Avoid inconsistent implicit toString on potential string subtypes

Fix cases where the compiler cannot prove types don't extend string:

1. FileSystem.qll: Add toString() to ContainerBase signature. The
   instantiation sites already provide toString(), so no changes needed
   there. Container.toString() now delegates to super.toString().
   No behaviour change.

2. DataFlowImplCommon.qll: Content.toString() now delegates to
   super.toString() instead of returning the literal "Content".
   This is a behaviour change: Content now displays its actual
   description (e.g. field names) rather than the generic "Content".

.github/workflows/compile-queries.yml

@@ -17,9 +17,41 @@ permissions:
   contents: read
 
 jobs:
-  compile-queries:
+  detect-changes:
     if: github.repository_owner == 'github'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      languages: ${{ steps.detect.outputs.languages }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - name: Detect changed languages
+        id: detect
+        run: |
+          if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "pull_request" ]]; then
+            # For PRs, detect which languages have changes
+            changed_files=$(gh pr view ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }} --json files --jq '.files.[].path')
+            languages=()
+            for lang in actions cpp csharp go java javascript python ql ruby rust swift; do
+              if echo "$changed_files" | grep -qE "^($lang/|shared/)" ; then
+                languages+=("$lang")
+              fi
+            done
+            echo "languages=$(jq -c -n '$ARGS.positional' --args "${languages[@]}")" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          else
+            # For pushes to main/rc branches, run all languages
+            echo 'languages=["actions","cpp","csharp","go","java","javascript","python","ql","ruby","rust","swift"]' >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          fi
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+
+  compile-queries:
+    needs: detect-changes
+    if: github.repository_owner == 'github' && needs.detect-changes.outputs.languages != '[]'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest-xl
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        language: ${{ fromJson(needs.detect-changes.outputs.languages) }}
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v5
@@ -31,16 +63,16 @@ jobs:
         id: query-cache
         uses: ./.github/actions/cache-query-compilation
         with: 
-          key: all-queries
+          key: ${{ matrix.language }}-queries
       - name: check formatting
-        run: find shared */ql -type f \( -name "*.qll" -o -name "*.ql" \) -print0 | xargs -0 -n 3000 -P 10 codeql query format -q --check-only
+        run: find shared ${{ matrix.language }}/ql -type f \( -name "*.qll" -o -name "*.ql" \) -print0 | xargs -0 -n 3000 -P 10 codeql query format -q --check-only
       - name: compile queries - check-only
         # run with --check-only if running in a PR (github.sha != main)
         if : ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
         shell: bash
-        run: codeql query compile -q -j0 */ql/{src,examples} --keep-going --warnings=error --check-only --compilation-cache "${{ steps.query-cache.outputs.cache-dir }}" --compilation-cache-size=500 --ram=56000
+        run: codeql query compile -q -j0 ${{ matrix.language }}/ql/{src,examples} --keep-going --warnings=error --check-only --compilation-cache "${{ steps.query-cache.outputs.cache-dir }}" --compilation-cache-size=500 --ram=56000
       - name: compile queries - full
         # do full compile if running on main - this populates the cache
         if : ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
         shell: bash
-        run: codeql query compile -q -j0 */ql/{src,examples} --keep-going --warnings=error --compilation-cache "${{ steps.query-cache.outputs.cache-dir }}" --compilation-cache-size=500 --ram=56000
+        run: codeql query compile -q -j0 ${{ matrix.language }}/ql/{src,examples} --keep-going --warnings=error --compilation-cache "${{ steps.query-cache.outputs.cache-dir }}" --compilation-cache-size=500 --ram=56000

.github/workflows/ql-for-ql-build.yml

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: github/codeql-action/init@main
         with:
           languages: javascript # does not matter
+          tools: nightly
       - uses: ./.github/actions/os-version
         id: os_version
       ### Build the extractor ###

.github/workflows/ql-for-ql-tests.yml

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: github/codeql-action/init@main
         with:
           languages: javascript # does not matter
+          tools: nightly
       - uses: ./.github/actions/os-version
         id: os_version
       - uses: actions/cache@v3
@@ -75,6 +76,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: github/codeql-action/init@main
         with:
           languages: javascript # does not matter
+          tools: nightly
       - uses: ./.github/actions/os-version
         id: os_version
       - uses: actions/cache@v3

MODULE.bazel

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ bazel_dep(name = "bazel_skylib", version = "1.8.1")
 bazel_dep(name = "abseil-cpp", version = "20240116.1", repo_name = "absl")
 bazel_dep(name = "nlohmann_json", version = "3.11.3", repo_name = "json")
 bazel_dep(name = "fmt", version = "12.1.0-codeql.1")
-bazel_dep(name = "rules_kotlin", version = "2.1.3-codeql.1")
+bazel_dep(name = "rules_kotlin", version = "2.2.0-codeql.1")
 bazel_dep(name = "gazelle", version = "0.40.0")
 bazel_dep(name = "rules_dotnet", version = "0.21.5-codeql.1")
 bazel_dep(name = "googletest", version = "1.14.0.bcr.1")
@@ -221,10 +221,6 @@ use_repo(
     kotlin_extractor_deps,
     "codeql_kotlin_defaults",
     "codeql_kotlin_embeddable",
-    "kotlin-compiler-1.6.0",
-    "kotlin-compiler-1.6.20",
-    "kotlin-compiler-1.7.0",
-    "kotlin-compiler-1.7.20",
     "kotlin-compiler-1.8.0",
     "kotlin-compiler-1.9.0-Beta",
     "kotlin-compiler-1.9.20-Beta",
@@ -234,10 +230,7 @@ use_repo(
     "kotlin-compiler-2.1.20-Beta1",
     "kotlin-compiler-2.2.0-Beta1",
     "kotlin-compiler-2.2.20-Beta2",
-    "kotlin-compiler-embeddable-1.6.0",
-    "kotlin-compiler-embeddable-1.6.20",
-    "kotlin-compiler-embeddable-1.7.0",
-    "kotlin-compiler-embeddable-1.7.20",
+    "kotlin-compiler-2.3.0",
     "kotlin-compiler-embeddable-1.8.0",
     "kotlin-compiler-embeddable-1.9.0-Beta",
     "kotlin-compiler-embeddable-1.9.20-Beta",
@@ -247,10 +240,7 @@ use_repo(
     "kotlin-compiler-embeddable-2.1.20-Beta1",
     "kotlin-compiler-embeddable-2.2.0-Beta1",
     "kotlin-compiler-embeddable-2.2.20-Beta2",
-    "kotlin-stdlib-1.6.0",
-    "kotlin-stdlib-1.6.20",
-    "kotlin-stdlib-1.7.0",
-    "kotlin-stdlib-1.7.20",
+    "kotlin-compiler-embeddable-2.3.0",
     "kotlin-stdlib-1.8.0",
     "kotlin-stdlib-1.9.0-Beta",
     "kotlin-stdlib-1.9.20-Beta",
@@ -260,14 +250,15 @@ use_repo(
     "kotlin-stdlib-2.1.20-Beta1",
     "kotlin-stdlib-2.2.0-Beta1",
     "kotlin-stdlib-2.2.20-Beta2",
+    "kotlin-stdlib-2.3.0",
 )
 
 go_sdk = use_extension("@rules_go//go:extensions.bzl", "go_sdk")
-go_sdk.download(version = "1.25.0")
+go_sdk.download(version = "1.26.0")
 
 go_deps = use_extension("@gazelle//:extensions.bzl", "go_deps")
 go_deps.from_file(go_mod = "//go/extractor:go.mod")
-use_repo(go_deps, "org_golang_x_mod", "org_golang_x_tools")
+use_repo(go_deps, "com_github_stretchr_testify", "org_golang_x_mod", "org_golang_x_tools")
 
 ripunzip_archive = use_repo_rule("//misc/ripunzip:ripunzip.bzl", "ripunzip_archive")
 

actions/ql/examples/codeql-pack.lock.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+---
+lockVersion: 1.0.0
+dependencies: {}
+compiled: false

actions/ql/examples/qlpack.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+name: codeql/actions-examples
+groups:
+  - actions
+  - examples
+dependencies:
+  codeql/actions-all: ${workspace}
+warnOnImplicitThis: true

actions/ql/examples/snippets/uses_pinned_sha.ql

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/**
+ * @name Uses step with pinned SHA
+ * @description Finds 'uses' steps where the version is a pinned SHA.
+ * @id actions/examples/uses-pinned-sha
+ * @tags example
+ */
+
+import actions
+
+from UsesStep uses
+where uses.getVersion().regexpMatch("^[A-Fa-f0-9]{40}$")
+select uses, "This 'uses' step has a pinned SHA version."

actions/ql/lib/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+## 0.4.27
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* Fixed a crash when analysing a `${{ ... }}` expression over around 300 characters in length.
+
+## 0.4.26
+
+### Major Analysis Improvements
+
+* The query `actions/code-injection/medium` has been updated to include results which were incorrectly excluded while filtering out results that are reported by `actions/code-injection/critical`.
+
+## 0.4.25
+
+No user-facing changes.
+
 ## 0.4.24
 
 No user-facing changes.

actions/ql/lib/change-notes/released/0.4.25.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+## 0.4.25
+
+No user-facing changes.

actions/ql/lib/change-notes/released/0.4.26.md

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
----
-category: majorAnalysis
----
+## 0.4.26
+
+### Major Analysis Improvements
+
 * The query `actions/code-injection/medium` has been updated to include results which were incorrectly excluded while filtering out results that are reported by `actions/code-injection/critical`.

actions/ql/lib/change-notes/released/0.4.27.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+## 0.4.27
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* Fixed a crash when analysing a `${{ ... }}` expression over around 300 characters in length.

actions/ql/lib/codeql-pack.release.yml

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 ---
-lastReleaseVersion: 0.4.24
+lastReleaseVersion: 0.4.27

actions/ql/lib/codeql/actions/ast/internal/Ast.qll

@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ string getADelimitedExpression(YamlString s, int offset) {
   // not just the last (greedy match) or first (reluctant match).
   result =
     s.getValue()
-        .regexpFind("\\$\\{\\{(?:[^}]|}(?!}))*\\}\\}", _, offset)
-        .regexpCapture("(\\$\\{\\{(?:[^}]|}(?!}))*\\}\\})", 1)
+        .regexpFind("\\$\\{\\{(?:[^}]|}(?!}))*+\\}\\}", _, offset)
+        .regexpCapture("(\\$\\{\\{(?:[^}]|}(?!}))*+\\}\\})", 1)
         .trim()
 }
 

actions/ql/lib/qlpack.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 name: codeql/actions-all
-version: 0.4.25-dev
+version: 0.4.28-dev
 library: true
 warnOnImplicitThis: true
 dependencies:

actions/ql/src/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,15 @@
+## 0.6.19
+
+No user-facing changes.
+
+## 0.6.18
+
+No user-facing changes.
+
+## 0.6.17
+
+No user-facing changes.
+
 ## 0.6.16
 
 No user-facing changes.

actions/ql/src/change-notes/released/0.6.17.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+## 0.6.17
+
+No user-facing changes.

actions/ql/src/change-notes/released/0.6.18.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+## 0.6.18
+
+No user-facing changes.

actions/ql/src/change-notes/released/0.6.19.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+## 0.6.19
+
+No user-facing changes.

actions/ql/src/codeql-pack.release.yml

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 ---
-lastReleaseVersion: 0.6.16
+lastReleaseVersion: 0.6.19

actions/ql/src/qlpack.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 name: codeql/actions-queries
-version: 0.6.17-dev
+version: 0.6.20-dev
 library: false
 warnOnImplicitThis: true
 groups: [actions, queries]

actions/ql/test/library-tests/very-long-expression/very_long_expression_node.expected

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+| 97418 |

actions/ql/test/library-tests/very-long-expression/very_long_expression_node.ql

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import codeql.actions.ast.internal.Ast
+
+int getAnExpressionLength() { result = any(ExpressionImpl e).toString().length() }
+
+select max(getAnExpressionLength())

cpp/downgrades/1402ab319d20cdc9289deb7bfc1c70f36be44d44/exprs.ql

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+class Expr extends @expr {
+  string toString() { none() }
+}
+
+class Location extends @location_default {
+  string toString() { none() }
+}
+
+predicate isExprWithNewBuiltin(Expr expr) {
+  exists(int kind | exprs(expr, kind, _) | 394 <= kind and kind <= 396)
+}
+
+from Expr expr, int kind, int kind_new, Location location
+where
+  exprs(expr, kind, location) and
+  if isExprWithNewBuiltin(expr) then kind_new = 1 else kind_new = kind
+select expr, kind_new, location

cpp/downgrades/1402ab319d20cdc9289deb7bfc1c70f36be44d44/upgrade.properties

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+description: Add new builtin operations and this parameter access table
+compatibility: partial
+exprs.rel: run exprs.qlo
+param_ref_to_this.rel: delete

cpp/downgrades/7e7c2f55670f8123d514cf542ccb1938118ac561/upgrade.properties

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+description: Add trap_filename, source_file_uses_trap and in_trap relations
+compatibility: full
+trap_filename.rel: delete
+source_file_uses_trap.rel: delete
+in_trap.rel: delete

cpp/downgrades/83100310bf73eefc37c1d8d0ac98b2ca3019c7b6/upgrade.properties

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+description: Sections for databaseMetadata and overlayChangedFiles
+compatibility: full

cpp/downgrades/9439176c1d1312787926458dd54d65a849069118/preprocdirects.ql

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+class PreprocessorDirective extends @preprocdirect {
+  string toString() { none() }
+}
+
+class Location extends @location_default {
+  string toString() { none() }
+}
+
+from PreprocessorDirective ppd, int kind, int kind_new, Location l
+where
+  preprocdirects(ppd, kind, l) and
+  if kind = 17 then kind_new = /* ppd_warning */ 18 else kind_new = kind
+select ppd, kind_new, l

cpp/downgrades/9439176c1d1312787926458dd54d65a849069118/upgrade.properties

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+description: Support embed preprocessor directive
+compatibility: partial
+embeds.rel: delete
+preprocdirects.rel: run preprocdirects.qlo

cpp/downgrades/d2d611b3fdcc7c4fe370f0d115200a3aa6ad5837/upgrade.properties

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+description: Remove _Decimal{32,64,128} types
+compatibility: full

cpp/ql/lib/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,49 @@
+## 7.1.0
+
+### New Features
+
+* Added a subclass `Embed` of `PreprocessorDirective` for C23 and C++26 `#embed` preprocessor directives.
+* Added modules `DataFlow::ParameterizedBarrierGuard` and `DataFlow::ParameterizedInstructionBarrierGuard`. These modules provide the same features as `DataFlow::BarrierGuard` and `DataFlow::InstructionBarrierGuard`, but allow for an additional parameter to support properly using them in dataflow configurations that uses flow states.
+
+### Minor Analysis Improvements
+
+* The `Buffer.qll` library will no longer report incorrect buffer sizes on certain malformed databases. As a result, the queries `cpp/static-buffer-overflow`, `cpp/overflow-buffer`, `cpp/badly-bounded-write`, `cpp/overrunning-write`, `cpp/overrunning-write-with-float`, and `cpp/very-likely-overrunning-write` will report fewer false positives on such databases.
+* Added `taint` summary models and `sql-injection` barrier models for the MySQL `mysql_real_escape_string` and `mysql_real_escape_string_quote` escaping functions.
+* The predicate `SummarizedCallable.propagatesFlow` has been extended with the columns `Provenance p` and `boolean isExact`, and as a consequence the predicates `SummarizedCallable.hasProvenance` and `SummarizedCallable.hasExactModel` have been removed.
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* Fixed a bug in the `GuardCondition` library which sometimes prevented binary logical operators from being recognized as guard conditions. As a result, queries using `GuardCondition` may see improved results.
+* Fixed a bug which caused `Node.asDefinition()` to not have a result for certain assignments.
+
+## 7.0.0
+
+### Breaking Changes
+
+* The `_Decimal32`, `_Decimal64`, and `_Decimal128` types are no longer exposed as builtin types. Support for these gcc-specific types was incomplete, and are generally not used in C/C++ codebases.
+
+### Deprecated APIs
+
+* The `OverloadedArrayExpr::getArrayOffset/0` predicate has been deprecated. Use `OverloadedArrayExpr::getArrayOffset/1` and `OverloadedArrayExpr::getAnArrayOffset` instead.
+
+### New Features
+
+* Added subclasses of `BuiltInOperations` for the `__is_bitwise_cloneable`, `__is_invocable`, and `__is_nothrow_invocable` builtin operations.
+* Added a `isThisAccess` predicate to `ParamAccessForType` that holds when the access is to the implicit object parameter.
+* Predicates `getArrayOffset/1` and `getAnArrayOffset` have been added to the `OverloadedArrayExpr` class to support C++23 multidimensional subscript operators.
+
+### Minor Analysis Improvements
+
+* Some constants will now be represented by their unfolded expression trees. The `isConstant` predicate of `Expr` will no longer yield a result for those constants.
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* Fixed a bug in the `DataFlow::BarrierGuard<...>::getABarrierNode` predicate which caused the predicate to return `DataFlow::Node`s with incorrect indirections. If you use `getABarrierNode` to implement barriers in a dataflow/taint-tracking query it may result in more query results. You can use `DataFlow::BarrierGuard<...>::getAnIndirectBarrierNode` to remove those query results.
+
+## 6.1.4
+
+No user-facing changes.
+
 ## 6.1.3
 
