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codeql/python/ql/lib/semmle/python/security/OverlyLargeRangeQuery.qll

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/**
* Classes and predicates for working with suspicious character ranges.
*/
// We don't need the NFA utils, just the regexp tree.
// but the below is a nice shared library that exposes the API we need.
import regexp.NfaUtils
/**
* Gets a rank for `range` that is unique for ranges in the same file.
* Prioritizes ranges that match more characters.
*/
int rankRange(RegExpCharacterRange range) {
range =
rank[result](RegExpCharacterRange r, Location l, int low, int high |
r.getLocation() = l and
isRange(r, low, high)
|
r order by (high - low) desc, l.getStartLine(), l.getStartColumn()
)
}
/** Holds if `range` spans from the unicode code points `low` to `high` (both inclusive). */
predicate isRange(RegExpCharacterRange range, int low, int high) {
exists(string lowc, string highc |
range.isRange(lowc, highc) and
low.toUnicode() = lowc and
high.toUnicode() = highc
)
}
/** Holds if `char` is an alpha-numeric character. */
predicate isAlphanumeric(string char) {
// written like this to avoid having a bindingset for the predicate
char = [[48 .. 57], [65 .. 90], [97 .. 122]].toUnicode() // 0-9, A-Z, a-z
}
/**
* Holds if the given ranges are from the same character class
* and there exists at least one character matched by both ranges.
*/
predicate overlap(RegExpCharacterRange a, RegExpCharacterRange b) {
exists(RegExpCharacterClass clz |
a = clz.getAChild() and
b = clz.getAChild() and
a != b
|
exists(int alow, int ahigh, int blow, int bhigh |
isRange(a, alow, ahigh) and
isRange(b, blow, bhigh) and
alow <= bhigh and
blow <= ahigh
)
)
}
/**
* Holds if `range` overlaps with the char class `escape` from the same character class.
*/
predicate overlapsWithCharEscape(RegExpCharacterRange range, RegExpCharacterClassEscape escape) {
exists(RegExpCharacterClass clz, string low, string high |
range = clz.getAChild() and
escape = clz.getAChild() and
range.isRange(low, high)
|
escape.getValue() = "w" and
getInRange(low, high).regexpMatch("\\w")
or
escape.getValue() = "d" and
getInRange(low, high).regexpMatch("\\d")
or
escape.getValue() = "s" and
getInRange(low, high).regexpMatch("\\s")
)
}
/** Gets the unicode code point for a `char`. */
bindingset[char]
int toCodePoint(string char) { result.toUnicode() = char }
/** A character range that appears to be overly wide. */
class OverlyWideRange extends RegExpCharacterRange {
OverlyWideRange() {
exists(int low, int high, int numChars |
isRange(this, low, high) and
numChars = (1 + high - low) and
this.getRootTerm().isUsedAsRegExp() and
numChars >= 10
|
// across the Z-a range (which includes backticks)
toCodePoint("Z") >= low and
toCodePoint("a") <= high
or
// across the 9-A range (which includes e.g. ; and ?)
toCodePoint("9") >= low and
toCodePoint("A") <= high
or
// a non-alphanumeric char as part of the range boundaries
exists(int bound | bound = [low, high] | not isAlphanumeric(bound.toUnicode()))
) and
// allowlist for known ranges
not this = allowedWideRanges()
}
/** Gets a string representation of a character class that matches the same chars as this range. */
string printEquivalent() { result = RangePrinter::printEquivalentCharClass(this) }
}
/** Gets a range that should not be reported as an overly wide range. */
RegExpCharacterRange allowedWideRanges() {
// ~ is the last printable ASCII character, it's used right in various wide ranges.
result.isRange(_, "~")
or
// the same with " " and "!". " " is the first printable character, and "!" is the first non-white-space printable character.
result.isRange([" ", "!"], _)
or
// the `[@-_]` range is intentional
result.isRange("@", "_")
or
// starting from the zero byte is a good indication that it's purposely matching a large range.
