codeql/python/ql/lib/LegacyPointsTo.qll

/**
 * DEPRECATED: Using the methods in this module may lead to a degradation of performance. Use at
 * your own peril.
 *
 * This module contains legacy points-to predicates and methods for various classes in the
 * points-to analysis.
 *
 * Existing code that depends on, say, points-to predicates on `ControlFlowNode` should be modified
 * to use `ControlFlowNodeWithPointsTo` instead. In particular, if inside a method call chain such
 * as
 *
 * `someCallNode.getFunction().pointsTo(...)`
 *
 *  an explicit cast should be added as follows
 *
 * `someCallNode.getFunction().(ControlFlowNodeWithPointsTo).pointsTo(...)`
 *
 * Similarly, if a bound variable has type `ControlFlowNode`, and a points-to method is called on
 * it, the type should be changed to `ControlFlowNodeWithPointsTo`.
 */

private import python
import semmle.python.pointsto.Base
import semmle.python.pointsto.Context
import semmle.python.pointsto.PointsTo
import semmle.python.pointsto.PointsToContext
import semmle.python.objects.ObjectAPI
import semmle.python.objects.ObjectInternal
import semmle.python.types.Object
import semmle.python.types.ClassObject
import semmle.python.types.FunctionObject
import semmle.python.types.ModuleObject
import semmle.python.types.Exceptions
import semmle.python.types.Properties
import semmle.python.types.ImportTime
import semmle.python.types.Descriptors
import semmle.python.SelfAttribute

/**
 * An extension of `ControlFlowNode` that provides points-to predicates.
 */
class ControlFlowNodeWithPointsTo extends ControlFlowNode {
  /** Gets the value that this ControlFlowNode points-to. */
  predicate pointsTo(Value value) { this.pointsTo(_, value, _) }

  /** Gets the value that this ControlFlowNode points-to. */
  Value pointsTo() { this.pointsTo(_, result, _) }

  /** Gets a value that this ControlFlowNode may points-to. */
  Value inferredValue() { this.pointsTo(_, result, _) }

  /** Gets the value and origin that this ControlFlowNode points-to. */
  predicate pointsTo(Value value, ControlFlowNode origin) { this.pointsTo(_, value, origin) }

  /** Gets the value and origin that this ControlFlowNode points-to, given the context. */
  predicate pointsTo(Context context, Value value, ControlFlowNode origin) {
    PointsTo::pointsTo(this, context, value, origin)
  }

  /**
   * Gets what this flow node might "refer-to". Performs a combination of localized (intra-procedural) points-to
   * analysis and global module-level analysis. This points-to analysis favours precision over recall. It is highly
   * precise, but may not provide information for a significant number of flow-nodes.
   * If the class is unimportant then use `refersTo(value)` or `refersTo(value, origin)` instead.
   */
  pragma[nomagic]
  predicate refersTo(Object obj, ClassObject cls, ControlFlowNode origin) {
    this.refersTo(_, obj, cls, origin)
  }

  /** Gets what this expression might "refer-to" in the given `context`. */
  pragma[nomagic]
  predicate refersTo(Context context, Object obj, ClassObject cls, ControlFlowNode origin) {
    not obj = unknownValue() and
    not cls = theUnknownType() and
    PointsTo::points_to(this, context, obj, cls, origin)
  }

  /**
   * Whether this flow node might "refer-to" to `value` which is from `origin`
   * Unlike `this.refersTo(value, _, origin)` this predicate includes results
   * where the class cannot be inferred.
   */
  pragma[nomagic]
  predicate refersTo(Object obj, ControlFlowNode origin) {
    not obj = unknownValue() and
    PointsTo::points_to(this, _, obj, _, origin)
  }

  /** Equivalent to `this.refersTo(value, _)` */
  predicate refersTo(Object obj) { this.refersTo(obj, _) }

  /**
   * Check whether this control-flow node has complete points-to information.
   * This would mean that the analysis managed to infer an over approximation
   * of possible values at runtime.
   */
  predicate hasCompletePointsToSet() {
    // If the tracking failed, then `this` will be its own "origin". In that
    // case, we want to exclude nodes for which there is also a different
    // origin, as that would indicate that some paths failed and some did not.
    this.refersTo(_, _, this) and
    not exists(ControlFlowNode other | other != this and this.refersTo(_, _, other))
    or
    // If `this` is a use of a variable, then we must have complete points-to
    // for that variable.
    exists(SsaVariable v | v.getAUse() = this | varHasCompletePointsToSet(v))
  }
}