 No user-facing changes.

cpp/ql/lib/change-notes/2026-01-02-constant-folding.md

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
----
-category: minorAnalysis
----
-* Some constants will now be represented by their unfolded expression trees. The `isConstant` predicate of `Expr` will no longer yield a result for those constants.

cpp/ql/lib/change-notes/2026-02-03-windows-remote-flow-sources.md

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+---
+category: minorAnalysis
+---
+* Added remote flow source models for the `winhttp.h` windows header and the Azure SDK core library for C/C++.

cpp/ql/lib/change-notes/released/6.1.4.md

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+## 6.1.4
+
+No user-facing changes.

cpp/ql/lib/change-notes/released/7.0.0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+## 7.0.0
+
+### Breaking Changes
+
+* The `_Decimal32`, `_Decimal64`, and `_Decimal128` types are no longer exposed as builtin types. Support for these gcc-specific types was incomplete, and are generally not used in C/C++ codebases.
+
+### Deprecated APIs
+
+* The `OverloadedArrayExpr::getArrayOffset/0` predicate has been deprecated. Use `OverloadedArrayExpr::getArrayOffset/1` and `OverloadedArrayExpr::getAnArrayOffset` instead.
+
+### New Features
+
+* Added subclasses of `BuiltInOperations` for the `__is_bitwise_cloneable`, `__is_invocable`, and `__is_nothrow_invocable` builtin operations.
+* Added a `isThisAccess` predicate to `ParamAccessForType` that holds when the access is to the implicit object parameter.
+* Predicates `getArrayOffset/1` and `getAnArrayOffset` have been added to the `OverloadedArrayExpr` class to support C++23 multidimensional subscript operators.
+
+### Minor Analysis Improvements
+
+* Some constants will now be represented by their unfolded expression trees. The `isConstant` predicate of `Expr` will no longer yield a result for those constants.
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* Fixed a bug in the `DataFlow::BarrierGuard<...>::getABarrierNode` predicate which caused the predicate to return `DataFlow::Node`s with incorrect indirections. If you use `getABarrierNode` to implement barriers in a dataflow/taint-tracking query it may result in more query results. You can use `DataFlow::BarrierGuard<...>::getAnIndirectBarrierNode` to remove those query results.

cpp/ql/lib/change-notes/released/7.1.0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+## 7.1.0
+
+### New Features
+
+* Added a subclass `Embed` of `PreprocessorDirective` for C23 and C++26 `#embed` preprocessor directives.
+* Added modules `DataFlow::ParameterizedBarrierGuard` and `DataFlow::ParameterizedInstructionBarrierGuard`. These modules provide the same features as `DataFlow::BarrierGuard` and `DataFlow::InstructionBarrierGuard`, but allow for an additional parameter to support properly using them in dataflow configurations that uses flow states.
+
+### Minor Analysis Improvements
+
+* The `Buffer.qll` library will no longer report incorrect buffer sizes on certain malformed databases. As a result, the queries `cpp/static-buffer-overflow`, `cpp/overflow-buffer`, `cpp/badly-bounded-write`, `cpp/overrunning-write`, `cpp/overrunning-write-with-float`, and `cpp/very-likely-overrunning-write` will report fewer false positives on such databases.
+* Added `taint` summary models and `sql-injection` barrier models for the MySQL `mysql_real_escape_string` and `mysql_real_escape_string_quote` escaping functions.
+* The predicate `SummarizedCallable.propagatesFlow` has been extended with the columns `Provenance p` and `boolean isExact`, and as a consequence the predicates `SummarizedCallable.hasProvenance` and `SummarizedCallable.hasExactModel` have been removed.
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* Fixed a bug in the `GuardCondition` library which sometimes prevented binary logical operators from being recognized as guard conditions. As a result, queries using `GuardCondition` may see improved results.
+* Fixed a bug which caused `Node.asDefinition()` to not have a result for certain assignments.

cpp/ql/lib/codeql-pack.release.yml

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 ---
-lastReleaseVersion: 6.1.3
+lastReleaseVersion: 7.1.0

cpp/ql/lib/ext/MySql.model.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# partial model of the MySQL api
+extensions:
+  - addsTo:
+      pack: codeql/cpp-all
+      extensible: summaryModel
+    data: # namespace, type, subtypes, name, signature, ext, input, output, kind, provenance
+      - ["", "", False, "mysql_real_escape_string", "", "", "Argument[*2]", "Argument[*1]", "taint", "manual"]
+      - ["", "", False, "mysql_real_escape_string_quote", "", "", "Argument[*2]", "Argument[*1]", "taint", "manual"]
+  - addsTo:
+      pack: codeql/cpp-all
+      extensible: barrierModel
+    data: # namespace, type, subtypes, name, signature, ext, output, kind, provenance
+      - ["", "", False, "mysql_real_escape_string", "", "", "Argument[*1]", "sql-injection", "manual"]
+      - ["", "", False, "mysql_real_escape_string_quote", "", "", "Argument[*1]", "sql-injection", "manual"]

cpp/ql/lib/ext/Windows.model.yml

@@ -24,6 +24,13 @@ extensions:
       - ["", "", False, "MapViewOfFileNuma2", "", "", "ReturnValue[*]", "local", "manual"]
       # ntifs.h
       - ["", "", False, "NtReadFile", "", "", "Argument[*5]", "local", "manual"]
+      # winhttp.h
+      - ["", "", False, "WinHttpReadData", "", "", "Argument[*1]", "remote", "manual"]
+      - ["", "", False, "WinHttpReadDataEx", "", "", "Argument[*1]", "remote", "manual"]
+      - ["", "", False, "WinHttpQueryHeaders", "", "", "Argument[*3]", "remote", "manual"]
+      - ["", "", False, "WinHttpQueryHeadersEx", "", "", "Argument[*5]", "remote", "manual"]
+      - ["", "", False, "WinHttpQueryHeadersEx", "", "", "Argument[*6]", "remote", "manual"]
+      - ["", "", False, "WinHttpQueryHeadersEx", "", "", "Argument[**8]", "remote", "manual"]
   - addsTo:
       pack: codeql/cpp-all
       extensible: summaryModel
@@ -46,4 +53,6 @@ extensions:
       - ["", "", False, "RtlMoveMemory", "", "", "Argument[*@1]", "Argument[*@0]", "value", "manual"]
       - ["", "", False, "RtlMoveVolatileMemory", "", "", "Argument[*@1]", "Argument[*@0]", "value", "manual"]
       # winternl.h
-      - ["", "", False, "RtlInitUnicodeString", "", "", "Argument[*1]", "Argument[*0].Field[*Buffer]", "value", "manual"]
+      - ["", "", False, "RtlInitUnicodeString", "", "", "Argument[*1]", "Argument[*0].Field[*Buffer]", "value", "manual"]
+      # winhttp.h
+      - ["", "", False, "WinHttpCrackUrl", "", "", "Argument[*0]", "Argument[*3]", "taint", "manual"]

cpp/ql/lib/ext/azure.core.model.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+extensions:
+  - addsTo:
+      pack: codeql/cpp-all
+      extensible: sourceModel
+    data: # namespace, type, subtypes, name, signature, ext, output, kind, provenance
+      - ["Azure::Core::Http", "RawResponse", True, "GetHeaders", "", "", "ReturnValue[*]", "remote", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure::Core::Http", "RawResponse", True, "GetBody", "", "", "ReturnValue[*]", "remote", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure::Core::Http", "RawResponse", True, "ExtractBodyStream", "", "", "ReturnValue[*]", "remote", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure::Core::Http", "Request", True, "GetHeaders", "", "", "ReturnValue", "remote", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure::Core::Http", "Request", True, "GetHeader", "", "", "ReturnValue", "remote", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure::Core::Http", "Request", True, "GetBodyStream", "", "", "ReturnValue[*]", "remote", "manual"]
+
+  - addsTo:
+      pack: codeql/cpp-all
+      extensible: summaryModel
+    data: # namespace, type, subtypes, name, signature, ext, input, output, kind, provenance
+      - ["Azure::Core", "Url", True, "Url", "", "", "Argument[*0]", "Argument[-1]", "taint", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure::Core", "Url", True, "SetScheme", "", "", "Argument[*0]", "Argument[-1]", "taint", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure::Core", "Url", True, "SetHost", "", "", "Argument[*0]", "Argument[-1]", "taint", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure::Core", "Url", True, "SetPort", "", "", "Argument[0]", "Argument[-1]", "taint", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure::Core", "Url", True, "SetPath", "", "", "Argument[*0]", "Argument[-1]", "taint", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure::Core", "Url", True, "SetQueryParameters", "", "", "Argument[0]", "Argument[-1]", "taint", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure::Core", "Url", True, "AppendPath", "", "", "Argument[*0]", "Argument[-1]", "taint", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure::Core", "Url", True, "AppendQueryParameter", "", "", "Argument[*1]", "Argument[-1]", "taint", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure::Core", "Url", True, "GetHost", "", "", "Argument[-1]", "ReturnValue[*]", "taint", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure::Core", "Url", True, "GetPath", "", "", "Argument[-1]", "ReturnValue[*]", "taint", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure::Core", "Url", True, "GetPort", "", "", "Argument[-1]", "ReturnValue", "taint", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure::Core", "Url", True, "GetQueryParameters", "", "", "Argument[-1]", "ReturnValue", "taint", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure::Core", "Url", True, "GetScheme", "", "", "Argument[-1]", "ReturnValue[*]", "taint", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure::Core", "Url", True, "GetRelativeUrl", "", "", "Argument[-1]", "ReturnValue", "taint", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure::Core", "Url", True, "GetAbsoluteUrl", "", "", "Argument[-1]", "ReturnValue", "taint", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure::Core", "Url", True, "Decode", "", "", "Argument[*0]", "ReturnValue", "taint", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure::Core", "Url", True, "Encode", "", "", "Argument[*0]", "ReturnValue", "taint", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure::Core::IO", "BodyStream", True, "Read", "", "", "Argument[-1]", "Argument[*0]", "taint", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure::Core::IO", "BodyStream", True, "ReadToCount", "", "", "Argument[-1]", "Argument[*0]", "taint", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure::Core::IO", "BodyStream", True, "ReadToEnd", "", "", "Argument[-1]", "ReturnValue.Element", "taint", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure", "Nullable", True, "Nullable", "", "", "Argument[0]", "Argument[-1]", "taint", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure", "Nullable", True, "operator=", "", "", "Argument[*0]", "Argument[-1]", "value", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure", "Nullable", True, "Value", "", "", "Argument[-1]", "ReturnValue[*]", "taint", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure", "Nullable", True, "operator->", "", "", "Argument[-1]", "ReturnValue[*]", "taint", "manual"]
+      - ["Azure", "Nullable", True, "operator*", "", "", "Argument[-1]", "ReturnValue[*]", "taint", "manual"]

cpp/ql/lib/qlpack.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 name: codeql/cpp-all
-version: 6.1.4-dev
+version: 7.1.1-dev
 groups: cpp
 dbscheme: semmlecode.cpp.dbscheme
 extractor: cpp

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/Element.qll

@@ -192,6 +192,15 @@ class Element extends ElementBase {
    */
   predicate isAffectedByMacro() { affectedByMacro(this) }
 
+  /**
+   * INTERNAL: Do not use.
+   *
+   * Holds if this element is affected by the expansion of `mi`.
+   */
+  predicate isAffectedByMacro(MacroInvocation mi) {
+    affectedbymacroexpansion(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(mi))
+  }
+
   private Element getEnclosingElementPref() {
     enclosingfunction(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) or
     result.(Function) = stmtEnclosingElement(this) or

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/Macro.qll

@@ -239,6 +239,9 @@ class MacroInvocation extends MacroAccess {
     macro_argument_unexpanded(underlyingElement(this), i, result)
   }
 
+  /** Gets the number of arguments for this macro invocation. */
+  int getNumberOfArguments() { result = count(int i | exists(this.getUnexpandedArgument(i)) | i) }
+
   /**
    * Gets the `i`th _expanded_ argument of this macro invocation, where the
    * first argument has `i = 0`. The result has been expanded for macros _and_

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/Preprocessor.qll

@@ -328,3 +328,27 @@ class PreprocessorPragma extends PreprocessorDirective, @ppd_pragma {
 class PreprocessorLine extends PreprocessorDirective, @ppd_line {
   override string toString() { result = "#line " + this.getHead() }
 }
+
+/**
+ * A C23 or C++26 `#embed` preprocessor directive. For example, the following code
+ * contains one `Embed` directive:
+ * ```cpp
+ * char arr[] = {
+ * #embed "bin"
+ * };
+ * ```
+ */
+class Embed extends PreprocessorDirective, @ppd_embed {
+  override string toString() { result = "#embed " + this.getIncludeText() }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the token which occurs after `#embed`, for example `"filename"`
+   * or `<filename>`.
+   */
+  string getIncludeText() { result = this.getHead() }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the file directly embedded by this `#embed`.
+   */
+  File getEmbeddedFile() { embeds(underlyingElement(this), unresolveElement(result)) }
+}

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/PrintAST.qll

@@ -1050,10 +1050,10 @@ private predicate namedExprChildPredicates(Expr expr, Element ele, string pred)
     expr.(Call).getQualifier() = ele and
     pred = "getQualifier()"
     or
-    // OverloadedArrayExpr::getArrayBase/0 and OverloadedArrayExpr::getArrayOffset/0 also consider arguments, and are already handled below.
+    // OverloadedArrayExpr::getArrayBase/0 and OverloadedArrayExpr::getArrayOffset/1 also consider arguments, and are already handled below.
     exists(int n, Expr arg | expr.(Call).getArgument(n) = arg |
       not expr.(OverloadedArrayExpr).getArrayBase() = arg and
-      not expr.(OverloadedArrayExpr).getArrayOffset() = arg and
+      not expr.(OverloadedArrayExpr).getAnArrayOffset() = arg and
       arg = ele and
       pred = "getArgument(" + n.toString() + ")"
     )
@@ -1062,7 +1062,10 @@ private predicate namedExprChildPredicates(Expr expr, Element ele, string pred)
     or
     expr.(OverloadedArrayExpr).getArrayBase() = ele and pred = "getArrayBase()"
     or
-    expr.(OverloadedArrayExpr).getArrayOffset() = ele and pred = "getArrayOffset()"
+    exists(int n |
+      expr.(OverloadedArrayExpr).getArrayOffset(n) = ele and
+      pred = "getArrayOffset(" + n.toString() + ")"
+    )
     or
     // OverloadedPointerDereferenceExpr::getExpr/0 also considers qualifiers, and is already handled above for all Call classes.
     not expr.(OverloadedPointerDereferenceExpr).getQualifier() =

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/Type.qll

@@ -802,15 +802,6 @@ private predicate floatingPointTypeMapping(
   // _Complex __float128
   kind = 39 and base = 2 and domain = TComplexDomain() and realKind = 38 and extended = false
   or
-  // _Decimal32
-  kind = 40 and base = 10 and domain = TRealDomain() and realKind = 40 and extended = false
-  or
-  // _Decimal64
-  kind = 41 and base = 10 and domain = TRealDomain() and realKind = 41 and extended = false
-  or
-  // _Decimal128
-  kind = 42 and base = 10 and domain = TRealDomain() and realKind = 42 and extended = false
-  or
   // _Float32
   kind = 45 and base = 2 and domain = TRealDomain() and realKind = 45 and extended = false
   or
@@ -871,9 +862,8 @@ private predicate floatingPointTypeMapping(
 
 /**
  * The C/C++ floating point types. See 4.5.  This includes `float`, `double` and `long double`, the
- * fixed-size floating-point types like `_Float32`, the extended-precision floating-point types like
- * `_Float64x`, and the decimal floating-point types like `_Decimal32`. It also includes the complex
- * and imaginary versions of all of these types.
+ * fixed-size floating-point types like `_Float32`, and the extended-precision floating-point types
+ * like `_Float64x`. It also includes the complex and imaginary versions of all of these types.
  */
 class FloatingPointType extends ArithmeticType {
   final int base;
@@ -991,42 +981,6 @@ class Float128Type extends RealNumberType, BinaryFloatingPointType {
   override string getAPrimaryQlClass() { result = "Float128Type" }
 }
 
