`ImportResolution.qll` was the last new-dataflow file with a direct
`import semmle.python.essa.SsaDefinitions`, used only for the
`SsaSource::init_module_submodule_defn` helper. Inline the 5-line body
as a local private predicate. No functional change — the inlined
predicate is clause-for-clause equivalent (the `f = init.getEntryNode()`
join only constrained `package = init`, since `Scope.getEntryNode()` is
unique per scope; we now express that constraint directly).
All 70 dataflow + ApiGraphs library-tests pass.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
The legacy CFG emitted two ControlFlowNodes for `x[i] += 42` (one load,
one store, with `load.strictlyDominates(store)`). The new CFG collapses
them to a single canonical node, mirroring Java's single-`VarAccess`
model where `isVarRead`/`isVarWrite` are non-disjoint on the same
expression. Reconcile two legacy two-node behaviours with the merged
single-node world:
1. `Cfg::ControlFlowNode.isLoad()` no longer excludes augmented
targets — both `isLoad` and `isStore` hold on the merged canonical
node, matching Java. `NameNode.defines` drops the now-redundant
`not isLoad` guard; `Py::Name.defines` already filters by
`isDefinition` (Store/Param/AugAssign-target ctx).
2. `LocalFlow::definitionFlowStep` is restricted to NameNode targets,
matching legacy ESSA's `assignment_definition` which required
`defn.(NameNode).defines(v)`. Subscript and attribute writes
(`x[i] = 42`, `obj.attr = 42`) no longer emit a local-flow step
*into* the LHS expression — that flow is handled by the AttrWrite
and content-flow machinery. This is essential for keeping augmented
Subscript/Attribute targets classifiable as `LocalSourceNode` on
the read side, which the API graph requires for emitting Use edges.
`StoreLoadTest.ql` is updated to filter `isAugLoad` out of the regular
`load` tag, mirroring the pre-existing `not isAugStore` filter on the
`store` tag so augmented-assignment expectations remain
`augload=n augstore=n` (not also `load=n store=n`).
Closes the three remaining ApiGraphs library-test failures
(`getSubscript.ql` semantically, plus cosmetic toString updates in
`ModuleImportWithDots.ql` and `test_crosstalk.ql`).
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Add a 4th disjunct to `SsaImplInput::variableWrite` in the shared-SSA
adapter that mirrors legacy ESSA's `ImportStarRefinement`: every
variable whose scope is the import-star's scope, OR which is used in
the import-star's scope, gets an uncertain write at the `import *`
position.
Uncertain writes do not kill prior definitions; shared SSA's
`SsaUncertainWrite` joins the new value with the immediately-preceding
definition via `uncertainWriteDefinitionInput`. This is the equivalent
of legacy ESSA's two-input refinement.
Cannot depend on `ImportStar` / `ImportResolution` (those modules
import `SsaImpl`), so the predicate uses the structural heuristic on
`Cfg::ImportStarNode` directly.
This closes the two remaining failing dataflow library-tests:
- `import-star/global` — `module_export` chains via `from X import *`
re-exports now resolve: the importing module has an SSA def of every
re-exported name, so `lastUseVar` finds the read at the use site.
- `typetracking_imports/highlight_problem` — a direct `from .foo import
foo` immediately followed by `from .other import *` is now correctly
marked as dead at the direct import.
Two scope-entry-def noise rows in `highlight_problem.expected` are also
dropped — legacy ESSA needed them as refinement inputs, but shared SSA
handles uncertain writes without an explicit prior def. They were
always tagged `no use to normal exit` (dead).
Dataflow library-tests: 62/64 → 64/64 passing.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Test-side changes accompanying the dataflow migration:
* Test queries (.ql) and shared test harness (TestSummaries,
TestTaintLib) qualify CFG / SSA types with Cfg:: / SsaImpl::,
bridge via AST (Name, Call, ...) instead of legacy NameNode /
CallNode, and switch GlobalSsaVariable / EssaVariable usages
to the new adapter API.
* .expected files updated for legitimate precision and toString
changes:
- phi-node def-use edges newly exposed in def_use_counts.
- scope-exit synthetic use surfaces one extra implicit use
in use-use-counts.
- For [empty]/[non-empty] outcome rows added in
EnclosingCallable.
- SsaSourceVariable / Global Variable label cosmetics
normalised throughout.
* Inline annotations:
- typetracking/test.py: removed MISSING:tracked on lines
93/95 (now found), added SPURIOUS:tracked on line 108
(decorator over-reach).
- global-flow/test.py: added SPURIOUS writes=g_mod on line
20 (correctly reports immediately-overwritten write).
