codeql/python/ql/src/Expressions/Formatting/AdvancedFormatting.qll

import python
private import LegacyPointsTo

/** A string constant that looks like it may be used in string formatting operations. */
class PossibleAdvancedFormatString extends StringLiteral {
  PossibleAdvancedFormatString() { this.getText().matches("%{%}%") }

  private predicate field(int start, int end) {
    brace_pair(this, start, end) and
    this.getText().substring(start, end) != "{{}}"
  }

  /** Gets the number of the formatting field at [start, end) */
  int getFieldNumber(int start, int end) {
    result = this.fieldId(start, end).toInt()
    or
    this.implicitlyNumberedField(start, end) and
    result = count(int s | this.implicitlyNumberedField(s, _) and s < start)
  }

  /** Gets the text of the formatting field at [start, end) */
  string getField(int start, int end) {
    this.field(start, end) and
    result = this.getText().substring(start, end)
  }

  private string fieldId(int start, int end) {
    this.field(start, end) and
    (
      result = this.getText().substring(start, end).regexpCapture("\\{([^!:.\\[]+)[!:.\\[].*", 1)
      or
      result = this.getText().substring(start + 1, end - 1) and result.regexpMatch("[^!:.\\[]+")
    )
  }

  /** Gets the name of the formatting field at [start, end) */
  string getFieldName(int start, int end) {
    result = this.fieldId(start, end) and
    not exists(this.getFieldNumber(start, end))
  }

  private predicate implicitlyNumberedField(int start, int end) {
    this.field(start, end) and
    exists(string c | start + 1 = this.getText().indexOf(c) | c in ["}", ":", "!", "."])
  }

  /** Whether this format string has implicitly numbered fields */
  predicate isImplicitlyNumbered() { this.implicitlyNumberedField(_, _) }

  /** Whether this format string has explicitly numbered fields */
  predicate isExplicitlyNumbered() { exists(this.fieldId(_, _).toInt()) }
}

/** Holds if the formatting string `fmt` contains a sequence of braces `{` of length `len`, beginning at index `index`. */
predicate brace_sequence(PossibleAdvancedFormatString fmt, int index, int len) {
  exists(string text | text = fmt.getText() |
    text.charAt(index) = "{" and not text.charAt(index - 1) = "{" and len = 1
    or
    text.charAt(index) = "{" and
    text.charAt(index - 1) = "{" and
    brace_sequence(fmt, index - 1, len - 1)
  )
}

/** Holds if index `index` in the format string `fmt` contains an escaped brace `{`. */
predicate escaped_brace(PossibleAdvancedFormatString fmt, int index) {
  exists(int len | brace_sequence(fmt, index, len) | len % 2 = 0)
}

/** Holds if index `index` in the format string `fmt` contains a left brace `{` that acts as an escape character. */
predicate escaping_brace(PossibleAdvancedFormatString fmt, int index) {
  escaped_brace(fmt, index + 1)
}

private predicate inner_brace_pair(PossibleAdvancedFormatString fmt, int start, int end) {
  not escaping_brace(fmt, start) and
  not escaped_brace(fmt, start) and
  fmt.getText().charAt(start) = "{" and
  exists(string pair |
    pair = fmt.getText().suffix(start).regexpCapture("(?s)(\\{([^{}]|\\{\\{)*+\\}).*", 1)
  |
    end = start + pair.length()
  )
}

private predicate brace_pair(PossibleAdvancedFormatString fmt, int start, int end) {
  inner_brace_pair(fmt, start, end)
  or
  not escaping_brace(fmt, start) and
  not escaped_brace(fmt, start) and
  exists(string prefix, string postfix, int innerstart, int innerend |
    brace_pair(fmt, innerstart, innerend) and
    prefix = fmt.getText().regexpFind("\\{([^{}]|\\{\\{)+\\{", _, start) and
    innerstart = start + prefix.length() - 1 and
    postfix = fmt.getText().regexpFind("\\}([^{}]|\\}\\})*\\}", _, innerend - 1) and
    end = innerend + postfix.length() - 1
  )
}

private predicate advanced_format_call(Call format_expr, PossibleAdvancedFormatString fmt, int args) {
  exists(CallNode call | call = format_expr.getAFlowNode() |
    call.getFunction().(ControlFlowNodeWithPointsTo).pointsTo(Value::named("format")) and
    call.getArg(0).(ControlFlowNodeWithPointsTo).pointsTo(_, fmt.getAFlowNode()) and
    args = count(format_expr.getAnArg()) - 1
    or
    call.getFunction()
        .(AttrNode)
        .getObject("format")
        .(ControlFlowNodeWithPointsTo)
        .pointsTo(_, fmt.getAFlowNode()) and
    args = count(format_expr.getAnArg())
  )
}

/** A string constant that has the `format` method applied to it. */
class AdvancedFormatString extends PossibleAdvancedFormatString {
  AdvancedFormatString() { advanced_format_call(_, this, _) }
}

/** A string formatting operation that uses the `format` method. */
class AdvancedFormattingCall extends Call {
  AdvancedFormattingCall() { advanced_format_call(this, _, _) }

  /** Count of the arguments actually provided */
  int providedArgCount() { advanced_format_call(this, _, result) }

  /** Gets a formatting string for this call. */
  AdvancedFormatString getAFormat() { advanced_format_call(this, result, _) }
}