-/**
- * The GNU C `_Decimal32` primitive type.  This is not standard C/C++.
- * ```
- * _Decimal32 d32;
- * ```
- */
-class Decimal32Type extends RealNumberType, DecimalFloatingPointType {
-  Decimal32Type() { builtintypes(underlyingElement(this), _, 40, _, _, _) }
-
-  override string getAPrimaryQlClass() { result = "Decimal32Type" }
-}
-
-/**
- * The GNU C `_Decimal64` primitive type.  This is not standard C/C++.
- * ```
- * _Decimal64 d64;
- * ```
- */
-class Decimal64Type extends RealNumberType, DecimalFloatingPointType {
-  Decimal64Type() { builtintypes(underlyingElement(this), _, 41, _, _, _) }
-
-  override string getAPrimaryQlClass() { result = "Decimal64Type" }
-}
-
-/**
- * The GNU C `_Decimal128` primitive type.  This is not standard C/C++.
- * ```
- * _Decimal128 d128;
- * ```
- */
-class Decimal128Type extends RealNumberType, DecimalFloatingPointType {
-  Decimal128Type() { builtintypes(underlyingElement(this), _, 42, _, _, _) }
-
-  override string getAPrimaryQlClass() { result = "Decimal128Type" }
-}
-
 /**
  * The C/C++ `void` type. See 4.7.
  * ```

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/commons/Buffer.qll

@@ -62,11 +62,13 @@ private Class getRootType(FieldAccess fa) {
  * unspecified type of `v` is a `ReferenceType`.
  */
 private int getVariableSize(Variable v) {
-  exists(Type t |
-    t = v.getUnspecifiedType() and
-    not t instanceof ReferenceType and
-    result = t.getSize()
-  )
+  result =
+    unique(Type t |
+      t = v.getUnspecifiedType() and
+      not t instanceof ReferenceType
+    |
+      t.getSize()
+    )
 }
 
 /**
@@ -79,30 +81,32 @@ private int getSize(VariableAccess va) {
     not v instanceof Field and
     result = getVariableSize(v)
     or
-    exists(Class c, int trueSize |
-      // Otherwise, we find the "outermost" object and compute the size
-      // as the difference between the size of the type of the "outermost
-      // object" and the offset of the field relative to that type.
-      // For example, consider the following structs:
-      // ```
-      // struct S {
-      //   uint32_t x;
-      //   uint32_t y;
-      // };
-      // struct S2 {
-      //   S s;
-      //   uint32_t z;
-      // };
-      // ```
-      // Given an object `S2 s2` the size of the buffer `&s2.s.y`
-      // is the size of the base object type (i.e., `S2`) minutes the offset
-      // of `y` relative to the type `S2` (i.e., `4`). So the size of the
-      // buffer is `12 - 4 = 8`.
-      c = getRootType(va) and
-      // we calculate the size based on the last field, to avoid including any padding after it
-      trueSize = max(Field f | | f.getOffsetInClass(c) + getVariableSize(f)) and
-      result = trueSize - v.(Field).getOffsetInClass(c)
-    )
+    result =
+      unique(Class c, int trueSize |
+        // Otherwise, we find the "outermost" object and compute the size
+        // as the difference between the size of the type of the "outermost
+        // object" and the offset of the field relative to that type.
+        // For example, consider the following structs:
+        // ```
+        // struct S {
+        //   uint32_t x;
+        //   uint32_t y;
+        // };
+        // struct S2 {
+        //   S s;
+        //   uint32_t z;
+        // };
+        // ```
+        // Given an object `S2 s2` the size of the buffer `&s2.s.y`
+        // is the size of the base object type (i.e., `S2`) minus the offset
+        // of `y` relative to the type `S2` (i.e., `4`). So the size of the
+        // buffer is `12 - 4 = 8`.
+        c = getRootType(va) and
+        // we calculate the size based on the last field, to avoid including any padding after it
+        trueSize = max(Field f | | f.getOffsetInClass(c) + getVariableSize(f))
+      |
+        trueSize - v.(Field).getOffsetInClass(c)
+      )
   )
 }
 
@@ -116,12 +120,8 @@ private int isSource(Expr bufferExpr, Element why) {
   exists(Variable bufferVar | bufferVar = bufferExpr.(VariableAccess).getTarget() |
     // buffer is a fixed size array
     exists(bufferVar.getUnspecifiedType().(ArrayType).getSize()) and
-    result =
-      unique(int size | // more generous than .getSize() itself, when the array is a class field or similar.
-        size = getSize(bufferExpr)
-      |
-        size
-      ) and
+    // more generous than .getSize() itself, when the array is a class field or similar.
+    result = getSize(bufferExpr) and
     why = bufferVar and
     not memberMayBeVarSize(_, bufferVar) and
     not exists(BuiltInOperationBuiltInOffsetOf offsetof | offsetof.getAChild*() = bufferExpr) and

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/controlflow/IRGuards.qll

@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ import semmle.code.cpp.ir.IR
 private import codeql.util.Void
 private import codeql.controlflow.Guards as SharedGuards
 private import semmle.code.cpp.ir.ValueNumbering
-private import semmle.code.cpp.ir.implementation.raw.internal.TranslatedExpr
+private import semmle.code.cpp.ir.implementation.raw.internal.TranslatedExpr as TE
+private import semmle.code.cpp.ir.implementation.raw.internal.TranslatedFunction as TF
 private import semmle.code.cpp.ir.implementation.raw.internal.InstructionTag
 
 private class BasicBlock = IRCfg::BasicBlock;
@@ -683,24 +684,26 @@ final class GuardCondition = GuardConditionImpl;
  */
 private class GuardConditionFromBinaryLogicalOperator extends GuardConditionImpl instanceof Cpp::BinaryLogicalOperation
 {
+  GuardConditionImpl l;
+  GuardConditionImpl r;
+
+  GuardConditionFromBinaryLogicalOperator() {
+    super.getLeftOperand() = l and
+    super.getRightOperand() = r
+  }
+
   override predicate valueControls(Cpp::BasicBlock controlled, GuardValue v) {
-    exists(Cpp::BinaryLogicalOperation binop, GuardCondition lhs, GuardCondition rhs |
-      this = binop and
-      lhs = binop.getLeftOperand() and
-      rhs = binop.getRightOperand() and
-      lhs.valueControls(controlled, v) and
-      rhs.valueControls(controlled, v)
-    )
+    // `l || r` does not control `r` even though `l` does.
+    not r.(Cpp::Expr).getBasicBlock() = controlled and
+    l.valueControls(controlled, v)
+    or
+    r.valueControls(controlled, v)
   }
 
   override predicate valueControlsEdge(Cpp::BasicBlock pred, Cpp::BasicBlock succ, GuardValue v) {
-    exists(Cpp::BinaryLogicalOperation binop, GuardCondition lhs, GuardCondition rhs |
-      this = binop and
-      lhs = binop.getLeftOperand() and
-      rhs = binop.getRightOperand() and
-      lhs.valueControlsEdge(pred, succ, v) and
-      rhs.valueControlsEdge(pred, succ, v)
-    )
+    l.valueControlsEdge(pred, succ, v)
+    or
+    r.valueControlsEdge(pred, succ, v)
   }
 
   pragma[nomagic]
@@ -1026,7 +1029,7 @@ private class GuardConditionFromIR extends GuardConditionImpl {
 
 private predicate excludeAsControlledInstruction(Instruction instr) {
   // Exclude the temporaries generated by a ternary expression.
-  exists(TranslatedConditionalExpr tce |
+  exists(TE::TranslatedConditionalExpr tce |
     instr = tce.getInstruction(ConditionValueFalseStoreTag())
     or
     instr = tce.getInstruction(ConditionValueTrueStoreTag())
@@ -1038,6 +1041,14 @@ private predicate excludeAsControlledInstruction(Instruction instr) {
   or
   // Exclude unreached instructions, as their AST is the whole function and not a block.
   instr instanceof UnreachedInstruction
+  or
+  // Exclude instructions generated by a translated function as they map to the function itself
+  // and the function is considered the last basic block of a function body.
+  any(TF::TranslatedFunction tf).getInstruction(_) = instr
+  or
+  // `ChiInstruction`s generated by instructions in the above case don't come from `getInstruction` (since they are generated by AliasedSSA)
+  // so we need to special case them.
+  excludeAsControlledInstruction(instr.(ChiInstruction).getPartial())
 }
 
 /**

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/dataflow/ExternalFlow.qll

@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@
 
 import cpp
 private import new.DataFlow
+private import semmle.code.cpp.controlflow.IRGuards
 private import semmle.code.cpp.ir.dataflow.internal.DataFlowPrivate as Private
 private import semmle.code.cpp.ir.dataflow.internal.DataFlowUtil
 private import internal.FlowSummaryImpl
@@ -367,6 +368,8 @@ private predicate elementSpec(
 ) {
   sourceModel(namespace, type, subtypes, name, signature, ext, _, _, _, _) or
   sinkModel(namespace, type, subtypes, name, signature, ext, _, _, _, _) or
+  barrierModel(namespace, type, subtypes, name, signature, ext, _, _, _, _) or
+  barrierGuardModel(namespace, type, subtypes, name, signature, ext, _, _, _, _, _) or
   summaryModel(namespace, type, subtypes, name, signature, ext, _, _, _, _, _)
 }
 
@@ -1028,6 +1031,84 @@ private module Cached {
       isSinkNode(n, kind, model) and n.asNode() = node
     )
   }
+
+  private newtype TKindModelPair =
+    TMkPair(string kind, string model) { isBarrierGuardNode(_, _, kind, model) }
+
+  private GuardValue convertAcceptingValue(Public::AcceptingValue av) {
+    av.isTrue() and result.asBooleanValue() = true
+    or
+    av.isFalse() and result.asBooleanValue() = false
+    or
+    // NOTE: The below cases don't contribute anything currently since the
+    // callers immediately use `.asBooleanValue()` to convert the `GuardValue`
+    // to a boolean. Once we're willing to accept the breaking change of
+    // converting the barrier guard API to use `GuardValue`s instead `Boolean`s
+    // we can remove this restriction.
+    av.isNoException() and result.getDualValue().isThrowsException()
+    or
+    av.isZero() and result.asIntValue() = 0
+    or
+    av.isNotZero() and result.getDualValue().asIntValue() = 0
+    or
+    av.isNull() and result.isNullValue()
+    or
+    av.isNotNull() and result.isNonNullValue()
+  }
+
+  private predicate barrierGuardChecks(IRGuardCondition g, Expr e, boolean gv, TKindModelPair kmp) {
+    exists(
+      SourceSinkInterpretationInput::InterpretNode n, Public::AcceptingValue acceptingvalue,
+      string kind, string model
+    |
+      isBarrierGuardNode(n, acceptingvalue, kind, model) and
+      n.asNode().asExpr() = e and
+      kmp = TMkPair(kind, model) and
+      gv = convertAcceptingValue(acceptingvalue).asBooleanValue() and
+      n.asNode().(Private::ArgumentNode).getCall().asCallInstruction() = g
+    )
+  }
+
+  private newtype TKindModelPairIntPair =
+    MkKindModelPairIntPair(TKindModelPair pair, int indirectionIndex) {
+      indirectionIndex > 0 and
+      Private::nodeHasInstruction(_, _, indirectionIndex) and
+      exists(pair)
+    }
+
+  private predicate indirectBarrierGuardChecks(
+    IRGuardCondition g, Expr e, boolean gv, TKindModelPairIntPair kmp
+  ) {
+    exists(
+      SourceSinkInterpretationInput::InterpretNode interpretNode,
+      Public::AcceptingValue acceptingvalue, string kind, string model, int indirectionIndex,
+      Private::ArgumentNode arg
+    |
+      isBarrierGuardNode(interpretNode, acceptingvalue, kind, model) and
+      arg = interpretNode.asNode() and
+      arg.asIndirectExpr(indirectionIndex) = e and
+      kmp = MkKindModelPairIntPair(TMkPair(kind, model), indirectionIndex) and
+      gv = convertAcceptingValue(acceptingvalue).asBooleanValue() and
+      arg.getCall().asCallInstruction() = g
+    )
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Holds if `node` is specified as a barrier with the given kind in a MaD flow
+   * model.
+   */
+  cached
+  predicate barrierNode(DataFlow::Node node, string kind, string model) {
+    exists(SourceSinkInterpretationInput::InterpretNode n |
+      isBarrierNode(n, kind, model) and n.asNode() = node
+    )
+    or
+    DataFlow::ParameterizedBarrierGuard<TKindModelPair, barrierGuardChecks/4>::getABarrierNode(TMkPair(kind,
+        model)) = node
+    or
+    DataFlow::ParameterizedBarrierGuard<TKindModelPairIntPair, indirectBarrierGuardChecks/4>::getAnIndirectBarrierNode(MkKindModelPairIntPair(TMkPair(kind,
+          model), _)) = node
+  }
 }
 
 import Cached
@@ -1044,6 +1125,12 @@ predicate sourceNode(DataFlow::Node node, string kind) { sourceNode(node, kind,
  */
 predicate sinkNode(DataFlow::Node node, string kind) { sinkNode(node, kind, _) }
 
+/**
+ * Holds if `node` is specified as a barrier with the given kind in a MaD flow
+ * model.
+ */
+predicate barrierNode(DataFlow::Node node, string kind) { barrierNode(node, kind, _) }
+
 private predicate interpretSummary(
   Function f, string input, string output, string kind, string provenance, string model
 ) {
@@ -1058,40 +1145,22 @@ private predicate interpretSummary(
 
 // adapter class for converting Mad summaries to `SummarizedCallable`s
 private class SummarizedCallableAdapter extends SummarizedCallable {
-  SummarizedCallableAdapter() { interpretSummary(this, _, _, _, _, _) }
+  string input_;
+  string output_;
+  string kind;
+  Provenance p_;
+  string model_;
 
-  private predicate relevantSummaryElementManual(
-    string input, string output, string kind, string model
-  ) {
-    exists(Provenance provenance |
-      interpretSummary(this, input, output, kind, provenance, model) and
-      provenance.isManual()
-    )
-  }
-
-  private predicate relevantSummaryElementGenerated(
-    string input, string output, string kind, string model
-  ) {
-    exists(Provenance provenance |
-      interpretSummary(this, input, output, kind, provenance, model) and
-      provenance.isGenerated()
-    )
-  }
+  SummarizedCallableAdapter() { interpretSummary(this, input_, output_, kind, p_, model_) }
 
   override predicate propagatesFlow(
-    string input, string output, boolean preservesValue, string model
+    string input, string output, boolean preservesValue, Provenance p, boolean isExact, string model
   ) {
-    exists(string kind |
-      this.relevantSummaryElementManual(input, output, kind, model)
-      or
-      not this.relevantSummaryElementManual(_, _, _, _) and
-      this.relevantSummaryElementGenerated(input, output, kind, model)
-    |
-      if kind = "value" then preservesValue = true else preservesValue = false
-    )
-  }
-
-  override predicate hasProvenance(Provenance provenance) {
-    interpretSummary(this, _, _, _, provenance, _)
+    input = input_ and
+    output = output_ and
+    (if kind = "value" then preservesValue = true else preservesValue = false) and
+    p = p_ and
+    isExact = true and
+    model = model_
   }
 }

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/dataflow/internal/FlowSummaryImpl.qll

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ module Input implements InputSig<Location, DataFlowImplSpecific::CppDataFlow> {
 
   class SinkBase = Void;
 
+  predicate callableFromSource(SummarizedCallableBase c) { exists(c.getBlock()) }
+
   ArgumentPosition callbackSelfParameterPosition() { result = TDirectPosition(-1) }
 
   ReturnKind getStandardReturnValueKind() { result = getReturnValueKind("") }
@@ -149,16 +151,27 @@ module SourceSinkInterpretationInput implements
   }
 
   predicate barrierElement(
-    Element n, string output, string kind, Public::Provenance provenance, string model
+    Element e, string output, string kind, Public::Provenance provenance, string model
   ) {
-    none()
+    exists(
+      string namespace, string type, boolean subtypes, string name, string signature, string ext
+    |
+      barrierModel(namespace, type, subtypes, name, signature, ext, output, kind, provenance, model) and
+      e = interpretElement(namespace, type, subtypes, name, signature, ext)
+    )
   }
 
   predicate barrierGuardElement(
-    Element n, string input, Public::AcceptingValue acceptingvalue, string kind,
+    Element e, string input, Public::AcceptingValue acceptingvalue, string kind,
     Public::Provenance provenance, string model
   ) {
-    none()
+    exists(
+      string package, string type, boolean subtypes, string name, string signature, string ext
+    |
+      barrierGuardModel(package, type, subtypes, name, signature, ext, input, acceptingvalue, kind,
+        provenance, model) and
+      e = interpretElement(package, type, subtypes, name, signature, ext)