- tainttracking/customSanitizer/test.py: marked
try/except: ensure_tainted(s) cases as MISSING: tainted
(no-raise CFG abstraction does not connect try body to
except body).
- coverage/test.py: marked
SINK(return_from_inner_scope([])) as
MISSING: flow=... pending closer investigation.
* regression/{dataflow,custom_dataflow}.expected: accept two
if/else cond-correlation over-reaches (documented limitation;
same imprecision applies under legacy semantics by design).
After this change the dataflow library-tests stand at 62 of 64
passing; the two remaining failures are tracked under the
ImportStarRefinement workstream.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Switches the trunk dataflow library and all in-tree consumers
(frameworks, ApiGraphs, Concepts, regexp, security customisations,
test harness) from the legacy Flow.qll/ESSA stack to the new
shared-CFG facade (Cfg.qll) and the ESSA-shaped adapter on the
shared-SSA library (SsaImpl.qll).
Highlights:
* DataFlowPublic/Private/Dispatch, Attributes, VariableCapture,
IterableUnpacking, ImportResolution, ImportStar, LocalSources,
TaintTrackingPrivate, MatchUnpacking, TypeTrackingImpl,
SsaImpl, Builtins all now qualify CFG/SSA references with
Cfg:: / SsaImpl:: and stop pulling in semmle.python.essa.*.
* AstNodeImpl.qll/Cfg.qll: ImportMember exposes its inner
ImportExpr, DefinitionNode.getValue covers Alias / AnnAssign /
AugAssign / AssignExpr / For-target / Parameter-default,
ForNode is treated as an expression node, AnnotatedExitNode is
canonical, and BoolExprNode.getAnOperand drops the dominance
constraint that did not hold for short-circuit BBs.
* SsaImpl.qll: parameters always get a ParameterDefinition (so
unused parameters still have SSA defs), scope-entry defs for
module globals require an actual store somewhere, scope-exit
has a synthetic use so reaching-defs survives to module
boundary, and the legacy SsaSourceVariable / EssaVariable
surface (getName, getScope, getAUse, getASourceUse,
getAnImplicitUse) is reinstated for downstream queries.
* DataFlowPublic.qll: GuardNode redesigned around the new
structural outcome nodes (isAfterTrue / isAfterFalse). The
legacy ConditionBlock + flipped indirection is gone;
controlsBlock walks UP through 'not' / '==True' / 'is False'
etc. via outcomeOfGuard, accumulating polarity cleanly. Only
BarrierGuard<...> is preserved as public API.
* ModuleVariableNode.getAWrite and LocalFlow::definitionFlowStep
bypass SSA and consult Cfg::NameNode.defines /
Cfg::DefinitionNode.getValue directly, so that write defs
pruned by shared SSA (because the variable has no in-scope
read) still produce dataflow steps.
* Frameworks + downstream consumers: replace
EssaVariable.hasDefiningNode, getAReturnValueFlowNode,
Parameter.getDefault, Scope.getEntryNode / getANormalExit etc.
with CFG-side bridges through Cfg::ControlFlowNode.
The legacy Flow.qll / Essa.qll stack is untouched and remains
available for queries that import it directly.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Option 2: eliminates the AST→CFG bridge from the AST layer. Previously
'AstNode.getAFlowNode()' returned a 'ControlFlowNode' from the legacy
'Flow.qll' CFG via 'py_flow_bb_node' — this hardcoded the AST to know
about the legacy CFG, preventing files from cleanly switching to the
new shared CFG.
Removes:
* 'AstNode.getAFlowNode()' from 'AstExtended.qll'
* Type-narrowing overrides on 'Attribute' / 'Subscript' / 'Call' /
'IfExp' / 'Name' / 'NameConstant' / 'ImportMember' (in Exprs.qll
and Import.qll)
Rewrites ~130 call sites across 'python/ql/lib/' and 'python/ql/src/'
to bridge from the CFG side instead:
Before: node = expr.getAFlowNode()
After: node.getNode() = expr
Before: expr.getAFlowNode().(DefinitionNode).getValue()
After: exists(DefinitionNode d | d.getNode() = expr | d.getValue())
Before: cn.operands(const.getAFlowNode(), op, x)
After: exists(ControlFlowNode c | c.getNode() = const | cn.operands(c, op, x))
This is semantically a no-op — both forms are duals of the same predicate.
Verified by passing all library tests:
* 64 dataflow tests
* 28 ControlFlow + dataflow-new-ssa tests
* 1 essa SSA-compute test
* 93 tests total in the focused suite
Once committed, files that want to switch from the legacy 'Flow' CFG
to the new 'Cfg' facade only need to change their imports — the
bridge sites are CFG-side and respect whichever ControlFlowNode is in
scope.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Extends the ESSA-shaped adapter on top of the new shared SSA with the
remaining APIs consumed by the dataflow library:
* MultiAssignmentDefinition: matches the AST pattern 'a, b = ...' where
the LHS is a Tuple/List and the Name being defined is a sub-element.
