Merge pull request #4074 from jbj/SimpleRangeAnalysis-extensible

C++: extensible range analysis

cpp/ql/src/experimental/semmle/code/cpp/models/interfaces/SimpleRangeAnalysisExpr.qll

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/**
+ * EXPERIMENTAL: The API of this module may change without notice.
+ *
+ * Provides a class for modeling `Expr`s with a restricted range.
+ */
+
+import cpp
+import semmle.code.cpp.rangeanalysis.SimpleRangeAnalysis
+
+/**
+ * EXPERIMENTAL: The API of this class may change without notice.
+ *
+ * An expression for which a range can be deduced. Extend this class to add
+ * functionality to the range analysis library.
+ */
+abstract class SimpleRangeAnalysisExpr extends Expr {
+  /**
+   * Gets the lower bound of the expression.
+   *
+   * Implementations of this predicate should use
+   * `getFullyConvertedLowerBounds` and `getFullyConvertedUpperBounds` for
+   * recursive calls to get the bounds of their children.
+   */
+  abstract float getLowerBounds();
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the upper bound of the expression.
+   *
+   * Implementations of this predicate should use
+   * `getFullyConvertedLowerBounds` and `getFullyConvertedUpperBounds` for
+   * recursive calls to get the bounds of their children.
+   */
+  abstract float getUpperBounds();
+
+  /**
+   * Holds if the range this expression depends on the definition `srcDef` for
+   * StackVariable `srcVar`.
+   *
+   * Because this predicate cannot be recursive, most implementations should
+   * override `dependsOnChild` instead.
+   */
+  predicate dependsOnDef(RangeSsaDefinition srcDef, StackVariable srcVar) { none() }
+
+  /**
+   * Holds if this expression depends on the range of its unconverted
+   * subexpression `child`. This information is used to inform the range
+   * analysis about cyclic dependencies. Without this information, range
+   * analysis might work for simple cases but will go into infinite loops on
+   * complex code.
+   *
+   * For example, when modeling a function call whose return value depends on
+   * all of its arguments, implement this predicate as
+   * `child = this.getAnArgument()`.
+   */
+  abstract predicate dependsOnChild(Expr child);
+}
+
+import SimpleRangeAnalysisInternal
+
+/**
+ * This class exists to prevent the QL front end from emitting compile errors
+ * inside `SimpleRangeAnalysis.qll` about certain conjuncts being empty
+ * because the overrides of `SimpleRangeAnalysisExpr` that happen to be in
+ * scope do not make use of every feature it offers.
+ */
+private class Empty extends SimpleRangeAnalysisExpr {
+  Empty() {
+    // This predicate is complicated enough that the QL type checker doesn't
+    // see it as empty but simple enough that the optimizer should.
+    this = this and none()
+  }
+
+  override float getLowerBounds() { none() }
+
+  override float getUpperBounds() { none() }
+
+  override predicate dependsOnChild(Expr child) { none() }
+}

cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/rangeanalysis/SimpleRangeAnalysis.qll

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 
 import cpp
 private import RangeAnalysisUtils
+private import experimental.semmle.code.cpp.models.interfaces.SimpleRangeAnalysisExpr
 import RangeSSA
 import SimpleRangeAnalysisCached
 private import NanAnalysis
@@ -213,6 +214,9 @@ private predicate analyzableExpr(Expr e) {
     or
     // `>>` by a constant
     exists(e.(RShiftExpr).getRightOperand().getValue())
+    or
+    // A modeled expression for range analysis
+    e instanceof SimpleRangeAnalysisExpr
   )
 }
 
@@ -328,6 +332,16 @@ private predicate exprDependsOnDef(Expr e, RangeSsaDefinition srcDef, StackVaria
   )
   or
   e = srcDef.getAUse(srcVar)
+  or
+  // A modeled expression for range analysis
+  exists(SimpleRangeAnalysisExpr rae | rae = e |
+    rae.dependsOnDef(srcDef, srcVar)
+    or
+    exists(Expr child |
+      rae.dependsOnChild(child) and
+      exprDependsOnDef(child, srcDef, srcVar)
+    )
+  )
 }
 
 /**
@@ -445,13 +459,6 @@ private float addRoundingDownSmall(float x, float small) {
   if (x + small) - x > small then result = (x + small).nextDown() else result = (x + small)
 }
 
-/**
- * Gets the truncated lower bounds of the fully converted expression.
- */
-private float getFullyConvertedLowerBounds(Expr expr) {
-  result = getTruncatedLowerBounds(expr.getFullyConverted())
-}
-
 /**
  * Gets the lower bounds of the expression.
  *
@@ -498,13 +505,6 @@ private float getTruncatedLowerBounds(Expr expr) {
     result = exprMinVal(expr)
 }
 
