Open3.popen3("echo foo") Open3.popen2("echo foo") Open3.popen2e("echo foo") Open3.capture3("echo foo") Open3.capture2("echo foo") Open3.capture2e("echo foo") Open3.pipeline_rw("echo foo", "grep bar") Open3.pipeline_r("echo foo", "grep bar") Open3.pipeline_w("echo foo", "grep bar") Open3.pipeline_start("echo foo", "grep bar") Open3.pipeline("echo foo", "grep bar") Open4::open4("echo foo") Open4::popen4("echo foo") Open4.spawn("echo bar") Open4.popen4ext("echo foo") Open4.popen4ext("echo", "foo") Open4.popen4ext(true, "echo foo") Open4.popen4ext(true, "echo", "foo")