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codeql/python/ql/src/Functions/MethodArgNames.qll
2025-02-12 09:40:45 +00:00

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/** Definitions for reasoning about the expected first argument names for methods. */
import python
import semmle.python.ApiGraphs
import semmle.python.dataflow.new.internal.DataFlowDispatch
import DataFlow
/** Holds if `f` is a method of the class `c`. */
private predicate methodOfClass(Function f, Class c) {
exists(FunctionDef d | d.getDefinedFunction() = f and d.getScope() = c)
}
/** Holds if `c` is a metaclass. */
private predicate isMetaclass(Class c) {
c = API::builtin("type").getASubclass*().asSource().asExpr().(ClassExpr).getInnerScope()
}
/** Holds if `c` is a Zope interface. */
private predicate isZopeInterface(Class c) {
c =
API::moduleImport("zope")
.getMember("interface")
.getMember("Interface")
.getASubclass*()
.asSource()
.asExpr()
.(ClassExpr)
.getInnerScope()
}
/**
* Holds if `f` is used in the initialisation of `c`.
* This means `f` isn't being used as a normal method.
* Ideally it should be a `@staticmethod`; however this wasn't possible prior to Python 3.10.
* We exclude this case from the `not-named-self` query.
* However there is potential for a new query that specifically covers and alerts for this case.
*/
private predicate usedInInit(Function f, Class c) {
methodOfClass(f, c) and
exists(Call call |
call.getScope() = c and
DataFlow::localFlow(DataFlow::exprNode(f.getDefinition()), DataFlow::exprNode(call.getFunc()))
)
}
/**
* Holds if `f` has no arguments, and also has a decorator.
* We assume that the decorator affect the method in such a way that a `self` parameter is unneeded.
*/
private predicate noArgsWithDecorator(Function f) {
not exists(f.getAnArg()) and
exists(f.getADecorator())
}
/** Holds if the first parameter of `f` should be named `self`. */
predicate shouldBeSelf(Function f, Class c) {
methodOfClass(f, c) and
not isStaticmethod(f) and
not isClassmethod(f) and
not isMetaclass(c) and
not isZopeInterface(c) and
not usedInInit(f, c) and
not noArgsWithDecorator(f)
}
/** Holds if the first parameter of `f` should be named `cls`. */
predicate shouldBeCls(Function f, Class c) {
methodOfClass(f, c) and
not isStaticmethod(f) and
(
isClassmethod(f) and not isMetaclass(c)
or
isMetaclass(c) and not isClassmethod(f)
)
}
/** Holds if the first parameter of `f` is named `self`. */
predicate firstArgNamedSelf(Function f) { f.getArgName(0) = "self" }
/** Holds if the first parameter of `f` refers to the class - it is either named `cls`, or it is named `self` and is a method of a metaclass. */
predicate firstArgRefersToCls(Function f, Class c) {
methodOfClass(f, c) and
exists(string argname | argname = f.getArgName(0) |
argname = "cls"
or
/* Not PEP8, but relatively common */
argname = "mcls"
or
/* If c is a metaclass, allow arguments named `self`. */
argname = "self" and
isMetaclass(c)
)
}
/** Holds if the first parameter of `f` should be named `self`, but isn't. */
predicate firstArgShouldBeNamedSelfAndIsnt(Function f) {
shouldBeSelf(f, _) and
not firstArgNamedSelf(f)
}
/** Holds if the first parameter of `f` should be named `cls`, but isn't. */
predicate firstArgShouldReferToClsAndDoesnt(Function f) {
exists(Class c |
methodOfClass(f, c) and
shouldBeCls(f, c) and
not firstArgRefersToCls(f, c)
)
}