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codeql/csharp/ql/lib/semmle/code/csharp/controlflow/BasicBlocks.qll
Andrew Eisenberg c9f1c98390 Packaging: C# refactoring
Split c# pack into `codeql/csharp-all` and `codeql/csharp-queries`.
2021-08-19 14:09:35 -07:00

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/**
* Provides classes representing basic blocks.
*/
import csharp
private import ControlFlow::SuccessorTypes
/**
* A basic block, that is, a maximal straight-line sequence of control flow nodes
* without branches or joins.
*/
class BasicBlock extends TBasicBlockStart {
/** Gets an immediate successor of this basic block, if any. */
BasicBlock getASuccessor() { result.getFirstNode() = getLastNode().getASuccessor() }
/** Gets an immediate successor of this basic block of a given type, if any. */
BasicBlock getASuccessorByType(ControlFlow::SuccessorType t) {
result.getFirstNode() = this.getLastNode().getASuccessorByType(t)
}
/** Gets an immediate predecessor of this basic block, if any. */
BasicBlock getAPredecessor() { result.getASuccessor() = this }
/** Gets an immediate predecessor of this basic block of a given type, if any. */
BasicBlock getAPredecessorByType(ControlFlow::SuccessorType t) {
result.getASuccessorByType(t) = this
}
/**
* Gets an immediate `true` successor, if any.
*
* An immediate `true` successor is a successor that is reached when
* the condition that ends this basic block evaluates to `true`.
*
* Example:
*
* ```csharp
* if (x < 0)
* x = -x;
* ```
*
* The basic block on line 2 is an immediate `true` successor of the
* basic block on line 1.
*/
BasicBlock getATrueSuccessor() { result.getFirstNode() = getLastNode().getATrueSuccessor() }
/**
* Gets an immediate `false` successor, if any.
*
* An immediate `false` successor is a successor that is reached when
* the condition that ends this basic block evaluates to `false`.
*
* Example:
*
* ```csharp
* if (!(x >= 0))
* x = -x;
* ```
*
* The basic block on line 2 is an immediate `false` successor of the
* basic block on line 1.
*/
BasicBlock getAFalseSuccessor() { result.getFirstNode() = getLastNode().getAFalseSuccessor() }
/** Gets the control flow node at a specific (zero-indexed) position in this basic block. */
ControlFlow::Node getNode(int pos) { bbIndex(getFirstNode(), result, pos) }
/** Gets a control flow node in this basic block. */
ControlFlow::Node getANode() { result = getNode(_) }
/** Gets the first control flow node in this basic block. */
ControlFlow::Node getFirstNode() { this = TBasicBlockStart(result) }
/** Gets the last control flow node in this basic block. */
ControlFlow::Node getLastNode() { result = getNode(length() - 1) }
/** Gets the callable that this basic block belongs to. */
final Callable getCallable() { result = this.getFirstNode().getEnclosingCallable() }
/** Gets the length of this basic block. */
int length() { result = strictcount(getANode()) }
/**
* Holds if this basic block immediately dominates basic block `bb`.
*
* That is, all paths reaching basic block `bb` from some entry point
* basic block must go through this basic block (which is an immediate
* predecessor of `bb`).
*
* Example:
*
* ```csharp
* int M(string s) {
* if (s == null)
* throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(s));
* return s.Length;
* }
* ```
*
* The basic block starting on line 2 strictly dominates the
* basic block on line 4 (all paths from the entry point of `M`
* to `return s.Length;` must go through the null check).
*/
predicate immediatelyDominates(BasicBlock bb) { bbIDominates(this, bb) }
/**
* Holds if this basic block strictly dominates basic block `bb`.
*
* That is, all paths reaching basic block `bb` from some entry point
* basic block must go through this basic block (which must be different
* from `bb`).
*
* Example:
*
* ```csharp
* int M(string s) {
* if (s == null)
* throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(s));
* return s.Length;
* }
* ```
*
* The basic block starting on line 2 strictly dominates the
* basic block on line 4 (all paths from the entry point of `M`
* to `return s.Length;` must go through the null check).
