwitchCase() { switch_case(unresolveElement(this), _, unresolveElement(result)) }
+  SwitchCase getASwitchCase() { switch_case(underlyingElement(this), _, unresolveElement(result)) }

  /**
   * Gets the 'default case' statement of this 'switch' statement,
@@ -1662,7 +1662,7 @@ class FunctionTryStmt extends TryStmt {
 * A 'catch block', from either C++'s `catch` or Objective C's `@catch`.
 */
 class CatchBlock extends Block {
-  CatchBlock() { ishandler(unresolveElement(this)) }
+  CatchBlock() { ishandler(underlyingElement(this)) }

  /**
   * Gets the parameter introduced by this 'catch block', if any.
@@ -1752,7 +1752,7 @@ class DeclStmt extends Stmt, @stmt_decl {
   * the result of `getDeclarationEntry(0)` is `i`.
   */
  DeclarationEntry getDeclarationEntry(int i) {
-    stmt_decl_entry_bind(unresolveElement(this), i, unresolveElement(result))
+    stmt_decl_entry_bind(underlyingElement(this), i, unresolveElement(result))
  }

  /**
@@ -1788,7 +1788,7 @@ class DeclStmt extends Stmt, @stmt_decl {
   * ```
   * the result of `getDeclaration(0)` is `i`.
   */
-  Declaration getDeclaration(int i) { stmt_decl_bind(unresolveElement(this), i, unresolveElement(result)) }
+  Declaration getDeclaration(int i) { stmt_decl_bind(underlyingElement(this), i, unresolveElement(result)) }

  /**
   * Gets a declaration declared by this 'declaration' statement.
@@ -1891,11 +1891,11 @@ class VlaDeclStmt extends Stmt, @stmt_vla_decl {
   * Gets the type that this VLA declaration statement relates to,
   * if any.
   */
-  Type getType() { type_vla(unresolveElement(result), unresolveElement(this)) }
+  Type getType() { type_vla(unresolveElement(result), underlyingElement(this)) }

  /**
   * Gets the variable that this VLA declaration statement relates to,
   * if any.
   */
-  Variable getVariable() { variable_vla(unresolveElement(result), unresolveElement(this)) }
+  Variable getVariable() { variable_vla(unresolveElement(result), underlyingElement(this)) }
 }