+    )
   }
 
   private newtype TInterpretNode =

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/exprs/Access.qll

@@ -394,6 +394,11 @@ class FunctionAccess extends Access, @routineexpr {
  */
 class ParamAccessForType extends Expr, @param_ref {
   override string toString() { result = "param access" }
+
+  /**
+   * Holds if the accessed parameter is implicit object parameter of the function.
+   */
+  predicate isThisAccess() { param_ref_to_this(underlyingElement(this)) }
 }
 
 /**

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/exprs/BuiltInOperations.qll

@@ -1941,3 +1941,61 @@ class BuiltInOperationIsTriviallyRelocatable extends BuiltInOperation, @istrivia
 
   override string getAPrimaryQlClass() { result = "BuiltInOperationIsTriviallyRelocatable" }
 }
+
+/**
+ * A C++ `__is_bitwise_cloneable` built-in operation.
+ *
+ * Returns `true` if an object of type `_Tp` is bitwise cloneable.
+ *
+ * ```
+ * template<typename _Tp>
+ *   struct is_bitwise_cloneable
+ *   : public integral_constant<bool, __is_bitwise_cloneable(_Tp)>
+ *   {};
+ * ```
+ */
+class BuiltInOperationIsBitwiseCloneable extends BuiltInOperation, @isbitwisecloneable {
+  override string toString() { result = "__is_bitwise_cloneable" }
+
+  override string getAPrimaryQlClass() { result = "BuiltInOperationIsBitwiseCloneable" }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A C++ `__is_invocable` built-in operation (used by some implementations
+ * of the `<type_traits>` header).
+ *
+ * Returns `true` if a function of type `_FTpn` can be invoked with arguments of
+ * type `_Tps`.
+ *
+ * ```
+ * template<typename _FTpn, typename... _Tps>
+ *   struct is_invocable
+ *   : public integral_constant<bool, __is_invocable(_FTpn, _Tps...)>
+ *   {};
+ * ```
+ */
+class BuiltInOperationIsInvocable extends BuiltInOperation, @isinvocable {
+  override string toString() { result = "__is_invocable" }
+
+  override string getAPrimaryQlClass() { result = "BuiltInOperationIsInvocable" }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A C++ `__is_nothrow_invocable` built-in operation (used by some implementations
+ * of the `<type_traits>` header).
+ *
+ * Returns `true` if a function of non-throwing type `_FTpn` can be invoked
+ * with arguments of type `_Tps`.
+ *
+ * ```
+ * template<typename _FTpn, typename... _Tps>
+ *   struct is_nothrow_invocable
+ *   : public integral_constant<bool, __is_nothrow_invocable(_FTpn, _Tps...)>
+ *   {};
+ * ```
+ */
+class BuiltInOperationIsNothrowInvocable extends BuiltInOperation, @isnothrowinvocable {
+  override string toString() { result = "__is_nothrow_invocable" }
+
+  override string getAPrimaryQlClass() { result = "BuiltInOperationIsNothrowInvocable" }
+}

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/exprs/Call.qll

@@ -387,10 +387,23 @@ class OverloadedArrayExpr extends FunctionCall {
 
   /**
    * Gets the expression giving the index.
+   *
+   * DEPRECATED: Use getArrayOffset/1 instead.
    */
-  Expr getArrayOffset() {
-    if exists(this.getQualifier()) then result = this.getChild(0) else result = this.getChild(1)
+  deprecated Expr getArrayOffset() { result = this.getArrayOffset(0) }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the expression giving the nth index.
+   */
+  Expr getArrayOffset(int n) {
+    n >= 0 and
+    if exists(this.getQualifier()) then result = this.getChild(n) else result = this.getChild(n + 1)
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets an expression giving an index.
+   */
+  Expr getAnArrayOffset() { result = this.getArrayOffset(_) }
 }
 
 /**

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/exprs/Expr.qll

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class Expr extends StmtParent, @expr {
   predicate hasChild(Expr e, int n) { e = this.getChild(n) }
 
   /** Gets the enclosing function of this expression, if any. */
-  Function getEnclosingFunction() { result = exprEnclosingElement(this) }
+  override Function getEnclosingFunction() { result = exprEnclosingElement(this) }
 
   /** Gets the nearest enclosing set of curly braces around this expression in the source, if any. */
   BlockStmt getEnclosingBlock() { result = this.getEnclosingStmt().getEnclosingBlock() }

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/internal/Overlay.qll

@@ -45,13 +45,13 @@ private string getSingleLocationFilePath(@element e) {
 overlay[local]
 private string getMultiLocationFilePath(@element e) {
   exists(@location_default loc |
-    exists(@var_decl vd | var_decls(vd, e, _, _, loc))
+    var_decls(_, e, _, _, loc)
     or
-    exists(@fun_decl fd | fun_decls(fd, e, _, _, loc))
+    fun_decls(_, e, _, _, loc)
     or
-    exists(@type_decl td | type_decls(td, e, loc))
+    type_decls(_, e, loc)
     or
-    exists(@namespace_decl nd | namespace_decls(nd, e, loc, _))
+    namespace_decls(_, e, loc, _)
   |
     result = getLocationFilePath(loc)
   )
@@ -62,19 +62,29 @@ private string getMultiLocationFilePath(@element e) {
  * overlay variant.
  */
 overlay[local]
-private predicate holdsInBase() { not isOverlay() }
+private predicate isBase() { not isOverlay() }
+
+/**
+ * Holds if `path` was extracted in the overlay database.
+ */
+overlay[local]
+private predicate overlayHasFile(string path) {
+  isOverlay() and
+  files(_, path) and
+  path != ""
+}
 
 /**
  * Discards an element from the base variant if:
- * - It has a single location in a changed file, or
- * - All of its locations are in changed files.
+ * - It has a single location in a file extracted in the overlay, or
+ * - All of its locations are in files extracted in the overlay.
  */
 overlay[discard_entity]
 private predicate discardElement(@element e) {
-  holdsInBase() and
+  isBase() and
   (
-    overlayChangedFiles(getSingleLocationFilePath(e))
+    overlayHasFile(getSingleLocationFilePath(e))
     or
-    forex(string path | path = getMultiLocationFilePath(e) | overlayChangedFiles(path))
+    forex(string path | path = getMultiLocationFilePath(e) | overlayHasFile(path))
   )
 }

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/ir/dataflow/internal/DataFlowPrivate.qll

@@ -1144,7 +1144,7 @@ private newtype TDataFlowCall =
   }
 
 private predicate summarizedCallableIsManual(SummarizedCallable sc) {
-  sc.asSummarizedCallable().applyManualModel()
+  sc.asSummarizedCallable().hasManualModel()
 }
 
 /**

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/ir/dataflow/internal/DataFlowUtil.qll

@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class Node extends TIRDataFlowNode {
    * If `isGLValue()` holds, then the type of this node
    * should be thought of as "pointer to `getType()`".
    */
-  DataFlowType getType() { none() } // overridden in subclasses
+  Type getType() { none() } // overridden in subclasses
 
   /** Gets the instruction corresponding to this node, if any. */
   Instruction asInstruction() { result = this.(InstructionNode).getInstruction() }
@@ -312,6 +312,13 @@ class Node extends TIRDataFlowNode {
    */
   Expr asDefinition() { result = this.asDefinition(_) }
 
+  private predicate isCertainStore() {
+    exists(SsaImpl::Definition def |
+      SsaImpl::defToNode(this, def, _) and
+      def.isCertain()
+    )
+  }
+
   /**
    * Gets the definition associated with this node, if any.
    *
@@ -361,11 +368,10 @@ class Node extends TIRDataFlowNode {
    * pointed to by `p`.
    */
   Expr asDefinition(boolean uncertain) {
-    exists(StoreInstruction store, SsaImpl::Definition def |
+    exists(StoreInstruction store |
       store = this.asInstruction() and
       result = asDefinitionImpl(store) and
-      SsaImpl::defToNode(this, def, _) and
-      if def.isCertain() then uncertain = false else uncertain = true
+      if this.isCertainStore() then uncertain = false else uncertain = true
     )
   }
 
@@ -541,7 +547,7 @@ class Node extends TIRDataFlowNode {
   /**
    * Gets an upper bound on the type of this node.
    */
-  DataFlowType getTypeBound() { result = this.getType() }
+  Type getTypeBound() { result = this.getType() }
 
   /** Gets the location of this element. */
   cached
@@ -585,7 +591,7 @@ private class Node0 extends Node, TNode0 {
 
   override string toStringImpl() { result = node.toString() }
 
-  override DataFlowType getType() { result = node.getType() }
+  override Type getType() { result = node.getType() }
 
   override predicate isGLValue() { node.isGLValue() }
 }
@@ -704,7 +710,7 @@ class SsaSynthNode extends Node, TSsaSynthNode {
 
   override Declaration getFunction() { result = node.getBasicBlock().getEnclosingFunction() }
 
-  override DataFlowType getType() { result = node.getSourceVariable().getType() }
+  override Type getType() { result = node.getSourceVariable().getType() }
 
   override predicate isGLValue() { node.getSourceVariable().isGLValue() }
 
@@ -732,7 +738,7 @@ class SsaIteratorNode extends Node, TSsaIteratorNode {
 
   override Declaration getFunction() { result = node.getFunction() }
 
-  override DataFlowType getType() { result = node.getType() }
+  override Type getType() { result = node.getType() }
 
   final override Location getLocationImpl() { result = node.getLocation() }
 
@@ -792,7 +798,7 @@ class FinalGlobalValue extends Node, TFinalGlobalValue {
 
   override Declaration getFunction() { result = globalUse.getIRFunction().getFunction() }
 
-  override DataFlowType getType() {
+  override Type getType() {
     exists(int indirectionIndex |
       indirectionIndex = globalUse.getIndirectionIndex() and
       result = getTypeImpl(globalUse.getUnderlyingType(), indirectionIndex)
@@ -826,7 +832,7 @@ class InitialGlobalValue extends Node, TInitialGlobalValue {
 
   final override predicate isGLValue() { globalDef.getIndirectionIndex() = 0 }
 
-  override DataFlowType getType() { result = globalDef.getUnderlyingType() }
+  override Type getType() { result = globalDef.getUnderlyingType() }
 
   final override Location getLocationImpl() { result = globalDef.getLocation() }
 
@@ -853,7 +859,7 @@ class BodyLessParameterNodeImpl extends Node, TBodyLessParameterNodeImpl {
   /** Gets the indirection index of this node. */
   int getIndirectionIndex() { result = indirectionIndex }
 
-  override DataFlowType getType() {
+  override Type getType() {
     result = getTypeImpl(p.getUnderlyingType(), this.getIndirectionIndex())
   }
 
@@ -1117,8 +1123,8 @@ private module RawIndirectNodes {
 
     override predicate isGLValue() { this.getOperand().isGLValue() }
 
-    override DataFlowType getType() {
-      exists(int sub, DataFlowType type, boolean isGLValue |
+    override Type getType() {
+      exists(int sub, Type type, boolean isGLValue |
         type = getOperandType(this.getOperand(), isGLValue) and
         if isGLValue = true then sub = 1 else sub = 0
       |
@@ -1163,8 +1169,8 @@ private module RawIndirectNodes {
 
     override predicate isGLValue() { this.getInstruction().isGLValue() }
 
-    override DataFlowType getType() {
-      exists(int sub, DataFlowType type, boolean isGLValue |
+    override Type getType() {
+      exists(int sub, Type type, boolean isGLValue |
         type = getInstructionType(this.getInstruction(), isGLValue) and
         if isGLValue = true then sub = 1 else sub = 0
       |
@@ -1263,7 +1269,7 @@ class FinalParameterNode extends Node, TFinalParameterNode {
     result.asSourceCallable() = this.getFunction()
   }
 
-  override DataFlowType getType() { result = getTypeImpl(p.getUnderlyingType(), indirectionIndex) }
+  override Type getType() { result = getTypeImpl(p.getUnderlyingType(), indirectionIndex) }
 
   final override Location getLocationImpl() {
     // Parameters can have multiple locations. When there's a unique location we use
@@ -1539,7 +1545,7 @@ abstract class PostUpdateNode extends Node {
    */
   abstract Node getPreUpdateNode();
 
-  final override DataFlowType getType() { result = this.getPreUpdateNode().getType() }
+  final override Type getType() { result = this.getPreUpdateNode().getType() }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1632,9 +1638,7 @@ class VariableNode extends Node, TGlobalLikeVariableNode {
     result.asSourceCallable() = v
   }
 
-  override DataFlowType getType() {
-    result = getTypeImpl(v.getUnderlyingType(), indirectionIndex - 1)
-  }
+  override Type getType() { result = getTypeImpl(v.getUnderlyingType(), indirectionIndex - 1) }
 
   final override Location getLocationImpl() {
     // Certain variables (such as parameters) can have multiple locations.
@@ -1722,9 +1726,7 @@ private module Cached {
       SsaImpl::ssaFlow(n, succ) and
       bb1 = n.getBasicBlock() and
       bb2 = succ.getBasicBlock() and
-      bb1 != bb2 and
-      bb2.dominates(bb1) and
-      bb1.getASuccessor+() = bb2
+      bb2.strictlyDominates(bb1)
     )
   }
 
@@ -2419,6 +2421,19 @@ class ContentSet instanceof Content {
   }
 }
 
+private signature class ParamSig;
+
+private module WithParam<ParamSig P> {
+  /**
+   * Holds if the guard `g` validates the expression `e` upon evaluating to `branch`.
+   *
+   * The expression `e` is expected to be a syntactic part of the guard `g`.
+   * For example, the guard `g` might be a call `isSafe(x)` and the expression `e`
+   * the argument `x`.
+   */
+  signature predicate guardChecksSig(IRGuardCondition g, Expr e, boolean branch, P param);
+}
+
 /**
  * Holds if the guard `g` validates the expression `e` upon evaluating to `branch`.
  *
@@ -2440,7 +2455,7 @@ private predicate controls(IRGuardCondition g, Node n, boolean edge) {
  * This is expected to be used in `isBarrier`/`isSanitizer` definitions
  * in data flow and taint tracking.
  */
-module BarrierGuard<guardChecksSig/3 guardChecks> {
+module ParameterizedBarrierGuard<ParamSig P, WithParam<P>::guardChecksSig/4 guardChecks> {
   bindingset[value, n]
   pragma[inline_late]
   private predicate convertedExprHasValueNumber(ValueNumber value, Node n) {
@@ -2450,12 +2465,13 @@ module BarrierGuard<guardChecksSig/3 guardChecks> {
     )
   }
 
-  private predicate guardChecksNode(IRGuardCondition g, Node n, boolean branch) {
-    guardChecks(g, n.asOperand().getDef().getConvertedResultExpression(), branch)
+  private predicate guardChecksNode(IRGuardCondition g, Node n, boolean branch, P p) {
+    guardChecks(g, n.asOperand().getDef().getConvertedResultExpression(), branch, p)
   }
 
   /**
-   * Gets an expression node that is safely guarded by the given guard check.
+   * Gets an expression node that is safely guarded by the given guard check
+   * when the parameter is `p`.
    *
    * For example, given the following code:
    * ```cpp
@@ -2486,19 +2502,27 @@ module BarrierGuard<guardChecksSig/3 guardChecks> {
    *
    * NOTE: If an indirect expression is tracked, use `getAnIndirectBarrierNode` instead.
    */
-  Node getABarrierNode() {
+  Node getABarrierNode(P p) {
     exists(IRGuardCondition g, ValueNumber value, boolean edge |
       convertedExprHasValueNumber(value, result) and
       guardChecks(g,
-        pragma[only_bind_into](value.getAnInstruction().getConvertedResultExpression()), edge) and
+        pragma[only_bind_into](value.getAnInstruction().getConvertedResultExpression()), edge, p) and
       controls(g, result, edge)
     )
     or
-    result = SsaImpl::BarrierGuard<guardChecksNode/3>::getABarrierNode()
+    result = SsaImpl::BarrierGuard<P, guardChecksNode/4>::getABarrierNode(p)
   }
 
   /**
-   * Gets an indirect expression node that is safely guarded by the given guard check.
+   * Gets an expression node that is safely guarded by the given guard check.
+   *
+   * See `getABarrierNode/1` for examples.
+   */
+  Node getABarrierNode() { result = getABarrierNode(_) }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets an indirect expression node that is safely guarded by the given
+   * guard check with parameter `p`.
    *
    * For example, given the following code:
    * ```cpp
@@ -2530,6 +2554,13 @@ module BarrierGuard<guardChecksSig/3 guardChecks> {
    *
    * NOTE: If a non-indirect expression is tracked, use `getABarrierNode` instead.
    */
+  Node getAnIndirectBarrierNode(P p) { result = getAnIndirectBarrierNode(_, p) }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets an indirect expression node that is safely guarded by the given guard check.