*/
predicate strictlyDominates(BasicBlock bb) { bbIDominates+(this, bb) }
/**
* Holds if this basic block dominates basic block `bb`.
*
* That is, all paths reaching basic block `bb` from some entry point
* basic block must go through this basic block.
*
* Example:
*
* ```csharp
* int M(string s) {
* if (s == null)
* throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(s));
* return s.Length;
* }
* ```
*
* The basic block starting on line 2 dominates the basic
* block on line 4 (all paths from the entry point of `M` to
* `return s.Length;` must go through the null check).
*
* This predicate is *reflexive*, so for example `if (s == null)` dominates
* itself.
*/
predicate dominates(BasicBlock bb) {
bb = this or
strictlyDominates(bb)
}
/**
* Holds if `df` is in the dominance frontier of this basic block.
* That is, this basic block dominates a predecessor of `df`, but
* does not dominate `df` itself.
*
* Example:
*
* ```csharp
* if (x < 0) {
* x = -x;
* if (x > 10)
* x--;
* }
* Console.Write(x);
* ```
*
* The basic block on line 6 is in the dominance frontier
* of the basic block starting on line 2 because that block
* dominates the basic block on line 4, which is a predecessor of
* `Console.Write(x);`. Also, the basic block starting on line 2
* does not dominate the basic block on line 6.
*/
predicate inDominanceFrontier(BasicBlock df) {
dominatesPredecessor(df) and
not strictlyDominates(df)
}
/**
* Holds if this basic block dominates a predecessor of `df`.
*/
private predicate dominatesPredecessor(BasicBlock df) { dominates(df.getAPredecessor()) }
/**
* Gets the basic block that immediately dominates this basic block, if any.
*
* That is, all paths reaching this basic block from some entry point
* basic block must go through the result, which is an immediate basic block
* predecessor of this basic block.
*
* Example:
*
* ```csharp
* int M(string s) {
* if (s == null)
* throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(s));
* return s.Length;
* }
* ```
*
* The basic block starting on line 2 is an immediate dominator of
* the basic block online 4 (all paths from the entry point of `M`
* to `return s.Length;` must go through the null check, and the null check
* is an immediate predecessor of `return s.Length;`).
*/
BasicBlock getImmediateDominator() { bbIDominates(result, this) }
/**
* Holds if this basic block strictly post-dominates basic block `bb`.
*
* That is, all paths reaching a normal exit point basic block from basic
* block `bb` must go through this basic block (which must be different
* from `bb`).
*
* Example:
*
* ```csharp
* int M(string s) {
* try {
* return s.Length;
* }
* finally {
* Console.WriteLine("M");
* }
* }
* ```
*
* The basic block on line 6 strictly post-dominates the basic block on
* line 3 (all paths to the exit point of `M` from `return s.Length;`
* must go through the `WriteLine` call).
*/
predicate strictlyPostDominates(BasicBlock bb) { bbIPostDominates+(this, bb) }
/**
* Holds if this basic block post-dominates basic block `bb`.
*
* That is, all paths reaching a normal exit point basic block from basic
* block `bb` must go through this basic block.
*
* Example:
*
* ```csharp
* int M(string s) {
* try {
* return s.Length;
* }
* finally {
* Console.WriteLine("M");
* }
* }
* ```
*
* The basic block on line 6 post-dominates the basic block on line 3
* (all paths to the exit point of `M` from `return s.Length;` must go
* through the `WriteLine` call).
*
* This predicate is *reflexive*, so for example `Console.WriteLine("M");`
* post-dominates itself.
*/
predicate postDominates(BasicBlock bb) {
strictlyPostDominates(bb) or
this = bb
}
/**
* Holds if this basic block is in a loop in the control flow graph. This
* includes loops created by `goto` statements. This predicate may not hold
* even if this basic block is syntactically inside a `while` loop if the
* necessary back edges are unreachable.