Used by IterableUnpacking.qll to recognise unpacking assignments.
* EssaNodeDefinition.definedBy(var, defNode): a flatter equivalent of
'getSourceVariable() = var and getDefiningNode() = defNode', matching
legacy ESSA's signature. Used by DataFlowPublic.qll's
ModuleVariableNode to enumerate writes of a global.
* AdjacentUses::useOfDef(def, use): all reachable uses of a definition
(firstUse plus transitive use-use adjacency). Used by guards in
DataFlowPublic.qll.
These complete the API surface enumerated by grep across the dataflow
library. The remaining items (EssaNodeRefinement, EssaImportStep) are
ImportResolution-specific and will need separate treatment, possibly via
a different abstraction since the SSA library does not model heap-state
refinements like 'foo.bar = X'.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
The new SSA's implicit entry-def predicate previously placed entries in
the variable's defining scope. For closure variables that's the outer
function, so inner functions had no entry def for the captured
variable — reads in the inner scope failed to resolve to any
definition.
Mirrors legacy ESSA's 'NonLocalVariable.getScopeEntryDefinition()':
place an implicit entry def at every reading scope's entry block,
independently of where the variable is *defined*. A closure variable
accessed in two nested functions and the outer one gets three entry
defs (one per reading scope).
Also makes 'ScopeEntryDefinition' extend 'EssaNodeDefinition' (matching
legacy ESSA), with 'getDefiningNode()' returning the scope's entry CFG
node. This requires extending the private 'writeDefNode' helper to
project i=-1 entries to bb.getNode(0).
Updates the new-vs-legacy comparison snapshot: closure-variable reads
('x:32:5'), nested global reads ('GLOBAL:52:1') now resolve. New
'def-only-new' entries appear for unbound names ('sum', 'open',
'compute') — the new SSA uniformly creates scope-entry defs for all
non-local reads, including those that legacy ESSA classifies as
builtin and excludes. This is a more uniform semantic and arguably
cleaner.
Updates the SsaTest 'some_undefined' annotation: previously documented
as a known limitation, now correctly resolves to a scope-entry def.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Phase 0.5 - Adapter API on top of the shared SSA:
Adds the legacy-ESSA-shaped class hierarchy that the dataflow library
consumes, layered on the shared 'Ssa::Make' instantiation:
* EssaDefinition / EssaNodeDefinition: the latter exposes
'getDefiningNode()' (the CFG node at the def's index in its BB)
and 'getVariable()' / 'getScope()'.
* AssignmentDefinition: matches Assign, AnnAssign with value,
AssignExpr and AugAssign target Names. Exposes 'getValue()'
pointing at the RHS' CFG node.
* ParameterDefinition: matches when the defining Name is in
parameter context.
* WithDefinition: matches 'with ... as x:' bindings.
* ScopeEntryDefinition: implicit entry defs at synthetic position
'-1' of the scope's entry basic block (non-local / global /
builtin / captured reads).
* PhiFunction (alias for PhiNode).
* EssaVariable adapter wrapping a 'Ssa::Definition' with 'getAUse()',
'getDefinition()', 'getAnUltimateDefinition()', and 'getName()'.
* AdjacentUses module with 'firstUse' and 'adjacentUseUse' predicates
bridging to 'Ssa::firstUse' / 'Ssa::adjacentUseUse'.
This is the minimum API the new dataflow's internals call into. The
richer legacy ESSA (refinement nodes, attribute refinements, edge
refinements) stays in 'semmle.python.essa.Essa' for legacy code.
Phase 0.6 - Comparison test:
Adds 'dataflow-new-ssa-vs-legacy/CmpTest.ql' that snapshots the
difference between definitions produced by new SSA vs legacy ESSA on
the same Python source. Baseline output records the current
'def-only-old' mismatches, grouped by category:
* function/class/global definitions with no in-scope read (intentional;
SSA is liveness-pruned)
* captured / closure variables (real gap in new SSA - no
closure-capture handling yet)
* module variables __name__ / __package__ / $ (legacy ESSA implicit
bindings)
* exception 'as' bindings (depend on raise modelling)
Zero 'def-only-new' mismatches: the new SSA never produces a spurious
definition compared to legacy ESSA on this corpus.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Prepares Flow.qll for co-existence with the new CFG facade by switching
'import python' to 'import python as Py' and qualifying every AST-class
reference inside Flow.qll's body. Flow.qll's own CFG types
(ControlFlowNode, BasicBlock, CallNode, NameNode, etc.) keep their
unqualified names.