+   *
+   * See `getAnIndirectBarrierNode/1` for examples.
+   */
   Node getAnIndirectBarrierNode() { result = getAnIndirectBarrierNode(_) }
 
   bindingset[value, n]
@@ -2544,10 +2575,10 @@ module BarrierGuard<guardChecksSig/3 guardChecks> {
   }
 
   private predicate guardChecksIndirectNode(
-    IRGuardCondition g, Node n, boolean branch, int indirectionIndex
+    IRGuardCondition g, Node n, boolean branch, int indirectionIndex, P p
   ) {
     guardChecks(g, n.asIndirectOperand(indirectionIndex).getDef().getConvertedResultExpression(),
-      branch)
+      branch, p)
   }
 
   /**
@@ -2584,19 +2615,44 @@ module BarrierGuard<guardChecksSig/3 guardChecks> {
    *
    * NOTE: If a non-indirect expression is tracked, use `getABarrierNode` instead.
    */
-  Node getAnIndirectBarrierNode(int indirectionIndex) {
+  Node getAnIndirectBarrierNode(int indirectionIndex, P p) {
     exists(IRGuardCondition g, ValueNumber value, boolean edge |
       indirectConvertedExprHasValueNumber(indirectionIndex, value, result) and
       guardChecks(g,
-        pragma[only_bind_into](value.getAnInstruction().getConvertedResultExpression()), edge) and
+        pragma[only_bind_into](value.getAnInstruction().getConvertedResultExpression()), edge, p) and
       controls(g, result, edge)
     )
     or
     result =
-      SsaImpl::BarrierGuardWithIntParam<guardChecksIndirectNode/4>::getABarrierNode(indirectionIndex)
+      SsaImpl::BarrierGuardWithIntParam<P, guardChecksIndirectNode/5>::getABarrierNode(indirectionIndex,
+        p)
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Provides a set of barrier nodes for a guard that validates an expression.
+ *
+ * This is expected to be used in `isBarrier`/`isSanitizer` definitions
+ * in data flow and taint tracking.
+ */
+module BarrierGuard<guardChecksSig/3 guardChecks> {
+  private predicate guardChecks(IRGuardCondition g, Expr e, boolean branch, Unit unit) {
+    guardChecks(g, e, branch) and
+    exists(unit)
+  }
+
+  import ParameterizedBarrierGuard<Unit, guardChecks/4>
+}
+
+private module InstrWithParam<ParamSig P> {
+  /**
+   * Holds if the guard `g` validates the instruction `instr` upon evaluating to `branch`.
+   */
+  signature predicate instructionGuardChecksSig(
+    IRGuardCondition g, Instruction instr, boolean branch, P p
+  );
+}
+
 /**
  * Holds if the guard `g` validates the instruction `instr` upon evaluating to `branch`.
  */
@@ -2608,7 +2664,9 @@ signature predicate instructionGuardChecksSig(IRGuardCondition g, Instruction in
  * This is expected to be used in `isBarrier`/`isSanitizer` definitions
  * in data flow and taint tracking.
  */
-module InstructionBarrierGuard<instructionGuardChecksSig/3 instructionGuardChecks> {
+module ParameterizedInstructionBarrierGuard<
+  ParamSig P, InstrWithParam<P>::instructionGuardChecksSig/4 instructionGuardChecks>
+{
   bindingset[value, n]
   pragma[inline_late]
   private predicate operandHasValueNumber(ValueNumber value, Node n) {
@@ -2618,21 +2676,27 @@ module InstructionBarrierGuard<instructionGuardChecksSig/3 instructionGuardCheck
     )
   }
 
-  private predicate guardChecksNode(IRGuardCondition g, Node n, boolean branch) {
-    instructionGuardChecks(g, n.asOperand().getDef(), branch)
+  private predicate guardChecksNode(IRGuardCondition g, Node n, boolean branch, P p) {
+    instructionGuardChecks(g, n.asOperand().getDef(), branch, p)
   }
 
-  /** Gets a node that is safely guarded by the given guard check. */
-  Node getABarrierNode() {
+  /**
+   * Gets a node that is safely guarded by the given guard check with
+   * parameter `p`.
+   */
+  Node getABarrierNode(P p) {
     exists(IRGuardCondition g, ValueNumber value, boolean edge |
-      instructionGuardChecks(g, pragma[only_bind_into](value.getAnInstruction()), edge) and
+      instructionGuardChecks(g, pragma[only_bind_into](value.getAnInstruction()), edge, p) and
       operandHasValueNumber(value, result) and
       controls(g, result, edge)
     )
     or
-    result = SsaImpl::BarrierGuard<guardChecksNode/3>::getABarrierNode()
+    result = SsaImpl::BarrierGuard<P, guardChecksNode/4>::getABarrierNode(p)
   }
 
+  /** Gets a node that is safely guarded by the given guard check. */
+  Node getABarrierNode() { result = getABarrierNode(_) }
+
   bindingset[value, n]
   pragma[inline_late]
   private predicate indirectOperandHasValueNumber(ValueNumber value, int indirectionIndex, Node n) {
@@ -2643,25 +2707,52 @@ module InstructionBarrierGuard<instructionGuardChecksSig/3 instructionGuardCheck
   }
 
   private predicate guardChecksIndirectNode(
-    IRGuardCondition g, Node n, boolean branch, int indirectionIndex
+    IRGuardCondition g, Node n, boolean branch, int indirectionIndex, P p
   ) {
-    instructionGuardChecks(g, n.asIndirectOperand(indirectionIndex).getDef(), branch)
+    instructionGuardChecks(g, n.asIndirectOperand(indirectionIndex).getDef(), branch, p)
   }
 
   /**
    * Gets an indirect node with indirection index `indirectionIndex` that is
-   * safely guarded by the given guard check.
+   * safely guarded by the given guard check with parameter `p`.
    */
-  Node getAnIndirectBarrierNode(int indirectionIndex) {
+  Node getAnIndirectBarrierNode(int indirectionIndex, P p) {
     exists(IRGuardCondition g, ValueNumber value, boolean edge |
-      instructionGuardChecks(g, pragma[only_bind_into](value.getAnInstruction()), edge) and
+      instructionGuardChecks(g, pragma[only_bind_into](value.getAnInstruction()), edge, p) and
       indirectOperandHasValueNumber(value, indirectionIndex, result) and
       controls(g, result, edge)
     )
     or
     result =
-      SsaImpl::BarrierGuardWithIntParam<guardChecksIndirectNode/4>::getABarrierNode(indirectionIndex)
+      SsaImpl::BarrierGuardWithIntParam<P, guardChecksIndirectNode/5>::getABarrierNode(indirectionIndex,
+        p)
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets an indirect node that is safely guarded by the given guard check
+   * with parameter `p`.
+   */
+  Node getAnIndirectBarrierNode(P p) { result = getAnIndirectBarrierNode(_, p) }
+
+  /** Gets an indirect node that is safely guarded by the given guard check. */
+  Node getAnIndirectBarrierNode() { result = getAnIndirectBarrierNode(_) }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Provides a set of barrier nodes for a guard that validates an instruction.
+ *
+ * This is expected to be used in `isBarrier`/`isSanitizer` definitions
+ * in data flow and taint tracking.
+ */
+module InstructionBarrierGuard<instructionGuardChecksSig/3 instructionGuardChecks> {
+  private predicate instructionGuardChecks(
+    IRGuardCondition g, Instruction i, boolean branch, Unit unit
+  ) {
+    instructionGuardChecks(g, i, branch) and
+    exists(unit)
+  }
+
+  import ParameterizedInstructionBarrierGuard<Unit, instructionGuardChecks/4>
 }
 
 /**

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/ir/dataflow/internal/SsaImpl.qll

@@ -15,17 +15,79 @@ private import DataFlowPrivate
 import SsaImplCommon
 
 private module SourceVariables {
+  /**
+   * Holds if `store` is the `StoreInstruction` generated by a postfix
+   * increment or decrement operation `e`, and `postCrement` is the operand
+   * that represents the use of the evaluated value of `e`.
+   */
+  private predicate isUseAfterPostfixCrement0(StoreInstruction store, Operand postCrement) {
+    exists(
+      BinaryInstruction binary, IRBlock b, int iPre, int iPost, int iStore, Operand preCrement,
+      Instruction left
+    |
+      binary instanceof AddInstruction
+      or
+      binary instanceof PointerAddInstruction
+      or
+      binary instanceof SubInstruction
+      or
+      binary instanceof PointerSubInstruction
+    |
+      store.getSourceValue() = binary and
+      left = binary.getLeft() and
+      strictcount(left.getAUse()) = 2 and
+      left.getAUse() = preCrement and
+      left.getAUse() = postCrement and
+      b.getInstruction(iPre) = preCrement.getUse() and
+      b.getInstruction(iPost) = postCrement.getUse() and
+      b.getInstruction(iStore) = store and
+      iPre < iStore and
+      iStore < iPost
+    )
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Holds if `store` is the `StoreInstruction` generated by an postfix
+   * increment or decrement operation `e`, and `postCrement` is the fully
+   * converted operand that represents the use of the evaluated value of `e`.
+   */
+  private predicate isUseAfterPostfixCrement(StoreInstruction store, Operand postCrement) {
+    isUseAfterPostfixCrement0(store, postCrement) and
+    conversionFlow(postCrement, _, false, _)
+    or
+    exists(Instruction instr, Operand postCrement0 |
+      isUseAfterPostfixCrement(store, postCrement0) and
+      conversionFlow(postCrement0, instr, false, _) and
+      instr = postCrement.getDef()
+    )
+  }
+
+  private predicate hasSavedPostfixCrementSourceVariable(
+    BaseSourceVariable base, StoreInstruction store, int ind
+  ) {
+    exists(BaseSourceVariableInstruction inst, int ind0 |
+      isUseAfterPostfixCrement(store, _) and
+      inst.getBaseSourceVariable() = base and
+      isDef(_, _, store.getDestinationAddressOperand(), inst, ind0, 0) and
+      ind = [ind0 .. countIndirectionsForCppType(base.getLanguageType()) + 1]
+    )
+  }
+
   cached
   private newtype TSourceVariable =
-    TMkSourceVariable(BaseSourceVariable base, int ind) {
+    TNormalSourceVariable(BaseSourceVariable base, int ind) {
       ind = [0 .. countIndirectionsForCppType(base.getLanguageType()) + 1]
+    } or
+    TSavedPostfixCrementSourceVariable(StoreInstruction store, int ind) {
+      hasSavedPostfixCrementSourceVariable(_, store, ind)
     }
 
-  class SourceVariable extends TSourceVariable {
+  abstract private class AbstractSourceVariable extends TSourceVariable {
     BaseSourceVariable base;
     int ind;
 
-    SourceVariable() { this = TMkSourceVariable(base, ind) }
+    bindingset[ind]
+    AbstractSourceVariable() { any() }
 
     /** Gets the IR variable associated with this `SourceVariable`, if any. */
     IRVariable getIRVariable() { result = base.(BaseIRVariable).getIRVariable() }
@@ -37,7 +99,7 @@ private module SourceVariables {
     BaseSourceVariable getBaseVariable() { result = base }
 
     /** Gets a textual representation of this element. */
-    string toString() { result = repeatStars(this.getIndirection()) + base.toString() }
+    abstract string toString();
 
     /**
      * Gets the number of loads performed on the base source variable
@@ -53,7 +115,7 @@ private module SourceVariables {
      * the type of this source variable should be thought of as "pointer
      * to `getType()`".
      */
-    DataFlowType getType() {
+    Type getType() {
       if this.isGLValue()
       then result = base.getType()
       else result = getTypeImpl(base.getType(), ind - 1)
@@ -62,6 +124,53 @@ private module SourceVariables {
     /** Gets the location of this variable. */
     Location getLocation() { result = this.getBaseVariable().getLocation() }
   }
+
+  final class SourceVariable = AbstractSourceVariable;
+
+  /**
+   * A regular source variable. Most source variables are instances of this
+   * class.
+   */
+  class NormalSourceVariable extends AbstractSourceVariable, TNormalSourceVariable {
+    NormalSourceVariable() { this = TNormalSourceVariable(base, ind) }
+
+    final override string toString() {
+      result = repeatStars(this.getIndirection()) + base.toString()
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Before a value is postfix incremented (or decremented) we "save" its
+   * current value so that the pre-incremented value can be returned to the
+   * enclosing expression. We use the source variables represented by this
+   * class to represent the "saved value".
+   */
+  class SavedPostfixCrementSourceVariable extends AbstractSourceVariable,
+    TSavedPostfixCrementSourceVariable
+  {
+    StoreInstruction store;
+
+    SavedPostfixCrementSourceVariable() {
+      this = TSavedPostfixCrementSourceVariable(store, ind) and
+      hasSavedPostfixCrementSourceVariable(base, store, ind)
+    }
+
+    final override string toString() {
+      result = repeatStars(this.getIndirection()) + base.toString() + " [before crement]"
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the `StoreInstruction` that writes the incremented (or decremented)
+     * value.
+     */
+    StoreInstruction getStoreInstruction() { result = store }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the fully converted `Operand` that represents the use of the
+     * value before the increment.
+     */
+    Operand getOperand() { isUseAfterPostfixCrement(store, result) }
+  }
 }
 
 import SourceVariables
@@ -109,17 +218,43 @@ private newtype TDefImpl =
   TDirectDefImpl(Operand address, int indirectionIndex) {
     isDef(_, _, address, _, _, indirectionIndex)
   } or
+  TSavedPostfixCrementDefImpl(SavedPostfixCrementSourceVariable sv, int indirectionIndex) {
+    isDef(_, _, sv.getStoreInstruction().getDestinationAddressOperand(), _, sv.getIndirection(),
+      indirectionIndex)
+  } or
   TGlobalDefImpl(GlobalLikeVariable v, IRFunction f, int indirectionIndex) {
     // Represents the initial "definition" of a global variable when entering
     // a function body.
     isGlobalDefImpl(v, f, _, indirectionIndex)
   }
 
+pragma[nomagic]
+private predicate hasOperandAndIndirection(
+  SavedPostfixCrementSourceVariable sv, Operand operand, int indirection
+) {
+  sv.getOperand() = operand and
+  sv.getIndirection() = indirection
+}
+
+private predicate hasBeforePostCrementUseImpl(
+  SavedPostfixCrementSourceVariable sv, Operand operand, int indirectionIndex
+) {
+  not isDef(true, _, operand, _, _, _) and
+  exists(int indirection |
+    hasOperandAndIndirection(sv, operand, indirection) and
+    isUse(_, operand, _, indirection, indirectionIndex)
+  )
+}
+
 cached
 private newtype TUseImpl =
   TDirectUseImpl(Operand operand, int indirectionIndex) {
     isUse(_, operand, _, _, indirectionIndex) and
-    not isDef(true, _, operand, _, _, _)
+    not isDef(true, _, operand, _, _, _) and
+    not hasBeforePostCrementUseImpl(_, operand, indirectionIndex)
+  } or
+  TSavedPostfixCrementUseImpl(SavedPostfixCrementSourceVariable sv, int indirectionIndex) {
+    hasBeforePostCrementUseImpl(sv, _, indirectionIndex)
   } or
   TGlobalUse(GlobalLikeVariable v, IRFunction f, int indirectionIndex) {
     // Represents a final "use" of a global variable to ensure that
@@ -223,19 +358,8 @@ abstract class DefImpl extends TDefImpl {
    */
   abstract int getIndirection();
 
-  /**
-   * Gets the base source variable (i.e., the variable without
-   * any indirection) of this definition or use.
-   */
-  abstract BaseSourceVariable getBaseSourceVariable();
-
   /** Gets the variable that is defined or used. */
-  SourceVariable getSourceVariable() {
-    exists(BaseSourceVariable v, int indirection |
-      sourceVariableHasBaseAndIndex(result, v, indirection) and
-      defHasSourceVariable(this, v, indirection)
-    )
-  }
+  abstract SourceVariable getSourceVariable();
 
   /**
    * Holds if this definition is guaranteed to totally overwrite the
@@ -243,8 +367,8 @@ abstract class DefImpl extends TDefImpl {
    */
   abstract predicate isCertain();
 
-  /** Gets the value written to the destination variable by this definition. */
-  abstract Node0Impl getValue();
+  /** Gets the value written to the destination variable by this definition, if any. */
+  Node0Impl getValue() { none() }
 
   /** Gets the operand that represents the address of this definition, if any. */
   Operand getAddressOperand() { none() }
@@ -293,19 +417,8 @@ abstract class UseImpl extends TUseImpl {
   /** Gets the indirection index of this use. */
   final int getIndirectionIndex() { result = indirectionIndex }
 
-  /**
-   * Gets the base source variable (i.e., the variable without
-   * any indirection) of this definition or use.
-   */
-  abstract BaseSourceVariable getBaseSourceVariable();
-
   /** Gets the variable that is defined or used. */