*/
predicate inLoop() { this.getASuccessor+() = this }
/** Gets a textual representation of this basic block. */
string toString() { result = getFirstNode().toString() }
/** Gets the location of this basic block. */
Location getLocation() { result = getFirstNode().getLocation() }
}
/**
* Internal implementation details.
*/
cached
private module Internal {
/** Internal representation of basic blocks. */
cached
newtype TBasicBlock = TBasicBlockStart(ControlFlow::Node cfn) { startsBB(cfn) }
/** Holds if `cfn` starts a new basic block. */
private predicate startsBB(ControlFlow::Node cfn) {
not exists(cfn.getAPredecessor()) and exists(cfn.getASuccessor())
or
cfn.isJoin()
or
cfn.getAPredecessor().isBranch()
or
/*
* In cases such as
* ```csharp
* if (b)
* M()
* ```
* where the `false` edge out of `b` is not present (because we can prove it
* impossible), we still split up the basic block in two, in order to generate
* a `ConditionBlock` which can be used by the guards library.
*/
exists(cfn.getAPredecessorByType(any(ControlFlow::SuccessorTypes::ConditionalSuccessor s)))
}
/**
* Holds if `succ` is a control flow successor of `pred` within
* the same basic block.
*/
private predicate intraBBSucc(ControlFlow::Node pred, ControlFlow::Node succ) {
succ = pred.getASuccessor() and
not startsBB(succ)
}
/**
* Holds if `cfn` is the `i`th node in basic block `bb`.
*
* In other words, `i` is the shortest distance from a node `bb`
* that starts a basic block to `cfn` along the `intraBBSucc` relation.
*/
cached
predicate bbIndex(ControlFlow::Node bbStart, ControlFlow::Node cfn, int i) =
shortestDistances(startsBB/1, intraBBSucc/2)(bbStart, cfn, i)
/**
* Holds if the first node of basic block `succ` is a control flow
* successor of the last node of basic block `pred`.
*/
private predicate succBB(BasicBlock pred, BasicBlock succ) { succ = pred.getASuccessor() }
/** Holds if `dom` is an immediate dominator of `bb`. */
cached
predicate bbIDominates(BasicBlock dom, BasicBlock bb) =
idominance(entryBB/1, succBB/2)(_, dom, bb)
/** Holds if `pred` is a basic block predecessor of `succ`. */
private predicate predBB(BasicBlock succ, BasicBlock pred) { succBB(pred, succ) }
/** Holds if `bb` is an exit basic block that represents normal exit. */
private predicate normalExitBB(BasicBlock bb) {
bb.getANode().(ControlFlow::Nodes::AnnotatedExitNode).isNormal()
}
/** Holds if `dom` is an immediate post-dominator of `bb`. */
cached
predicate bbIPostDominates(BasicBlock dom, BasicBlock bb) =
idominance(normalExitBB/1, predBB/2)(_, dom, bb)
}
private import Internal
/**
* An entry basic block, that is, a basic block whose first node is
* the entry node of a callable.
*/
class EntryBasicBlock extends BasicBlock {
EntryBasicBlock() { entryBB(this) }
}
/** Holds if `bb` is an entry basic block. */
private predicate entryBB(BasicBlock bb) {
bb.getFirstNode() instanceof ControlFlow::Nodes::EntryNode
}
/**
* An annotated exit basic block, that is, a basic block that contains
* an annotated exit node.
*/
class AnnotatedExitBasicBlock extends BasicBlock {
private boolean isNormal;
AnnotatedExitBasicBlock() {
this.getANode() =
any(ControlFlow::Nodes::AnnotatedExitNode n |
if n.isNormal() then isNormal = true else isNormal = false
)
}
/** Holds if this block represents a normal exit. */
predicate isNormal() { isNormal = true }
}
/**
* An exit basic block, that is, a basic block whose last node is
* the exit node of a callable.