This change is a no-op semantically:
* all 24 evaluation-order tests still pass,
* the bindings + store-load + new-CFG-SSA library tests still pass,
* compilation produces zero errors.
The change enables a follow-up commit to swap python.qll's
'import semmle.python.Flow' for 'import semmle.python.controlflow.internal.Cfg'
without triggering name-clash errors inside Flow.qll itself. Legacy
modules that still want the legacy CFG (essa/, GuardedControlFlow,
LegacyPointsTo, objects/, pointsto/, types/, dataflow/old/) will need a
similar treatment in subsequent commits.
The qualification was applied mechanically via a script that prefixed
every reference to a known AST class. The list includes the standard
AST node types from semmle.python.{Files, Variables, Stmts, Exprs,
Class, Function, Patterns, Comprehensions} plus 'Location' / 'File' /
'Folder' / 'Container' / 'ConditionBlock' / 'Delete' / 'Load'.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Adds the methods and type-narrowing overrides needed for Cfg.qll to be
a drop-in replacement for Flow.qll's CFG API surface:
* 'override getNode()' type narrowing on all AST-shape subclasses
(CallNode -> Py::Call, AttrNode -> Py::Attribute, ImportExprNode
-> Py::ImportExpr, etc.). This lets callers chain methods like
'iexpr.getNode().isRelative()' that previously failed because
'getNode()' returned the generic AstNode.
* 'ControlFlowNode.isBranch()' -- true and/or false successor exists.
* 'ControlFlowNode.getAChild()' -- CFG-level child traversal via the
AST's getAChildNode, with dominance constraint.
* 'ControlFlowNode.strictlyReaches(other)' -- node-level reachability.
* 'NameNode.isSelf()' -- AST-level approximation: uses the 'Variable'
that is the first parameter of an enclosing method.
* 'BinaryExprNode.operands(left, op, right)' + 'getAnOperand()'.
* 'BoolExprNode.getAnOperand()'.
* 'ForNode.getSequence()' (alias for 'getIter') and
'ForNode.iterates(target, sequence)'.
* 'ForNode' / 'RaiseStmtNode' type-narrowing overrides.
* 'ExceptFlowNode.getName()' / 'ExceptGroupFlowNode.getName()'
-- the bound 'as'-name CFG node.
* 'DictNode.getAKey()' (only 'getAValue' was present).
These additions are independent of the dataflow-migration approach
(option 4 vs option 5). They close the API-parity gap identified
during the Option-5 investigation; with them in place, hundreds of
type-resolution errors that previously appeared when swapping Cfg for
Flow at the python.qll level go away.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
In the legacy CFG the same Python 'Name' that is the target of an
augmented assignment has two distinct CFG nodes — a load node (context
3) earlier in the basic block and a store node (context 5) later.
'augstore(load, store)' relates the pair via dominance.
The new (shared) CFG canonicalises each AST expression to a single
CFG node, so 'load' and 'store' collapse to one. The dominance-based
'augstore' from the legacy implementation no longer holds (it would
require 'load.strictlyDominates(load)'), so 'isAugLoad' / 'isAugStore'
never fired and 'isStore' missed the AugAssign target entirely.
Redefines 'augstore' as reflexive on the AugAssign target's canonical
CFG node. With this change:
* isAugLoad / isAugStore both fire on the single canonical node.
* isStore fires (via 'or augstore(_, this)') — matching the legacy
classification that an augmented-assignment target is a store.
* isLoad does not fire (excluded by 'not augstore(_, this)').
Adds 'python/ql/test/library-tests/ControlFlow/store-load/' covering
plain load/store/delete, parameters, augmented assignment, tuple
unpacking, attribute and subscript stores. The test asserts the
classification directly on the new-CFG facade.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Adds 'python/ql/lib/semmle/python/dataflow/new/internal/SsaImpl.qll', a
minimal Python SSA implementation built on the shared SSA library
('codeql.ssa.Ssa::Make<Location, Cfg, Input>'). The structure mirrors
Java's adapter at 'java/ql/lib/semmle/code/java/dataflow/internal/SsaImpl.qll'.
Key design choices:
* 'SourceVariable' wraps 'Py::Variable'. Only variables that are read
or deleted somewhere are tracked - write-only variables don't
benefit from SSA construction.
* Variable references are positional ('BasicBlock', 'int') pairs
looked up via 'Cfg::NameNode.defines'/'.uses'/'.deletes' (which
themselves are one-line bridges to AST-level 'Name.defines' etc.).