-/**
- * Gets the truncated upper bounds of the fully converted expression.
- */
-private float getFullyConvertedUpperBounds(Expr expr) {
-  result = getTruncatedUpperBounds(expr.getFullyConverted())
-}
-
 /**
  * Gets the upper bounds of the expression.
  *
@@ -728,7 +728,9 @@ private float getLowerBoundsImpl(Expr expr) {
   or
   // Use SSA to get the lower bounds for a variable use.
   exists(RangeSsaDefinition def, StackVariable v | expr = def.getAUse(v) |
-    result = getDefLowerBounds(def, v)
+    result = getDefLowerBounds(def, v) and
+    // Not explicitly modeled by a SimpleRangeAnalysisExpr
+    not expr instanceof SimpleRangeAnalysisExpr
   )
   or
   // unsigned `&` (tighter bounds may exist)
@@ -744,6 +746,12 @@ private float getLowerBoundsImpl(Expr expr) {
     right = rsExpr.getRightOperand().getFullyConverted().getValue().toInt() and
     result = safeFloor(left / 2.pow(right))
   )
+  or
+  // A modeled expression for range analysis
+  exists(SimpleRangeAnalysisExpr rangeAnalysisExpr |
+    rangeAnalysisExpr = expr and
+    result = rangeAnalysisExpr.getLowerBounds()
+  )
 }
 
 /** Only to be called by `getTruncatedUpperBounds`. */
@@ -902,7 +910,9 @@ private float getUpperBoundsImpl(Expr expr) {
   or
   // Use SSA to get the upper bounds for a variable use.
   exists(RangeSsaDefinition def, StackVariable v | expr = def.getAUse(v) |
-    result = getDefUpperBounds(def, v)
+    result = getDefUpperBounds(def, v) and
+    // Not explicitly modeled by a SimpleRangeAnalysisExpr
+    not expr instanceof SimpleRangeAnalysisExpr
   )
   or
   // unsigned `&` (tighter bounds may exist)
@@ -920,6 +930,12 @@ private float getUpperBoundsImpl(Expr expr) {
     right = rsExpr.getRightOperand().getFullyConverted().getValue().toInt() and
     result = safeFloor(left / 2.pow(right))
   )
+  or
+  // A modeled expression for range analysis
+  exists(SimpleRangeAnalysisExpr rangeAnalysisExpr |
+    rangeAnalysisExpr = expr and
+    result = rangeAnalysisExpr.getUpperBounds()
+  )
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1504,3 +1520,25 @@ private module SimpleRangeAnalysisCached {
     convertedExprMightOverflowPositively(expr)
   }
 }
+
+/**
+ * INTERNAL: do not use. This module contains utilities for use in the
+ * experimental `SimpleRangeAnalysisExpr` module.
+ */
+module SimpleRangeAnalysisInternal {
+  /**
+   * Gets the truncated lower bounds of the fully converted expression.
+   */
+  float getFullyConvertedLowerBounds(Expr expr) {
+    result = getTruncatedLowerBounds(expr.getFullyConverted())
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the truncated upper bounds of the fully converted expression.
+   */
+  float getFullyConvertedUpperBounds(Expr expr) {
+    result = getTruncatedUpperBounds(expr.getFullyConverted())
+  }
+}
+
+private import SimpleRangeAnalysisInternal

cpp/ql/test/experimental/library-tests/rangeanalysis/extensibility/extensibility.c

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/// Adds its arguments (has custom modeling in QL)
+int custom_add_function(int a, int b);
+
+int test_extensibility_add(int x) {
+  if (x >= -10 && x <= 10) {
+    int result = custom_add_function(x, 100);
+    return result; // 90 .. 110
+  }
+}

cpp/ql/test/experimental/library-tests/rangeanalysis/extensibility/extensibility.expected

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+| extensibility.c:5:7:5:7 | x | -2.147483648E9 | 2.147483647E9 |
+| extensibility.c:5:19:5:19 | x | -10.0 | 2.147483647E9 |
+| extensibility.c:6:38:6:38 | x | -10.0 | 10.0 |
+| extensibility.c:7:12:7:17 | result | 90.0 | 110.0 |

cpp/ql/test/experimental/library-tests/rangeanalysis/extensibility/extensibility.ql

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import semmle.code.cpp.rangeanalysis.SimpleRangeAnalysis
+import experimental.semmle.code.cpp.models.interfaces.SimpleRangeAnalysisExpr
+
+class CustomAddFunctionCall extends SimpleRangeAnalysisExpr, FunctionCall {
+  CustomAddFunctionCall() { this.getTarget().hasGlobalName("custom_add_function") }
+
+  override float getLowerBounds() {
+    exists(float lower0, float lower1 |
+      lower0 = getFullyConvertedLowerBounds(this.getArgument(0)) and
+      lower1 = getFullyConvertedLowerBounds(this.getArgument(1)) and
+      // Note: this rounds toward 0, not -Inf as it should
+      result = lower0 + lower1
+    )
+  }
+
+  override float getUpperBounds() {
+    exists(float upper0, float upper1 |
+      upper0 = getFullyConvertedUpperBounds(this.getArgument(0)) and
+      upper1 = getFullyConvertedUpperBounds(this.getArgument(1)) and
+      // Note: this rounds toward 0, not Inf as it should
+      result = upper0 + upper1
+    )
+  }
+
+  override predicate dependsOnChild(Expr child) { child = this.getAnArgument() }
+}
+
+from VariableAccess expr, float lower, float upper
+where
+  lower = lowerBound(expr) and
+  upper = upperBound(expr)
+select expr, lower, upper