/**
 * Check whether a SSA variable has complete points-to information.
 * This would mean that the analysis managed to infer an overapproximation
 * of possible values at runtime.
 */
private predicate varHasCompletePointsToSet(SsaVariable var) {
  // Global variables may be modified non-locally or concurrently.
  not var.getVariable() instanceof GlobalVariable and
  (
    // If we have complete points-to information on the definition of
    // this variable, then the variable has complete information.
    var.getDefinition()
        .(DefinitionNode)
        .getValue()
        .(ControlFlowNodeWithPointsTo)
        .hasCompletePointsToSet()
    or
    // If this variable is a phi output, then we have complete
    // points-to information about it if all phi inputs had complete
    // information.
    forex(SsaVariable phiInput | phiInput = var.getAPhiInput() |
      varHasCompletePointsToSet(phiInput)
    )
  )
}

/**
 * An extension of `Expr` that provides points-to predicates.
 */
class ExprWithPointsTo extends Expr {
  /**
   * NOTE: `refersTo` will be deprecated in 2019. Use `pointsTo` instead.
   * Gets what this expression might "refer-to". Performs a combination of localized (intra-procedural) points-to
   *  analysis and global module-level analysis. This points-to analysis favours precision over recall. It is highly
   *  precise, but may not provide information for a significant number of flow-nodes.
   *  If the class is unimportant then use `refersTo(value)` or `refersTo(value, origin)` instead.
   * NOTE: For complex dataflow, involving multiple stages of points-to analysis, it may be more precise to use
   * `ControlFlowNode.refersTo(...)` instead.
   */
  predicate refersTo(Object obj, ClassObject cls, AstNode origin) {
    this.refersTo(_, obj, cls, origin)
  }

  /**
   * NOTE: `refersTo` will be deprecated in 2019. Use `pointsTo` instead.
   * Gets what this expression might "refer-to" in the given `context`.
   */
  predicate refersTo(Context context, Object obj, ClassObject cls, AstNode origin) {
    this.getAFlowNode()
        .(ControlFlowNodeWithPointsTo)
        .refersTo(context, obj, cls, origin.getAFlowNode())
  }

  /**
   * NOTE: `refersTo` will be deprecated in 2019. Use `pointsTo` instead.
   * Holds if this expression might "refer-to" to `value` which is from `origin`
   * Unlike `this.refersTo(value, _, origin)`, this predicate includes results
   * where the class cannot be inferred.
   */
  pragma[nomagic]
  predicate refersTo(Object obj, AstNode origin) {
    this.getAFlowNode().(ControlFlowNodeWithPointsTo).refersTo(obj, origin.getAFlowNode())
  }

  /**
   * NOTE: `refersTo` will be deprecated in 2019. Use `pointsTo` instead.
   * Equivalent to `this.refersTo(value, _)`
   */
  predicate refersTo(Object obj) { this.refersTo(obj, _) }

  /**
   * Holds if this expression might "point-to" to `value` which is from `origin`
   * in the given `context`.
   */
  predicate pointsTo(Context context, Value value, AstNode origin) {
    this.getAFlowNode()
        .(ControlFlowNodeWithPointsTo)
        .pointsTo(context, value, origin.getAFlowNode())
  }

  /**
   * Holds if this expression might "point-to" to `value` which is from `origin`.
   */
  predicate pointsTo(Value value, AstNode origin) {
    this.getAFlowNode().(ControlFlowNodeWithPointsTo).pointsTo(value, origin.getAFlowNode())
  }

  /**
   * Holds if this expression might "point-to" to `value`.
   */
  predicate pointsTo(Value value) { this.pointsTo(value, _) }

  /** Gets a value that this expression might "point-to". */
  Value pointsTo() { this.pointsTo(result) }

  override string getAQlClass() { none() }
}

/**
 * An extension of `Module` that provides points-to related methods.
 */
class ModuleWithPointsTo extends Module {
  /** Gets a name exported by this module, that is the names that will be added to a namespace by 'from this-module import *' */
  string getAnExport() {
    py_exports(this, result)
    or
    exists(ModuleObjectInternal mod | mod.getSource() = this.getEntryNode() |
      mod.(ModuleValue).exports(result)
    )
  }

  override string getAQlClass() { none() }
}