result.isRange(0.toUnicode(), _)
}
/** Gets a char between (and including) `low` and `high`. */
bindingset[low, high]
private string getInRange(string low, string high) {
result = [toCodePoint(low) .. toCodePoint(high)].toUnicode()
}
/** A module computing an equivalent character class for an overly wide range. */
module RangePrinter {
bindingset[char]
bindingset[result]
private string next(string char) {
exists(int prev, int next |
prev.toUnicode() = char and
next.toUnicode() = result and
next = prev + 1
)
}
/** Gets the points where the parts of the pretty printed range should be cut off. */
private string cutoffs() { result = ["A", "Z", "a", "z", "0", "9"] }
/** Gets the char to use in the low end of a range for a given `cut` */
private string lowCut(string cut) {
cut = ["A", "a", "0"] and
result = cut
or
cut = ["Z", "z", "9"] and
result = next(cut)
}
/** Gets the char to use in the high end of a range for a given `cut` */
private string highCut(string cut) {
cut = ["Z", "z", "9"] and
result = cut
or
cut = ["A", "a", "0"] and
next(result) = cut
}
/** Gets the cutoff char used for a given `part` of a range when pretty-printing it. */
private string cutoff(OverlyWideRange range, int part) {
exists(int low, int high | isRange(range, low, high) |
result =
rank[part + 1](string cut |
cut = cutoffs() and low < toCodePoint(cut) and toCodePoint(cut) < high
|
cut order by toCodePoint(cut)
)
)
}
/** Gets the number of parts we should print for a given `range`. */
private int parts(OverlyWideRange range) { result = 1 + strictcount(cutoff(range, _)) }
/** Holds if the given part of a range should span from `low` to `high`. */
private predicate part(OverlyWideRange range, int part, string low, string high) {
// first part.
part = 0 and
(
range.isRange(low, high) and
parts(range) = 1
or
parts(range) >= 2 and
range.isRange(low, _) and
high = highCut(cutoff(range, part))
)
or
// middle
part >= 1 and
part < parts(range) - 1 and
low = lowCut(cutoff(range, part - 1)) and
high = highCut(cutoff(range, part))
or
// last.
part = parts(range) - 1 and
low = lowCut(cutoff(range, part - 1)) and
range.isRange(_, high)
}
/** Gets an escaped `char` for use in a character class. */
bindingset[char]
private string escape(string char) {
exists(string reg | reg = "(\\[|\\]|\\\\|-|/)" |
if char.regexpMatch(reg) then result = "\\" + char else result = char
)
}
/** Gets a part of the equivalent range. */
private string printEquivalentCharClass(OverlyWideRange range, int part) {
exists(string low, string high | part(range, part, low, high) |
if
isAlphanumeric(low) and
isAlphanumeric(high)
then result = low + "-" + high
else
result =
strictconcat(string char | char = getInRange(low, high) | escape(char) order by char)
)
}
/** Gets the entire pretty printed equivalent range. */
string printEquivalentCharClass(OverlyWideRange range) {
result =
strictconcat(string r, int part |
r = "[" and part = -1 and exists(range)
or
r = printEquivalentCharClass(range, part)
or
r = "]" and part = parts(range)
|
r order by part
)
}
}
/** Gets a char range that is overly large because of `reason`. */
RegExpCharacterRange getABadRange(string reason, int priority) {
priority = 0 and
reason = "is equivalent to " + result.(OverlyWideRange).printEquivalent()
or
priority = 1 and
exists(RegExpCharacterRange other |
reason = "overlaps with " + other + " in the same character class" and
rankRange(result) < rankRange(other) and
overlap(result, other)
)
or
priority = 2 and
exists(RegExpCharacterClassEscape escape |
reason = "overlaps with " + escape + " in the same character class" and
overlapsWithCharEscape(result, escape)
)
or
reason = "is empty" and
priority = 3 and
exists(int low, int high |
isRange(result, low, high) and
low > high
)
}
/** Holds if `range` matches suspiciously many characters. */
predicate problem(RegExpCharacterRange range, string reason) {
reason =
strictconcat(string m, int priority |
range = getABadRange(m, priority)
|
m, ", and " order by priority desc
) and
// specifying a range using an escape is usually OK.
not range.getAChild() instanceof RegExpEscape and
// Unicode escapes in strings are interpreted before it turns into a regexp,
// so e.g. [\u0001-\uFFFF] will just turn up as a range between two constants.
// We therefore exclude these ranges.
range.getRootTerm().getParent() instanceof RegExpLiteral and
// is used as regexp (mostly for JS where regular expressions are parsed eagerly)
range.getRootTerm().isUsedAsRegExp()
}