* Parameter writes are not synthesised: parameter Name nodes are
already wired into the CFG (per the earlier C#-style parameter
extension in 'AstNodeImpl.qll'), so the regular 'variableWrite'
path handles them at their natural CFG index.
* Non-local / captured / global / builtin variables read in a scope
but not written in it receive a synthetic entry definition at
index '-1' of the scope's entry basic block. This matches Java's
'hasEntryDef'.
* 'del x' is modelled as a certain write at the deletion site.
Includes an inline-expectations test under
'python/ql/test/library-tests/dataflow-new-ssa/' covering:
plain parameter pass-through, simple assignment + read, reassignment
with dead-write pruning, if/else with phi insertion at the join, and
an undefined-name read (currently a known limitation - no SSA flow
without an enclosing definition).
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Adds 'Cfg.qll' alongside 'AstNodeImpl.qll' in the controlflow internal
package. The facade re-exposes the same API surface as the legacy
'semmle/python/Flow.qll' (ControlFlowNode, BasicBlock, NameNode, CallNode,
AttrNode, ImportExprNode, ImportMemberNode, ImportStarNode, SubscriptNode,
CompareNode, IfExprNode, AssignmentExprNode, BinaryExprNode, BoolExprNode,
UnaryExprNode, DefinitionNode, DeletionNode, ForNode, RaiseStmtNode,
StarredNode, ExceptFlowNode, ExceptGroupFlowNode, TupleNode, ListNode,
SetNode, DictNode, IterableNode, NameConstantNode), but is implemented
on top of the new shared CFG via 'AstNodeImpl.qll'.
The variable-identity predicates ('NameNode.defines', '.uses',
'.deletes', '.isLocal', '.isNonLocal', ...) are one-line bridges to the
underlying AST predicates ('Name.defines', '.uses', '.deletes'),
mirroring the Java pattern.
Re-exports 'EntryBasicBlock' and 'dominatingEdge/2' from the shared
'BB::CfgSig' produced by 'AstNodeImpl.qll', so downstream consumers
(e.g. the SSA adapter) can wire the new CFG into other shared modules
that expect a 'CfgSig' implementation.
This facade is not yet consumed by the dataflow library — that is the
next phase.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Adds 'dead_under_no_raise.py' to the bindings test suite, capturing the
three CPython patterns where bindings legitimately have no CFG node
because the surrounding code is unreachable under the 'no expressions
raise' abstraction:
1. Statements after a 'try: return X; except: pass' block.
2. The 'else:' clause of a try whose body always raises.
3. Cache-lookup pattern 'try: return cache[k]; except: pass' followed
by computation and store.
These bindings intentionally carry no 'cfgdefines=' annotations. If
raise modelling is later added to the CFG, the BindingsTest will surface
the new CFG nodes as unexpected results and this file will need to be
revisited.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Adds CFG coverage for the binding 'Name's introduced by PEP 695
type-parameter syntax on functions, classes, and 'type' aliases:
def func[T](...): ...
class Box[T]: ...
def multi[T: int, *Ts, **P](...): ...
type Alias[T] = ...
For each parametrised AST node, the type-parameter names (and, for
'type' aliases, the alias name itself) are added as children of the
enclosing CFG node so that 'Name.defines(v)' has a corresponding
position. Bounds and defaults are intentionally not wired (they have
no SSA-relevant semantics for our purposes).
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Adds `ImportStmt` and `ImportStarStmt` wrappers in `AstNodeImpl.qll`.
For each `Alias` in an import statement, both the value (module/member
expression) and the bound `asname` Name become children of the CFG node
for the import statement, in evaluation order.
Without this, every `Name` introduced by `import` / `from .. import ..`
lacked a CFG node, even though `Name.defines(v)` returns true for it on
the AST side. This was the highest-volume gap: 20,332 missing import
aliases across CPython.
Removes the corresponding MISSING: annotations from imports.py.
Verified: all 24 ControlFlow/evaluation-order tests still pass.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Implements `AstSig::Parameter` and `callableGetParameter(c, i)` in
`AstNodeImpl.qll`, following the C# template
(`csharp/.../ControlFlowGraph.qll:147-156`) rather than Java's
`Parameter() { none() }`.
Each Python parameter (positional, *args, keyword-only, **kwargs) now
becomes a CFG node at a stable position in the enclosing callable's
entry sequence. Defaults still evaluate at function-definition time
via `FunctionDefExpr.getDefault` / `LambdaExpr.getDefault`, so
`Parameter::getDefaultValue()` returns `none()` (the shared CFG
library calls this to model the missing-argument fallback, which
Python does not surface at the CFG level).