-  SourceVariable getSourceVariable() {
-    exists(BaseSourceVariable v, int indirection |
-      sourceVariableHasBaseAndIndex(result, v, indirection) and
-      useHasSourceVariable(this, v, indirection)
-    )
-  }
+  abstract SourceVariable getSourceVariable();
 
   /**
    * Holds if this use is guaranteed to read the
@@ -314,18 +427,6 @@ abstract class UseImpl extends TUseImpl {
   abstract predicate isCertain();
 }
 
-pragma[noinline]
-private predicate defHasSourceVariable(DefImpl def, BaseSourceVariable bv, int ind) {
-  bv = def.getBaseSourceVariable() and
-  ind = def.getIndirection()
-}
-
-pragma[noinline]
-private predicate useHasSourceVariable(UseImpl use, BaseSourceVariable bv, int ind) {
-  bv = use.getBaseSourceVariable() and
-  ind = use.getIndirection()
-}
-
 pragma[noinline]
 private predicate sourceVariableHasBaseAndIndex(SourceVariable v, BaseSourceVariable bv, int ind) {
   v.getBaseVariable() = bv and
@@ -358,16 +459,12 @@ abstract private class DefAddressImpl extends DefImpl, TDefAddressImpl {
 
   final override predicate isCertain() { any() }
 
-  final override Node0Impl getValue() { none() }
-
   override Cpp::Location getLocation() { result = v.getLocation() }
 
-  final override SourceVariable getSourceVariable() {
+  final override NormalSourceVariable getSourceVariable() {
     result.getBaseVariable() = v and
     result.getIndirection() = 0
   }
-
-  final override BaseSourceVariable getBaseSourceVariable() { result = v }
 }
 
 private class DefVariableAddressImpl extends DefAddressImpl {
@@ -413,8 +510,17 @@ private class DirectDef extends DefImpl, TDirectDefImpl {
     isDef(_, _, address, result, _, indirectionIndex)
   }
 
-  override BaseSourceVariable getBaseSourceVariable() {
-    result = this.getBase().getBaseSourceVariable()
+  pragma[nomagic]
+  private predicate hasBaseSourceVariableAndIndirection(BaseSourceVariable v, int indirection) {
+    v = this.getBase().getBaseSourceVariable() and
+    indirection = this.getIndirection()
+  }
+
+  final override NormalSourceVariable getSourceVariable() {
+    exists(BaseSourceVariable v, int indirection |
+      sourceVariableHasBaseAndIndex(result, v, indirection) and
+      this.hasBaseSourceVariableAndIndirection(v, indirection)
+    )
   }
 
   override int getIndirection() { isDef(_, _, address, _, result, indirectionIndex) }
@@ -424,6 +530,32 @@ private class DirectDef extends DefImpl, TDirectDefImpl {
   override predicate isCertain() { isDef(true, _, address, _, _, indirectionIndex) }
 }
 
+/**
+ * A definition that "saves" the value of a variable before it is incremented
+ * or decremented.
+ */
+private class SavedPostfixCrementDefImpl extends DefImpl, TSavedPostfixCrementDefImpl {
+  SavedPostfixCrementSourceVariable sv;
+
+  SavedPostfixCrementDefImpl() { this = TSavedPostfixCrementDefImpl(sv, indirectionIndex) }
+
+  override Cpp::Location getLocation() { result = sv.getStoreInstruction().getLocation() }
+
+  final override predicate hasIndexInBlock(IRBlock block, int index) {
+    sv.getStoreInstruction() = block.getInstruction(index)
+  }
+
+  override string toString() { result = "Def of " + this.getSourceVariable() }
+
+  override SourceVariable getSourceVariable() { result = sv }
+
+  override int getIndirection() { result = sv.getIndirection() }
+
+  override predicate isCertain() {
+    isDef(true, _, sv.getStoreInstruction().getDestinationAddressOperand(), _, _, indirectionIndex)
+  }
+}
+
 private class DirectUseImpl extends UseImpl, TDirectUseImpl {
   Operand operand;
 
@@ -432,29 +564,22 @@ private class DirectUseImpl extends UseImpl, TDirectUseImpl {
   override string toString() { result = "Use of " + this.getSourceVariable() }
 
   final override predicate hasIndexInBlock(IRBlock block, int index) {
-    // See the comment in `ssa0`'s `OperandBasedUse` for an explanation of this
-    // predicate's implementation.
-    if this.getBase().getAst() = any(Cpp::PostfixCrementOperation c).getOperand()
-    then
-      exists(Operand op, int indirection, Instruction base |
-        indirection = this.getIndirection() and
-        base = this.getBase() and
-        op =
-          min(Operand cand, int i |
-            isUse(_, cand, base, indirection, indirectionIndex) and
-            block.getInstruction(i) = cand.getUse()
-          |
-            cand order by i
-          ) and
-        block.getInstruction(index) = op.getUse()
-      )
-    else operand.getUse() = block.getInstruction(index)
+    operand.getUse() = block.getInstruction(index)
   }
 
   private BaseSourceVariableInstruction getBase() { isUse(_, operand, result, _, indirectionIndex) }
 
-  override BaseSourceVariable getBaseSourceVariable() {
-    result = this.getBase().getBaseSourceVariable()
+  pragma[nomagic]
+  private predicate hasBaseSourceVariableAndIndirection(BaseSourceVariable bv, int indirection) {
+    this.getBase().getBaseSourceVariable() = bv and
+    this.getIndirection() = indirection
+  }
+
+  override NormalSourceVariable getSourceVariable() {
+    exists(BaseSourceVariable v, int indirection |
+      sourceVariableHasBaseAndIndex(result, v, indirection) and
+      this.hasBaseSourceVariableAndIndirection(v, indirection)
+    )
   }
 
   final Operand getOperand() { result = operand }
@@ -468,6 +593,34 @@ private class DirectUseImpl extends UseImpl, TDirectUseImpl {
   override Node getNode() { nodeHasOperand(result, operand, indirectionIndex) }
 }
 
+/**
+ * The use of the original "saved" variable after the variable has been incremented
+ * or decremented.
+ */
+private class SavedPostfixCrementUseImpl extends UseImpl, TSavedPostfixCrementUseImpl {
+  SavedPostfixCrementSourceVariable sv;
+
+  SavedPostfixCrementUseImpl() { this = TSavedPostfixCrementUseImpl(sv, indirectionIndex) }
+
+  override string toString() { result = "Use of " + this.getSourceVariable() }
+
+  final override predicate hasIndexInBlock(IRBlock block, int index) {
+    this.getOperand().getUse() = block.getInstruction(index)
+  }
+
+  override SourceVariable getSourceVariable() { result = sv }
+
+  final Operand getOperand() { result = sv.getOperand() }
+
+  final override Cpp::Location getLocation() { result = this.getOperand().getLocation() }
+
+  override int getIndirection() { result = sv.getIndirection() }
+
+  override predicate isCertain() { isUse(true, this.getOperand(), _, _, indirectionIndex) }
+
+  override Node getNode() { nodeHasOperand(result, this.getOperand(), indirectionIndex) }
+}
+
 pragma[nomagic]
 private predicate finalParameterNodeHasParameterAndIndex(
   FinalParameterNode n, Parameter p, int indirectionIndex
@@ -532,7 +685,18 @@ class FinalParameterUse extends UseImpl, TFinalParameterUse {
     result instanceof UnknownLocation
   }
 
-  override BaseIRVariable getBaseSourceVariable() { result.getIRVariable().getAst() = p }
+  pragma[nomagic]
+  private predicate hasBaseSourceVariableAndIndirection(BaseIRVariable v, int indirection) {
+    v.getIRVariable().getAst() = p and
+    indirection = this.getIndirection()
+  }
+
+  override NormalSourceVariable getSourceVariable() {
+    exists(BaseIRVariable v, int indirection |
+      sourceVariableHasBaseAndIndex(result, v, indirection) and
+      this.hasBaseSourceVariableAndIndirection(v, indirection)
+    )
+  }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -612,8 +776,17 @@ class GlobalUse extends UseImpl, TGlobalUse {
     hasReturnPosition(f, block, index)
   }
 
-  override BaseSourceVariable getBaseSourceVariable() {
-    baseSourceVariableIsGlobal(result, global, f)
+  pragma[nomagic]
+  private predicate hasBaseSourceVariableAndIndirection(BaseIRVariable v, int indirection) {
+    baseSourceVariableIsGlobal(v, global, f) and
+    indirection = this.getIndirection()
+  }
+
+  override NormalSourceVariable getSourceVariable() {
+    exists(BaseIRVariable v, int indirection |
+      sourceVariableHasBaseAndIndex(result, v, indirection) and
+      this.hasBaseSourceVariableAndIndirection(v, indirection)
+    )
   }
 
   final override Cpp::Location getLocation() { result = f.getLocation() }
@@ -658,15 +831,15 @@ class GlobalDefImpl extends DefImpl, TGlobalDefImpl {
     )
   }
 
-  /** Gets the global variable associated with this definition. */
-  override BaseSourceVariable getBaseSourceVariable() {
-    baseSourceVariableIsGlobal(result, global, f)
+  final override NormalSourceVariable getSourceVariable() {
+    exists(BaseSourceVariable v |
+      sourceVariableHasBaseAndIndex(result, v, indirectionIndex) and
+      baseSourceVariableIsGlobal(v, global, f)
+    )
   }
 
   override int getIndirection() { result = indirectionIndex }
 
-  override Node0Impl getValue() { none() }
-
   override predicate isCertain() { any() }
 
   /**
@@ -704,9 +877,15 @@ predicate defToNode(Node node, Definition def, SourceVariable sv) {
 }
 
 private predicate defToNode(Node node, Definition def) {
-  nodeHasOperand(node, def.getValue().asOperand(), def.getIndirectionIndex())
-  or
-  nodeHasInstruction(node, def.getValue().asInstruction(), def.getIndirectionIndex())
+  // Only definitions of `NormalSourceVariable` need to be converted into
+  // dataflow nodes. The other case, `SavedPostfixCrementSourceVariable`,
+  // are internal definitions that don't have a dataflow node representation.
+  def.getSourceVariable() instanceof NormalSourceVariable and
+  (
+    nodeHasOperand(node, def.getValue().asOperand(), def.getIndirectionIndex())
+    or
+    nodeHasInstruction(node, def.getValue().asInstruction(), def.getIndirectionIndex())
+  )
   or
   node.(InitialGlobalValue).getGlobalDef() = def
 }
@@ -940,6 +1119,16 @@ module SsaCached {
     SsaImpl::phiHasInputFromBlock(phi, inp, bb)
   }
 
+  cached
+  predicate uncertainWriteDefinitionInput(Definition uncertain, Definition inp) {
+    SsaImpl::uncertainWriteDefinitionInput(uncertain, inp)
+  }
+
+  cached
+  predicate ssaDefReachesEndOfBlock(IRBlock bb, Definition def) {
+    SsaImpl::ssaDefReachesEndOfBlock(bb, def, _)
+  }
+
   predicate variableRead = SsaInput::variableRead/4;
 
   predicate variableWrite = SsaInput::variableWrite/4;
@@ -1035,13 +1224,23 @@ class SynthNode extends DataFlowIntegrationImpl::SsaNode {
   SynthNode() { not this.asDefinition() instanceof SsaImpl::WriteDefinition }
 }
 
-signature predicate guardChecksNodeSig(IRGuards::IRGuardCondition g, Node e, boolean branch);
+private signature class ParamSig;
 
-signature predicate guardChecksNodeSig(
-  IRGuards::IRGuardCondition g, Node e, boolean branch, int indirectionIndex
-);
+private module ParamIntPair<ParamSig P> {
+  newtype TPair = MkPair(P p, int indirectionIndex) { nodeHasInstruction(_, _, indirectionIndex) }
+}
 
-module BarrierGuardWithIntParam<guardChecksNodeSig/4 guardChecksNode> {
+private module WithParam<ParamSig P> {
+  signature predicate guardChecksNodeSig(IRGuards::IRGuardCondition g, Node e, boolean gv, P param);
+}
+
+private module IntWithParam<ParamSig P> {
+  signature predicate guardChecksNodeSig(
+    IRGuards::IRGuardCondition g, Node e, boolean gv, int indirectionIndex, P param
+  );
+}
+
+module BarrierGuardWithIntParam<ParamSig P, IntWithParam<P>::guardChecksNodeSig/5 guardChecksNode> {
   private predicate ssaDefReachesCertainUse(Definition def, UseImpl use) {
     exists(SourceVariable v, IRBlock bb, int i |
       use.hasIndexInBlock(bb, i, v) and
@@ -1052,34 +1251,44 @@ module BarrierGuardWithIntParam<guardChecksNodeSig/4 guardChecksNode> {
 
   private predicate guardChecksInstr(
     IRGuards::Guards_v1::Guard g, IRGuards::GuardsInput::Expr instr, IRGuards::GuardValue gv,
-    int indirectionIndex
+    ParamIntPair<P>::TPair pair
   ) {
-    exists(Node node |
+    exists(Node node, int indirectionIndex, P p |
+      pair = ParamIntPair<P>::MkPair(p, indirectionIndex) and
       nodeHasInstruction(node, instr, indirectionIndex) and
-      guardChecksNode(g, node, gv.asBooleanValue(), indirectionIndex)
+      guardChecksNode(g, node, gv.asBooleanValue(), indirectionIndex, p)
     )
   }
 
   private predicate guardChecksWithWrappers(
     DataFlowIntegrationInput::Guard g, SsaImpl::Definition def, IRGuards::GuardValue val,
-    int indirectionIndex
+    ParamIntPair<P>::MkPair pair
   ) {
-    IRGuards::Guards_v1::ParameterizedValidationWrapper<int, guardChecksInstr/4>::guardChecksDef(g,
-      def, val, indirectionIndex)
+    exists(Instruction e, int indirectionIndex |
+      IRGuards::Guards_v1::ParameterizedValidationWrapper<ParamIntPair<P>::TPair, guardChecksInstr/4>::guardChecks(g,
+        e, val, pair) and
+      pair = ParamIntPair<P>::MkPair(_, indirectionIndex)
+    |
+      indirectionIndex = 0 and
+      def.(Definition).getAUse().getDef() = e
+      or
+      def.(Definition).getAnIndirectUse(indirectionIndex).getDef() = e
+    )
   }
 
-  Node getABarrierNode(int indirectionIndex) {
+  Node getABarrierNode(int indirectionIndex, P p) {
     // Only get the SynthNodes from the shared implementation, as the ExprNodes cannot
     // be matched on SourceVariable.
     result.(SsaSynthNode).getSynthNode() =
-      DataFlowIntegrationImpl::BarrierGuardDefWithState<int, guardChecksWithWrappers/4>::getABarrierNode(indirectionIndex)
+      DataFlowIntegrationImpl::BarrierGuardDefWithState<ParamIntPair<P>::MkPair, guardChecksWithWrappers/4>::getABarrierNode(ParamIntPair<P>::MkPair(p,
+          indirectionIndex))
     or
     // Calculate the guarded UseImpls corresponding to ExprNodes directly.
     exists(
       DataFlowIntegrationInput::Guard g, IRGuards::GuardValue branch, Definition def, IRBlock bb
     |
-      guardChecksWithWrappers(g, def, branch, indirectionIndex) and
       exists(UseImpl use |
+        guardChecksWithWrappers(g, def, branch, ParamIntPair<P>::MkPair(p, indirectionIndex)) and
         ssaDefReachesCertainUse(def, use) and
         use.getBlock() = bb and
         DataFlowIntegrationInput::guardControlsBlock(g, bb, branch) and
@@ -1089,15 +1298,16 @@ module BarrierGuardWithIntParam<guardChecksNodeSig/4 guardChecksNode> {
   }
 }
 
-module BarrierGuard<guardChecksNodeSig/3 guardChecksNode> {
+module BarrierGuard<ParamSig P, WithParam<P>::guardChecksNodeSig/4 guardChecksNode> {
   private predicate guardChecksNode(
-    IRGuards::IRGuardCondition g, Node e, boolean branch, int indirectionIndex
+    IRGuards::IRGuardCondition g, Node e, boolean gv, int indirectionIndex, P p
   ) {
-    guardChecksNode(g, e, branch) and indirectionIndex = 0
+    indirectionIndex = 0 and
+    guardChecksNode(g, e, gv, p)
   }
 
-  Node getABarrierNode() {
-    result = BarrierGuardWithIntParam<guardChecksNode/4>::getABarrierNode(0)
+  Node getABarrierNode(P p) {
+    result = BarrierGuardWithIntParam<P, guardChecksNode/5>::getABarrierNode(0, p)
   }
 }
 
@@ -1152,9 +1362,17 @@ class Definition extends SsaImpl::Definition {
   private Definition getAPhiInputOrPriorDefinition() {
     result = this.(PhiNode).getAnInput()
     or
-    SsaImpl::uncertainWriteDefinitionInput(this, result)
+    uncertainWriteDefinitionInput(this, result)
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Holds if this SSA definition is live at the end of basic block `bb`.
+   * That is, this definition reaches the end of basic block `bb`, at which
+   * point it is still live, without crossing another SSA definition of the
+   * same source variable.
+   */
+  predicate isLiveAtEndOfBlock(IRBlock bb) { ssaDefReachesEndOfBlock(bb, this) }
+
   /**
    * Gets a definition that ultimately defines this SSA definition and is
    * not itself a phi node.

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/ir/dataflow/internal/SsaImplCommon.qll

@@ -688,15 +688,9 @@ private module Cached {
       conversionFlow(mid, instr, false, _)
     )
     or
-    exists(int ind0 |
-      exists(Operand address |
-        isDereference(operand.getDef(), address, _) and
-        isUseImpl(address, base, ind0)
-      )
-      or
-      isUseImpl(operand.getDef().(InitializeParameterInstruction).getAnOperand(), base, ind0)
-    |
-      ind0 = ind - 1
+    exists(Operand address |
+      isDereference(operand.getDef(), address, _) and
+      isUseImpl(address, base, ind - 1)
     )
   }
 