*/
class ExitBasicBlock extends BasicBlock {
ExitBasicBlock() { this.getLastNode() instanceof ControlFlow::Nodes::ExitNode }
}
private module JoinBlockPredecessors {
private import ControlFlow::Nodes
private import semmle.code.csharp.controlflow.internal.ControlFlowGraphImpl
int getId(JoinBlockPredecessor jbp) {
exists(ControlFlowTree::Range_ t | ControlFlowTree::idOf(t, result) |
t = jbp.getFirstNode().getElement()
or
t = jbp.(EntryBasicBlock).getCallable()
)
}
string getSplitString(JoinBlockPredecessor jbp) {
result = jbp.getFirstNode().(ElementNode).getSplitsString()
or
not exists(jbp.getFirstNode().(ElementNode).getSplitsString()) and
result = ""
}
}
/** A basic block with more than one predecessor. */
class JoinBlock extends BasicBlock {
JoinBlock() { getFirstNode().isJoin() }
/**
* Gets the `i`th predecessor of this join block, with respect to some
* arbitrary order.
*/
cached
JoinBlockPredecessor getJoinBlockPredecessor(int i) {
result =
rank[i + 1](JoinBlockPredecessor jbp |
jbp = this.getAPredecessor()
|
jbp order by JoinBlockPredecessors::getId(jbp), JoinBlockPredecessors::getSplitString(jbp)
)
}
}
/** A basic block that is an immediate predecessor of a join block. */
class JoinBlockPredecessor extends BasicBlock {
JoinBlockPredecessor() { this.getASuccessor() instanceof JoinBlock }
}
/** A basic block that terminates in a condition, splitting the subsequent control flow. */
class ConditionBlock extends BasicBlock {
ConditionBlock() { this.getLastNode().isCondition() }
/**
* Holds if basic block `succ` is immediately controlled by this basic
* block with conditional value `s`. That is, `succ` is an immediate
* successor of this block, and `succ` can only be reached from
* the callable entry point by going via the `s` edge out of this basic block.
*/
pragma[nomagic]
predicate immediatelyControls(BasicBlock succ, ConditionalSuccessor s) {
succ = this.getASuccessorByType(s) and
forall(BasicBlock pred | pred = succ.getAPredecessor() and pred != this | succ.dominates(pred))
}
/**
* Holds if basic block `controlled` is controlled by this basic block with
* conditional value `s`. That is, `controlled` can only be reached from
* the callable entry point by going via the `s` edge out of this basic block.
*/
predicate controls(BasicBlock controlled, ConditionalSuccessor s) {
/*
* For this block to control the block `controlled` with `testIsTrue` the following must be true:
* Execution must have passed through the test i.e. `this` must strictly dominate `controlled`.
* Execution must have passed through the `testIsTrue` edge leaving `this`.
*
* Although "passed through the true edge" implies that `this.getATrueSuccessor()` dominates `controlled`,
* the reverse is not true, as flow may have passed through another edge to get to `this.getATrueSuccessor()`
* so we need to assert that `this.getATrueSuccessor()` dominates `controlled` *and* that
* all predecessors of `this.getATrueSuccessor()` are either `this` or dominated by `this.getATrueSuccessor()`.
*
* For example, in the following C# snippet:
* ```csharp
* if (x)
* controlled;
* false_successor;
* uncontrolled;
* ```
* `false_successor` dominates `uncontrolled`, but not all of its predecessors are `this` (`if (x)`)
* or dominated by itself. Whereas in the following code:
* ```csharp
* if (x)
* while (controlled)
* also_controlled;
* false_successor;
* uncontrolled;
* ```
* the block `while controlled` is controlled because all of its predecessors are `this` (`if (x)`)
* or (in the case of `also_controlled`) dominated by itself.
*
* The additional constraint on the predecessors of the test successor implies
* that `this` strictly dominates `controlled` so that isn't necessary to check
* directly.
*/
exists(BasicBlock succ | this.immediatelyControls(succ, s) | succ.dominates(controlled))
}
}