The bindings test now exercises parameters (the `py_expr_contexts(_, 4, ...)`
exclusion has been removed). A new `parameters.py` test case covers
positional, defaulted, vararg, kwarg, keyword-only, kitchen-sink,
method (self/cls), lambda, and PEP 570 positional-only parameters.
Several other test files were updated to annotate parameters that the
test had previously hidden (synthetic `.0` comprehension parameter,
method `self`, decorator `f`, etc.).
Verified:
- All 24 ControlFlow/evaluation-order tests still pass.
- CFG consistency query (`python/ql/consistency-queries/CfgConsistency.ql`)
shows zero violations on CPython.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Adds an `AnnAssignStmt` wrapper in `AstNodeImpl.qll` so that PEP 526
annotated assignments (`x: int = 1`, `x: int`) participate in the
control flow graph. Evaluation order follows CPython: annotation,
optional value, target binding.
Without this, `x: int = 1` had no CFG node for `x` even though
`Name.defines(v)` returns true for it on the AST side. SSA built on
the new CFG would therefore miss every annotated-assignment write.
Removes the corresponding MISSING: annotations from the CFG-binding
gap test:
- annassign.py — all four cases now green.
- match_pattern.py — class-body annotated fields (`x: int`, `y: int`).
- type_params.py — `item: T` inside class.
Verified: all 24 ControlFlow/evaluation-order tests still pass.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Adds inline-expectation tests for the new shared CFG implementation in
python/ql/lib/semmle/python/controlflow/internal/AstNodeImpl.qll,
covering every Python binding construct that introduces a variable.
The test files use MISSING: annotations to record bindings whose
defining Name AST node is *not* currently reachable from the new CFG.
These are the 'red' half of red-green commit pairs: subsequent commits
will extend AstNodeImpl to cover each construct and remove the
corresponding MISSING: marker.
Confirmed-broken categories:
- Import aliases (from x import a)
- Annotated assignment (x: int = 1)
- Exception handler (except E as e)
- Match patterns (case x, case [a,b], case ... as v)
- PEP 695 type params (def f[T], class C[T])
Confirmed-working (no MISSING:):
- Compound targets, with-as, comprehensions, decorated def/class,
walrus, starred.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Style cleanup: avoid naming newtype branch constructors (TPyStmt,
TPyExpr, TBlockStmt, TPattern, TBoolExprPair, TScope) outside the
char-preds that classify their wrappers. Method bodies and helper
predicates now use the as* projections instead:
// Before: result = TBlockStmt(ifStmt.getBody())
// After: result.asStmtList() = ifStmt.getBody()
// Before: result = TPyStmt(matchStmt.getCase(index))
// After: result.asStmt() = matchStmt.getCase(index)
Adds:
- AstNode.asStmtList() - the inverse of TBlockStmt(_).
- BinaryExpr.getIndex() - exposes the synthetic-pair index, used
internally by getRightOperand to find the next pair without
naming TBoolExprPair.
No behaviour change: all 24 NewCfg evaluation-order tests pass; all
11 shared-CFG consistency queries report 0 violations on CPython.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Style cleanup: when a class's characteristic predicate binds via a
'cast' helper like
IfStmt() { ifStmt = this.asStmt() }
prefer naming the newtype branch directly:
IfStmt() { this = TPyStmt(ifStmt) }
This makes the wrapped representation explicit. Apply throughout:
~30 charpreds (every Stmt/Expr leaf wrapper, plus LoopStmt, BreakStmt,
ContinueStmt, BooleanLiteral, UnaryExpr, ArithUnaryExpr, Comprehension).
Method bodies that use asStmt/asExpr to project an underlying
Python AST node (Stmt.toString, BlockStmt.getEnclosingCallable,
UnaryExpr.getOperand, etc.) keep that form - they're projections,
not classifications.
No behaviour change: all 24 NewCfg evaluation-order tests pass; all
11 shared-CFG consistency queries report 0 violations on CPython.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Mirror the TStmt refactor for the Expr hierarchy: rename the TExpr
newtype branch to TPyExpr and add
private class TExpr = TPyExpr or TBoolExprPair;
This lets the public Expr class use TExpr directly:
class Expr extends AstNodeImpl, TExpr { ... }
instead of
class Expr extends AstNodeImpl {
Expr() { this instanceof TExpr or this instanceof TBoolExprPair }
...
}
No behaviour change: all 24 NewCfg evaluation-order tests pass; all
11 shared-CFG consistency queries report 0 violations on CPython.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Replace the 14-disjunct allow-list with a 2-conjunct exclusion list.
Of the 17 Py::StmtList getters in AstGenerated.qll, only Try.getHandlers()
and MatchStmt.getCases() should not be wrapped as BlockStmts (they are
iterated individually by the shared library's Try/Switch logic via
getCatch(int) and getCase(int)). All other StmtLists are imperative
block bodies.