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/ir/implementation/raw/internal/InstructionTag.qll

@@ -104,7 +104,11 @@ newtype TInstructionTag =
   } or
   SizeofVlaDimensionTag(int index) {
     exists(VlaDeclStmt v | exists(v.getTransitiveVlaDimensionStmt(index)))
-  }
+  } or
+  AssertionVarAddressTag() or
+  AssertionVarLoadTag() or
+  AssertionOpTag() or
+  AssertionBranchTag()
 
 class InstructionTag extends TInstructionTag {
   final string toString() { result = getInstructionTagId(this) }
@@ -296,4 +300,12 @@ string getInstructionTagId(TInstructionTag tag) {
   tag = CoAwaitBranchTag() and result = "CoAwaitBranch"
   or
   tag = BoolToIntConversionTag() and result = "BoolToIntConversion"
+  or
+  tag = AssertionVarAddressTag() and result = "AssertionVarAddress"
+  or
+  tag = AssertionVarLoadTag() and result = "AssertionVarLoad"
+  or
+  tag = AssertionOpTag() and result = "AssertionOp"
+  or
+  tag = AssertionBranchTag() and result = "AssertionBranch"
 }

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/ir/implementation/raw/internal/TranslatedAssertion.qll

@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+private import cpp
+private import semmle.code.cpp.ir.internal.IRUtilities
+private import semmle.code.cpp.ir.implementation.internal.OperandTag
+private import semmle.code.cpp.ir.internal.CppType
+private import semmle.code.cpp.ir.internal.TempVariableTag
+private import InstructionTag
+private import TranslatedElement
+private import TranslatedStmt
+private import TranslatedFunction
+
+/**
+ * Holds if `s` is a statement that may be an expanded assertion in a
+ * release build.
+ */
+pragma[nomagic]
+private predicate stmtCandidate(Stmt s) {
+  not s.isFromUninstantiatedTemplate(_) and
+  (
+    // The expansion of `__analysis_assume(x != 0);` when `__analysis_assume` is
+    // empty is the empty statement.
+    s instanceof EmptyStmt
+    or
+    // The expansion of `assert(x != 0)` when `assert` is `((void)0)` is a zero literal
+    // with a void type.
+    exists(Expr e |
+      e = s.(ExprStmt).getExpr() and
+      e.getValue() = "0" and
+      e.getActualType() instanceof VoidType
+    )
+  )
+}
+
+pragma[nomagic]
+private predicate macroInvocationLocation(int startline, Function f, MacroInvocation mi) {
+  mi.getMacroName() = ["assert", "__analysis_assume"] and
+  mi.getNumberOfArguments() = 1 and
+  mi.getLocation().hasLocationInfo(_, startline, _, _, _) and
+  f.getEntryPoint().isAffectedByMacro(mi)
+}
+
+pragma[nomagic]
+private predicate stmtParentLocation(int startline, Function f, StmtParent p) {
+  p.getEnclosingFunction() = f and
+  p.getLocation().hasLocationInfo(_, startline, _, _, _)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Holds if `mi` is a macro invocation with a name that is known
+ * to correspond to an assertion macro, and the macro invocation
+ * is the only thing on the line.
+ */
+pragma[nomagic]
+private predicate assertion0(MacroInvocation mi, Stmt s, string arg) {
+  stmtCandidate(s) and
+  s =
+    unique(StmtParent p, int startline, Function f |
+      macroInvocationLocation(startline, f, mi) and
+      stmtParentLocation(startline, f, p) and
+      // Also do not count the elements from the expanded macro, i.e., when checking
+      // if `assert(x)` is the only thing on the line we do not count the
+      // generated `((void)0)` expression.
+      not p = mi.getAnExpandedElement()
+    |
+      p
+    ) and
+  arg = mi.getUnexpandedArgument(0)
+}
+
+private Function getEnclosingFunctionForMacroInvocation(MacroInvocation mi) {
+  exists(Stmt s |
+    assertion0(mi, s, _) and
+    result = s.getEnclosingFunction()
+  )
+}
+
+/**
+ * Holds if `arg` has two components and the `i`'th component of the string
+ * `arg` is `s`, and the components are separated by an operation with
+ * opcode `opcode`.
+ */
+bindingset[arg]
+pragma[inline_late]
+private predicate parseArgument(string arg, string s, int i, Opcode opcode) {
+  s =
+    arg.regexpCapture("([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*|[0-9]+)\\s?<=\\s?([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*|[0-9]+)",
+      i + 1) and
+  opcode instanceof Opcode::CompareLE
+  or
+  s =
+    arg.regexpCapture("([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*|[0-9]+)\\s?>=\\s?([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*|[0-9]+)",
+      i + 1) and
+  opcode instanceof Opcode::CompareGE
+  or
+  s =
+    arg.regexpCapture("([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*|[0-9]+)\\s?<\\s?([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*|[0-9]+)",
+      i + 1) and
+  opcode instanceof Opcode::CompareLT
+  or
+  s =
+    arg.regexpCapture("([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*|[0-9]+)\\s?>\\s?([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*|[0-9]+)",
+      i + 1) and
+  opcode instanceof Opcode::CompareGT
+  or
+  s =
+    arg.regexpCapture("([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*|[0-9]+)\\s?!=\\s?([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*|[0-9]+)",
+      i + 1) and
+  opcode instanceof Opcode::CompareNE
+  or
+  s =
+    arg.regexpCapture("([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*|[0-9]+)\\s?==\\s?([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*|[0-9]+)",
+      i + 1) and
+  opcode instanceof Opcode::CompareEQ
+}
+
+private Element getAChildScope(Element scope) { result.getParentScope() = scope }
+
+private predicate hasAVariable(MacroInvocation mi, Stmt s, Element scope) {
+  assertion0(mi, s, _) and
+  s.getParent() = scope
+  or
+  hasAVariable(mi, s, getAChildScope(scope))
+}
+
+private LocalScopeVariable getVariable(MacroInvocation mi, int i) {
+  exists(string operand, string arg, Stmt s |
+    assertion0(mi, s, arg) and
+    parseArgument(arg, operand, i, _) and
+    result =
+      unique(Variable v |
+        v.getLocation().getStartLine() < s.getLocation().getStartLine() and
+        hasAVariable(mi, s, v.getParentScope()) and
+        v.hasName(operand)
+      |
+        v
+      )
+  )
+}
+
+/**
+ * Holds if the `i`'th component of the macro invocation `mi` with opcode
+ * `opcode` is a reference to `var`.
+ */
+private predicate hasVarAccessMacroArgument(MacroInvocation mi, Variable var, int i, Opcode opcode) {
+  exists(string arg, string s, Function f |
+    arg = mi.getUnexpandedArgument(0) and
+    f = getEnclosingFunctionForMacroInvocation(mi) and
+    parseArgument(arg, s, i, opcode) and
+    var = getVariable(mi, i)
+  )
+}
+
+/**
+ * Holds if the `i`'th component of the macro invocation `mi` with opcode
+ * `opcode` is a constant with the value `k`.
+ */
+private predicate hasConstMacroArgument(MacroInvocation mi, int k, int i, Opcode opcode) {
+  exists(string arg, string s |
+    assertion0(mi, _, arg) and
+    s.toInt() = k and
+    parseArgument(arg, s, i, opcode)
+  )
+}
+
+predicate hasAssertionOperand(MacroInvocation mi, int i) {
+  hasVarAccessMacroArgument(mi, _, i, _)
+  or
+  hasConstMacroArgument(mi, _, i, _)
+}
+
+private predicate hasAssertionOpcode(MacroInvocation mi, Opcode opcode) {
+  hasVarAccessMacroArgument(mi, _, _, opcode)
+  or
+  hasConstMacroArgument(mi, _, _, opcode)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Holds if `mi` is a macro invocation that is an assertion that should be generated
+ * in the control-flow graph at `s`.
+ */
+predicate assertion(MacroInvocation mi, Stmt s) {
+  assertion0(mi, s, _) and
+  hasAssertionOperand(mi, 0) and
+  hasAssertionOperand(mi, 1)
+}
+
+/** The translation of an operand of an assertion. */
+abstract private class TranslatedAssertionOperand extends TranslatedElement,
+  TTranslatedAssertionOperand
+{
+  MacroInvocation mi;
+  int index;
+
+  TranslatedAssertionOperand() { this = TTranslatedAssertionOperand(mi, index) }
+
+  MacroInvocation getMacroInvocation() { result = mi }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the statement that is being replaced by the assertion that uses this
+   * operand.
+   */
+  Stmt getStmt() { assertion(mi, result) }
+
+  final override Locatable getAst() { result = this.getStmt() }
+
+  final override TranslatedElement getChild(int id) { none() }
+
+  final override Declaration getFunction() { result = this.getStmt().getEnclosingFunction() }
+
+  /** Gets the instruction which holds the result of this operand. */
+  abstract Instruction getResult();
+
+  final override string toString() { result = "Operand of assertion: " + mi }
+
+  /** Gets the index of this operand (i.e., `0` or `1`). */
+  final int getIndex() { result = index }
+}
+
+/** An operand of an assertion that is a variable access. */
+class TranslatedAssertionVarAccess extends TranslatedAssertionOperand {
+  TranslatedAssertionVarAccess() { hasVarAccessMacroArgument(mi, _, index, _) }
+
+  Variable getVariable() { hasVarAccessMacroArgument(mi, result, index, _) }
+
+  final override IRUserVariable getInstructionVariable(InstructionTag tag) {
+    tag = AssertionVarAddressTag() and
+    result.getVariable() = this.getVariable()
+  }
+
+  final override Instruction getFirstInstruction(EdgeKind kind) {
+    result = this.getInstruction(AssertionVarAddressTag()) and kind instanceof GotoEdge
+  }
+
+  final override Instruction getInstructionSuccessorInternal(InstructionTag tag, EdgeKind kind) {
+    tag = AssertionVarAddressTag() and
+    kind instanceof GotoEdge and
+    result = this.getInstruction(AssertionVarLoadTag())
+    or
+    tag = AssertionVarLoadTag() and
+    result = getTranslatedAssertionMacroInvocation(mi).getChildSuccessor(this, kind)
+  }
+
+  final override Instruction getALastInstructionInternal() {
+    result = this.getInstruction(AssertionVarLoadTag())
+  }
+
+  override predicate hasInstruction(Opcode opcode, InstructionTag tag, CppType resultType) {
+    exists(Variable v | v = this.getVariable() |
+      opcode instanceof Opcode::VariableAddress and
+      tag = AssertionVarAddressTag() and
+      resultType = getTypeForGLValue(v.getType())
+      or
+      opcode instanceof Opcode::Load and
+      tag = AssertionVarLoadTag() and
+      resultType = getTypeForPRValue(v.getType())
+    )
+  }
+
+  final override Instruction getInstructionRegisterOperand(InstructionTag tag, OperandTag operandTag) {
+    tag = AssertionVarLoadTag() and
+    operandTag instanceof AddressOperandTag and
+    result = this.getInstruction(AssertionVarAddressTag())
+  }
+
+  final override Instruction getResult() { result = this.getInstruction(AssertionVarLoadTag()) }
+}
+
+/** An operand of an assertion that is a constant access. */
+private class TranslatedAssertionConst extends TranslatedAssertionOperand {
+  TranslatedAssertionConst() { hasConstMacroArgument(mi, _, index, _) }
+
+  int getConst() { hasConstMacroArgument(mi, result, index, _) }
+
+  final override string getInstructionConstantValue(InstructionTag tag) {
+    tag = OnlyInstructionTag() and
+    result = this.getConst().toString()
+  }
+
+  final override Instruction getFirstInstruction(EdgeKind kind) {
+    result = this.getInstruction(OnlyInstructionTag()) and
+    kind instanceof GotoEdge
+  }
+
+  final override Instruction getInstructionSuccessorInternal(InstructionTag tag, EdgeKind kind) {
+    tag = OnlyInstructionTag() and
+    result = getTranslatedAssertionMacroInvocation(mi).getChildSuccessor(this, kind)
+  }
+
+  final override Instruction getALastInstructionInternal() {
+    result = this.getInstruction(OnlyInstructionTag())
+  }
+
+  override predicate hasInstruction(Opcode opcode, InstructionTag tag, CppType resultType) {
+    opcode instanceof Opcode::Constant and
+    tag = OnlyInstructionTag() and
+    resultType = getIntType()
+  }
+
+  final override Instruction getResult() { result = this.getInstruction(OnlyInstructionTag()) }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Gets the `TranslatedAssertionMacroInvocation` corresponding to the macro
+ * invocation `mi`.
+ */
+TranslatedAssertionMacroInvocation getTranslatedAssertionMacroInvocation(MacroInvocation mi) {
+  result.getMacroInvocation() = mi
+}
+
+/**
+ * A synthesized assertion which would have otherwise been invisible because the
+ * database represents a release build where assertions are disabled.
+ */
+private class TranslatedAssertionMacroInvocation extends TranslatedStmt {
+  MacroInvocation mi;
+
+  TranslatedAssertionMacroInvocation() { assertion(mi, stmt) }
+
+  final override Instruction getFirstInstruction(EdgeKind kind) {
+    result = this.getLeft().getFirstInstruction(kind)
+  }
+
+  TranslatedAssertionOperand getLeft() {
+    result.getMacroInvocation() = mi and
+    result.getIndex() = 0
+  }
+
+  TranslatedAssertionOperand getRight() {
+    result.getMacroInvocation() = mi and
+    result.getIndex() = 1
+  }
+
+  final override Instruction getInstructionSuccessorInternal(InstructionTag tag, EdgeKind kind) {
+    tag = AssertionOpTag() and
+    kind instanceof GotoEdge and
+    result = this.getInstruction(AssertionBranchTag())
+    or
+    tag = AssertionBranchTag() and
+    kind instanceof TrueEdge and
+    result = this.getParent().getChildSuccessor(this, _)
+  }
+
+  final override TranslatedElement getChildInternal(int id) {
+    id = 0 and result = this.getLeft()
+    or
+    id = 1 and result = this.getRight()
+  }
+
+  final override Instruction getALastInstructionInternal() {
+    result = this.getInstruction(AssertionBranchTag())
+  }
+
+  final override predicate hasInstruction(Opcode opcode, InstructionTag tag, CppType resultType) {
+    tag = AssertionOpTag() and
+    resultType = getBoolType() and
+    hasAssertionOpcode(mi, opcode)
+    or
+    tag = AssertionBranchTag() and
+    resultType = getVoidType() and
+    opcode instanceof Opcode::ConditionalBranch
+  }
+
+  final override Instruction getChildSuccessorInternal(TranslatedElement child, EdgeKind kind) {
+    child = this.getLeft() and
+    result = this.getRight().getFirstInstruction(kind)
+    or
+    child = this.getRight() and
+    kind instanceof GotoEdge and
+    result = this.getInstruction(AssertionOpTag())
+  }
+
+  final override Instruction getInstructionRegisterOperand(InstructionTag tag, OperandTag operandTag) {
+    tag = AssertionOpTag() and
+    (
+      operandTag instanceof LeftOperandTag and
+      result = this.getLeft().getResult()
+      or
+      operandTag instanceof RightOperandTag and
+      result = this.getRight().getResult()
+    )
+    or
+    tag = AssertionBranchTag() and
+    operandTag instanceof ConditionOperandTag and
+    result = this.getInstruction(AssertionOpTag())
+  }
+
+  MacroInvocation getMacroInvocation() { result = mi }
+}

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/ir/implementation/raw/internal/TranslatedElement.qll

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ private import TranslatedFunction
 private import TranslatedStmt
 private import TranslatedExpr
 private import IRConstruction
+private import TranslatedAssertion
 private import semmle.code.cpp.models.interfaces.SideEffect
 private import SideEffects
 
@@ -138,6 +139,14 @@ private predicate ignoreExprAndDescendants(Expr expr) {
   // conditionally constructed (until we have a mechanism for calling these only when the
   // temporary's constructor was run)
   isConditionalTemporaryDestructorCall(expr)
+  or
+  // An assertion in a release build is often defined as `#define assert(x) ((void)0)`.
+  // We generate a synthetic assertion in release builds, and when we do that the
+  // expression `((void)0)` should not be translated.
+  exists(MacroInvocation mi |
+    assertion(mi, _) and
+    expr = mi.getExpr().getFullyConverted()
+  )
 }
 
 /**
@@ -909,7 +918,8 @@ newtype TTranslatedElement =
   } or
   // The side effect that initializes newly-allocated memory.
   TTranslatedAllocationSideEffect(AllocationExpr expr) { not ignoreSideEffects(expr) } or
-  TTranslatedStaticStorageDurationVarInit(Variable var) { Raw::varHasIRFunc(var) }
+  TTranslatedStaticStorageDurationVarInit(Variable var) { Raw::varHasIRFunc(var) } or
+  TTranslatedAssertionOperand(MacroInvocation mi, int index) { hasAssertionOperand(mi, index) }
 
 /**
  * Gets the index of the first explicitly initialized element in `initList`

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/ir/implementation/raw/internal/TranslatedExpr.qll

@@ -2679,7 +2679,7 @@ class TranslatedDestructorFieldDestruction extends TranslatedNonConstantExpr, St
   final override Instruction getInstructionRegisterOperand(InstructionTag tag, OperandTag operandTag) {
     tag = OnlyInstructionTag() and
     operandTag instanceof UnaryOperandTag and
-    result = getTranslatedFunction(getEnclosingFunction(expr)).getInitializeThisInstruction()
+    result = getTranslatedFunction(getEnclosingFunction(expr)).getLoadThisInstruction()
   }
 
   final override Field getInstructionField(InstructionTag tag) {

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/ir/implementation/raw/internal/TranslatedFunction.qll

@@ -306,11 +306,11 @@ class TranslatedFunction extends TranslatedRootElement, TTranslatedFunction {
   final predicate hasReturnValue() { hasReturnValue(func) }
 
   /**
-   * Gets the single `InitializeThis` instruction for this function. Holds only
-   * if the function is an instance member function, constructor, or destructor.
+   * Gets the first load of `this` for this function. Holds only if the function
+   * is an instance member function, constructor, or destructor.
    */
-  final Instruction getInitializeThisInstruction() {
-    result = getTranslatedThisParameter(func).getInstruction(InitializerStoreTag())
+  final Instruction getLoadThisInstruction() {
+    result = getTranslatedThisParameter(func).getInstruction(InitializerIndirectAddressTag())
   }
 
   /**
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ class TranslatedConstructorInitList extends TranslatedElement, InitializationCon
   }
 
   override Instruction getTargetAddress() {
-    result = getTranslatedFunction(func).getInitializeThisInstruction()
+    result = getTranslatedFunction(func).getLoadThisInstruction()
   }
 
   override Type getTargetType() { result = getTranslatedFunction(func).getThisType() }

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/ir/implementation/raw/internal/TranslatedInitialization.qll

@@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ abstract class TranslatedBaseStructorCall extends TranslatedStructorCallFromStru
   final override Instruction getInstructionRegisterOperand(InstructionTag tag, OperandTag operandTag) {
     tag = OnlyInstructionTag() and
     operandTag instanceof UnaryOperandTag and
-    result = getTranslatedFunction(this.getFunction()).getInitializeThisInstruction()
+    result = getTranslatedFunction(this.getFunction()).getLoadThisInstruction()
   }
 
   final override predicate getInstructionInheritance(
@@ -1000,7 +1000,7 @@ class TranslatedConstructorDelegationInit extends TranslatedConstructorCallFromC
   }
 
   final override Instruction getReceiver() {
-    result = getTranslatedFunction(this.getFunction()).getInitializeThisInstruction()
+    result = getTranslatedFunction(this.getFunction()).getLoadThisInstruction()
   }
 }
 

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/ir/implementation/raw/internal/TranslatedStmt.qll

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ private import TranslatedElement
 private import TranslatedExpr
 private import TranslatedFunction
 private import TranslatedInitialization
+private import TranslatedAssertion
 
 TranslatedStmt getTranslatedStmt(Stmt stmt) { result.getAst() = stmt }
 
@@ -324,8 +325,16 @@ abstract class TranslatedStmt extends TranslatedElement, TTranslatedStmt {
 
 class TranslatedEmptyStmt extends TranslatedStmt {
   TranslatedEmptyStmt() {
-    stmt instanceof EmptyStmt or
-    stmt instanceof LabelStmt or
+    // An assertion macro invocation can expand to
+    // an empty statement in release builds. In that case
+    // we synthesize the check that would have occurred.
+    // This is handled by `TranslatedAssertion.qll` and so
+    // we exclude these statements here.
+    not assertion(_, stmt) and
+    stmt instanceof EmptyStmt
+    or
+    stmt instanceof LabelStmt
+    or
     stmt instanceof SwitchCase
   }
 
@@ -381,7 +390,7 @@ class TranslatedDeclStmt extends TranslatedStmt {
 
   override TranslatedElement getLastChild() { result = this.getChild(this.getChildCount() - 1) }
 
-  private int getChildCount() { result = count(this.getDeclarationEntry(_)) }
+  private int getChildCount() { result = count(int i | exists(this.getDeclarationEntry(i))) }
 
   IRDeclarationEntry getIRDeclarationEntry(int index) {
     result.hasIndex(index) and
@@ -420,6 +429,15 @@ class TranslatedDeclStmt extends TranslatedStmt {
 class TranslatedExprStmt extends TranslatedStmt {
   override ExprStmt stmt;
 
+  TranslatedExprStmt() {
+    // An assertion macro invocation typically expand to the
+    // expression `((void)0)` in release builds. In that case
+    // we synthesize the check that would have occurred.
+    // This is handled by `TranslatedAssertion.qll` and so
+    // we exclude these statements here.
+    not assertion(_, stmt)
+  }
+
   TranslatedExpr getExpr() { result = getTranslatedExpr(stmt.getExpr().getFullyConverted()) }
 
   override TranslatedElement getChildInternal(int id) { id = 0 and result = this.getExpr() }

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/models/Models.qll

@@ -57,3 +57,4 @@ private import implementations.CAtlFile
 private import implementations.CAtlFileMapping
 private import implementations.CAtlTemporaryFile
 private import implementations.CRegKey
+private import implementations.WinHttp

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/models/implementations/MySql.qll

@@ -16,17 +16,3 @@ private class MySqlExecutionFunction extends SqlExecutionFunction {
 
   override predicate hasSqlArgument(FunctionInput input) { input.isParameterDeref(1) }
 }
-
-/**
- * The `mysql_real_escape_string` family of functions from the MySQL C API.
- */
-private class MySqlBarrierFunction extends SqlBarrierFunction {
-  MySqlBarrierFunction() {
-    this.hasName(["mysql_real_escape_string", "mysql_real_escape_string_quote"])
-  }
-
-  override predicate barrierSqlArgument(FunctionInput input, FunctionOutput output) {
-    input.isParameterDeref(2) and
-    output.isParameterDeref(1)
-  }
-}

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/models/implementations/WinHttp.qll

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+private import cpp
+private import semmle.code.cpp.ir.dataflow.FlowSteps
+private import semmle.code.cpp.dataflow.new.DataFlow
+
+/** The `WINHTTP_HEADER_NAME` class from `winhttp.h`. */
+class WinHttpHeaderName extends Class {
+  WinHttpHeaderName() { this.hasGlobalName("_WINHTTP_HEADER_NAME") }
+}
+
+/** The `WINHTTP_EXTENDED_HEADER` class from `winhttp.h`. */
+class WinHttpExtendedHeader extends Class {
+  WinHttpExtendedHeader() { this.hasGlobalName("_WINHTTP_EXTENDED_HEADER") }
+}
+
+private class WinHttpHeaderNameInheritingContent extends TaintInheritingContent,
+  DataFlow::FieldContent
+{
+  WinHttpHeaderNameInheritingContent() {
+    this.getIndirectionIndex() = 2 and
+    (
+      this.getAField().getDeclaringType() instanceof WinHttpHeaderName
+      or
+      // The extended header looks like:
+      // struct WINHTTP_EXTENDED_HEADER {
+      //   union { [...] };
+      //   union { [...] };
+      // };
+      // So the first declaring type is the anonymous unions, and the declaring
+      // type of those anonymous unions is the `WINHTTP_EXTENDED_HEADER` struct.
+      this.getAField().getDeclaringType().getDeclaringType() instanceof WinHttpExtendedHeader
+    )
+  }
+}
+
+/** The `URL_COMPONENTS` class from `winhttp.h`. */
+class WinHttpUrlComponents extends Class {
+  WinHttpUrlComponents() { this.hasGlobalName("_WINHTTP_URL_COMPONENTS") }
+}
+
+private class WinHttpUrlComponentsInheritingContent extends TaintInheritingContent,
+  DataFlow::FieldContent
+{
+  WinHttpUrlComponentsInheritingContent() {
+    exists(Field f | f = this.getField() and f.getDeclaringType() instanceof WinHttpUrlComponents |
+      if f.getType().getUnspecifiedType() instanceof PointerType
+      then this.getIndirectionIndex() = 2
+      else this.getIndirectionIndex() = 1
+    )
+  }
+}

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/rangeanalysis/SimpleRangeAnalysis.qll

@@ -158,22 +158,6 @@ private class UnsignedBitwiseAndExpr extends BitwiseAndExpr {
   }
 }
 
-/**
- * Gets the floor of `v`, with additional logic to work around issues with
- * large numbers.
- */
-bindingset[v]
-float safeFloor(float v) {
-  // return the floor of v
-  v.abs() < 2.pow(31) and
-  result = v.floor()
-  or
-  // `floor()` doesn't work correctly on large numbers (since it returns an integer),
-  // so fall back to unrounded numbers at this scale.
-  not v.abs() < 2.pow(31) and
-  result = v
-}
-
 /** A `MulExpr` where exactly one operand is constant. */
 private class MulByConstantExpr extends MulExpr {
   float constant;
@@ -1266,7 +1250,7 @@ private float getLowerBoundsImpl(Expr expr) {
       rsExpr = expr and
       left = getFullyConvertedLowerBounds(rsExpr.getLeftOperand()) and
       right = getValue(rsExpr.getRightOperand().getFullyConverted()).toInt() and
-      result = safeFloor(left / 2.pow(right))
+      result = (left / 2.pow(right)).floorFloat()
     )
     // Not explicitly modeled by a SimpleRangeAnalysisExpr
   ) and
@@ -1475,7 +1459,7 @@ private float getUpperBoundsImpl(Expr expr) {
       rsExpr = expr and
       left = getFullyConvertedUpperBounds(rsExpr.getLeftOperand()) and
       right = getValue(rsExpr.getRightOperand().getFullyConverted()).toInt() and
-      result = safeFloor(left / 2.pow(right))
+      result = (left / 2.pow(right)).floorFloat()
     )
     // Not explicitly modeled by a SimpleRangeAnalysisExpr
   ) and
@@ -1725,6 +1709,22 @@ predicate nonNanGuardedVariable(Expr guard, VariableAccess v, boolean branch) {
   nanExcludingComparison(guard, branch)
 }
 
+/**
+ * Adjusts a lower bound to its meaning for integral types.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ * `>= 3.0` becomes `3.0`
+ * ` > 3.0` becomes `4.0`
+ * `>= 3.5` becomes `4.0`
+ * ` > 3.5` becomes `4.0`
+ */
+bindingset[strictness, lb]
+private float adjustLowerBoundIntegral(RelationStrictness strictness, float lb) {
+  if strictness = Nonstrict() and lb.floorFloat() = lb
+  then result = lb
+  else result = lb.floorFloat() + 1
+}
+
 /**
  * If the guard is a comparison of the form `p*v + q <CMP> r`, then this
  * predicate uses the bounds information for `r` to compute a lower bound
@@ -1736,15 +1736,29 @@ private predicate lowerBoundFromGuard(Expr guard, VariableAccess v, float lb, bo
   |
     if nonNanGuardedVariable(guard, v, branch)
     then
-      if
-        strictness = Nonstrict() or
-        not getVariableRangeType(v.getTarget()) instanceof IntegralType
-      then lb = childLB
-      else lb = childLB + 1
+      if getVariableRangeType(v.getTarget()) instanceof IntegralType
+      then lb = adjustLowerBoundIntegral(strictness, childLB)
+      else lb = childLB
     else lb = varMinVal(v.getTarget())
   )
 }
 
+/**
+ * Adjusts an upper bound to its meaning for integral types.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ * `<= 3.0` becomes `3.0`
+ * ` < 3.0` becomes `2.0`
+ * `<= 3.5` becomes `3.0`
+ * ` < 3.5` becomes `3.0`
+ */
+bindingset[strictness, ub]
+private float adjustUpperBoundIntegral(RelationStrictness strictness, float ub) {
+  if strictness = Nonstrict() and ub.ceilFloat() = ub
+  then result = ub
+  else result = ub.ceilFloat() - 1
+}
+
 /**
  * If the guard is a comparison of the form `p*v + q <CMP> r`, then this
  * predicate uses the bounds information for `r` to compute a upper bound
@@ -1756,11 +1770,9 @@ private predicate upperBoundFromGuard(Expr guard, VariableAccess v, float ub, bo
   |
     if nonNanGuardedVariable(guard, v, branch)
     then
-      if
-        strictness = Nonstrict() or
-        not getVariableRangeType(v.getTarget()) instanceof IntegralType
-      then ub = childUB
-      else ub = childUB - 1
+      if getVariableRangeType(v.getTarget()) instanceof IntegralType
+      then ub = adjustUpperBoundIntegral(strictness, childUB)
+      else ub = childUB
     else ub = varMaxVal(v.getTarget())
   )
 }

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/stmts/Stmt.qll

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class Stmt extends StmtParent, @stmt {
   predicate hasChild(Element e, int n) { this.getChild(n) = e }
 
   /** Gets the enclosing function of this statement, if any. */
-  Function getEnclosingFunction() { result = stmtEnclosingElement(this) }
+  override Function getEnclosingFunction() { result = stmtEnclosingElement(this) }
 
   /**
    * Gets the nearest enclosing block of this statement in the source, if any.
@@ -159,7 +159,10 @@ private class TStmtParent = @stmt or @expr;
  *
  * This is normally a statement, but may be a `StmtExpr`.
  */
-class StmtParent extends ControlFlowNode, TStmtParent { }
+class StmtParent extends ControlFlowNode, TStmtParent {
+  /** Gets the enclosing function of this element, if any. */
+  Function getEnclosingFunction() { none() }
+}
 
 /**
  * A C/C++ 'expression' statement.

cpp/ql/lib/semmlecode.cpp.dbscheme

@@ -236,6 +236,34 @@ extractor_version(
     string frontend_version: string ref
 )
 
+/**
+ * Gives the TRAP filename that `trap` is associated with.
+ * For debugging only.
+ */
+trap_filename(
+    int trap: @trap,
+    string filename: string ref
+);
+
+/**
+ * In `build-mode: none` overlay mode, indicates that `source_file`
+ * (`/path/to/foo.c`) uses the TRAP file `trap_file`; i.e. it is the
+ * TRAP file corresponding to `foo.c`, something it transitively
+ * includes, or a template instantiation it transitively uses.
+ */
+source_file_uses_trap(
+    string source_file: string ref,
+    int trap_file: @trap ref
+);
+
+/**
+ * Holds if there is a definition of `element` in TRAP file `trap_file`.
+ */
+in_trap(
+    int element: @element ref,
+    int trap_file: @trap ref
+);
+
 pch_uses(
     int pch: @pch ref,
     int compilation: @compilation ref,
@@ -617,9 +645,9 @@ case @builtintype.kind of
 | 37 = @signed_int128         // signed __int128
 | 38 = @float128              // __float128
 | 39 = @complex_float128      // _Complex __float128
-| 40 = @decimal32             // _Decimal32
-| 41 = @decimal64             // _Decimal64
-| 42 = @decimal128            // _Decimal128
+// ... 40 _Decimal32
+// ... 41 _Decimal64
+// ... 42 _Decimal128
 | 43 = @char16_t
 | 44 = @char32_t
 | 45 = @std_float32           // _Float32
@@ -1902,6 +1930,9 @@ case @expr.kind of
 | 391 = @nested_requirement
 | 392 = @compound_requirement
 | 393 = @concept_id
+| 394 = @isinvocable
+| 395 = @isnothrowinvocable
+| 396 = @isbitwisecloneable
 ;
 
 @var_args_expr = @vastartexpr
@@ -2018,6 +2049,9 @@ case @expr.kind of
             | @istriviallyequalitycomparable
             | @isscopedenum
             | @istriviallyrelocatable
+            | @isinvocable
+            | @isnothrowinvocable
+            | @isbitwisecloneable
             ;
 
 compound_requirement_is_noexcept(
@@ -2034,6 +2068,10 @@ new_array_allocated_type(
     int type_id: @type ref
 );
 
+param_ref_to_this(
+    int expr: @param_ref ref
+)
+
 /**
  * The field being initialized by an initializer expression within an aggregate
  * initializer for a class/struct/union. Position is used to sort repeated initializers.
@@ -2343,6 +2381,7 @@ case @preprocdirect.kind of
 | 14 = @ppd_ms_import
 | 15 = @ppd_elifdef
 | 16 = @ppd_elifndef
+| 17 = @ppd_embed
 | 18 = @ppd_warning
 ;
 
@@ -2369,6 +2408,11 @@ includes(
     int included: @file ref
 );
 
+embeds(
+    unique int id: @ppd_embed ref,
+    int included: @file ref
+);
+
 link_targets(
     int id: @link_target,
     int binary: @file ref
@@ -2379,6 +2423,8 @@ link_parent(
     int link_target : @link_target ref
 );
 
+/*- Database metadata -*/
+
 /**
  * The CLI will automatically emit applicable tuples for this table,
  * such as `databaseMetadata("isOverlay", "true")` when building an
@@ -2389,6 +2435,8 @@ databaseMetadata(
   string value: string ref
 );
 
+/*- Overlay support -*/
+
 /**
  * The CLI will automatically emit tuples for each new/modified/deleted file
  * when building an overlay database.