No behaviour change: all 24 NewCfg evaluation-order tests pass; all
11 shared-CFG consistency queries report 0 violations on CPython.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Rename the TStmt newtype branch to TPyStmt, and add a private union
type alias
private class TStmt = TPyStmt or TBlockStmt;
This lets the public Stmt class use TStmt directly in its extends
clause:
class Stmt extends AstNodeImpl, TStmt { ... }
instead of the previous
class Stmt extends AstNodeImpl {
Stmt() { this instanceof TStmt or this instanceof TBlockStmt }
...
}
The same pattern is used in cpp/.../TInstruction.qll and
rust/.../Synth.qll.
No behaviour change: all 24 NewCfg evaluation-order tests pass; all
11 shared-CFG consistency queries report 0 violations on CPython.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Convert AstNode from a concrete class with empty default predicates into
a private abstract class plus a final alias, matching the pattern used
in cpp/.../EdgeKind.qll and cpp/.../IRVariable.qll:
abstract private class AstNodeImpl extends TAstNode {
abstract string toString();
abstract Py::Location getLocation();
abstract Callable getEnclosingCallable();
...
}
final class AstNode = AstNodeImpl;
This makes the compiler enforce that every concrete subclass implements
toString/getLocation/getEnclosingCallable, replacing the brittle
'empty default + per-branch override' arrangement. Sister classes
inside the module now extend AstNodeImpl instead of AstNode (which is
final and cannot be extended).
The empty Parameter stub gains explicit none() overrides for the
three abstract members, since QL requires them statically even when
the class has no instances.
No behaviour change: all 24 NewCfg evaluation-order tests pass; all
11 shared-CFG consistency queries report 0 violations on CPython.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Explain that the shared library's Assignment / CompoundAssignment
hierarchy extends BinaryExpr, so it cannot host Python's statement-
level assignment forms (Assign, AugAssign), and that Python has no
short-circuiting compound operators (&&=, ||=, ??=) so all
subclasses remain empty.
No behaviour change; doc comments only.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Replace the two-key TBlockStmt(Py::AstNode parent, string slot) newtype
branch with the simpler TBlockStmt(Py::StmtList sl). Each Py::StmtList
that represents an imperative block (function/class/module body, if/
while/for branch, try/except/finally body, case body, except/except*
body) becomes one BlockStmt directly. The slot string disappears;
toString just defers to Py::StmtList.toString() ('StmtList').
The newtype branch keeps an explicit characteristic predicate listing
the slots that count as block bodies. This excludes Try.getHandlers(),
which is a Py::StmtList of ExceptStmt items already iterated by the
shared library's Try logic via getCatch(int) - including it would
produce parallel CFG edges (verified: a permissive
TBlockStmt(Py::StmtList sl) version regressed CPython to 1720
multipleSuccessors and 584 deadEnds before this restriction).
Drops the getBodyStmtList helper. Caller sites now use the StmtList
accessor directly: TBlockStmt(ifStmt.getBody()),
TBlockStmt(tryStmt.getFinalbody()), etc.
No behaviour change: all 24 NewCfg evaluation-order tests pass; all
11 shared-CFG consistency queries report 0 violations on CPython.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Previously a Py::BoolExpr appeared in two newtype branches: as TExpr(be)
(the outermost pair) and TBoolExprPair(be, i) for inner pairs of 3+
operand expressions. This forced BinaryExpr/LogicalAndExpr/LogicalOrExpr
to disjoin two cases, and the synthetic-pair handling spanned multiple
layers.
Restrict TExpr to non-BoolExpr Py::Expr, and extend TBoolExprPair to
cover every operand pair (index 0..n-2). Now every Py::BoolExpr is
represented uniformly as TBoolExprPair(_, 0) for the whole expression
and TBoolExprPair(_, i) for inner pairs.
Extend AstNode.asExpr() to also recover the underlying Py::BoolExpr
from TBoolExprPair(_, 0). This makes asExpr() the inverse of
construction: every 'result = TExpr(e)' turns into 'result.asExpr() = e',
which works uniformly for BoolExprs and non-BoolExprs alike.
Consequences:
- BinaryExpr now extends TBoolExprPair directly with a single uniform
rule for left/right operands.
- LogicalAndExpr/LogicalOrExpr are one-line char preds via
getBoolExpr().
- The private BoolExprPair wrapper class folds into BinaryExpr.
- 60+ leaf wrappers now read 'result.asExpr() = py_expr' instead of
'result = TExpr(py_expr)'.
No behaviour change: all 24 NewCfg evaluation-order tests pass; all
11 shared-CFG consistency queries report 0 violations on CPython.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Five of the six per-newtype-branch wrapper classes had a natural
public class corresponding to that branch:
TStmtAstNode -> Stmt (TStmt subset; BlockStmt overrides for TBlockStmt)
TExprAstNode -> Expr (TExpr subset; BoolExprPair overrides for TBoolExprPair)
TScopeAstNode -> Callable (= TScope exactly)
TPatternAstNode -> Pattern (= TPattern exactly)
TBlockStmtAstNode -> BlockStmt (= TBlockStmt exactly)
Move toString/getLocation/getEnclosingCallable onto these classes and
delete the wrappers.
The sixth wrapper (TBoolExprPair) has no exact public counterpart -
BinaryExpr is broader, including TExpr-branch BoolExprs - so it
remains as a small private class, renamed BoolExprPair.
No behaviour change: all 24 NewCfg evaluation-order tests pass; all
11 shared-CFG consistency queries report 0 violations on CPython.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Replace the three big disjunctive predicates on AstNode with empty
defaults plus per-newtype-branch override classes:
AstNode.toString() { none() }
AstNode.getLocation() { none() }
AstNode.getEnclosingCallable() { none() }
Six private subclasses (one per newtype branch — TStmt, TExpr,
TScope, TPattern, TBoolExprPair, TBlockStmt) override these with
the branch-specific implementation. This mirrors the per-class
dispatch already used for getChild.
No behaviour change: all 24 NewCfg evaluation-order tests pass and
all 11 shared-CFG consistency queries still report 0 violations on
CPython.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Main added two new requirements to AstSig:
- A 'Parameter' class with a 'getDefaultValue()' method, plus a
'callableGetParameter(Callable, int)' predicate.
- A 'CallableContext' class in InputSig1, replacing the previous
'CallableBodyPartContext'.
Add stub implementations: 'Parameter' is empty (none()) and
'callableGetParameter' returns nothing, mirroring Java's TODO. Rename
'CallableBodyPartContext = Void' to 'CallableContext = Void' in the
Python Input module.
NewCfg evaluation-order tests still pass at the 22/24 baseline; all
11 shared-CFG consistency queries still report 0 violations on
CPython.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Replace the single ~240-line top-level getChild predicate with one
override per AST class. AstNode declares a default
AstNode getChild(int index) { none() }
and each subclass with children overrides it (41 classes total).
The top-level predicate becomes a one-line dispatch:
AstNode getChild(AstNode n, int index) { result = n.getChild(index) }
No behavioral change: NewCfg evaluation-order tests still pass at the
same 22/24 baseline, and all 11 shared-CFG consistency queries still
report 0 violations on CPython.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
The shared CFG library propagates abrupt completions from child to
parent via getChild(parent, _) = child. Python's try.getElse() was
wired into normal step rules but not listed in getChild(TryStmt, ...),
so return/break/continue/raise statements occurring inside a try-else
block had no parent path and ended up as dead-end CFG nodes.
Add the else block at index -2 (alongside finally at -1). This affects
only completion propagation; the normal-flow CFG is unchanged because
TryStmt has explicit step rules.
Verified on a CPython database: all 11 shared-CFG consistency queries
now pass with 0 violations (deadEnd: 244 -> 0).
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Add two default predicates to AstSig:
default AstNode getWhileElse(WhileStmt loop) { none() }
default AstNode getForeachElse(ForeachStmt loop) { none() }
When defined, the explicit-step rules for While/Do and Foreach
route the loop's normal-completion exits through the else block
before reaching the after-loop node:
- WhileStmt: after-false condition -> before-else -> after-while
(instead of directly after-while).
- ForeachStmt: after-collection [empty] and the LoopHeader exit
are both routed through before-else -> after-foreach.
Python's Ast module overrides the predicates to return the
synthetic BlockStmt for the orelse slot, replacing the previous
customisations in Input::step. This eliminates parallel direct
successors emitted by the previous Python-side step additions
(verified: multipleSuccessors on a CPython database goes from
1340 to 0).
Java and C# CFG tests are unaffected.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
`Args.getDefault(int)` and `Args.getKwDefault(int)` are indexed by
argument position (with gaps for args without defaults), not by
default position. The CFG `getChild` predicate for FunctionDefExpr
and LambdaExpr therefore had gaps at low indices and collisions
where defaults and kwdefaults overlapped, producing parallel
edges before the FunctionExpr.
Use `rank` to compact-renumber `getDefault(n)` and `getKwDefault(n)`
in source order. Verified on a CPython database: removes ~536
`multipleSuccessors` consistency results (1340 -> 804); the rest are
`for/else` and `while/else`.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Merge the previous `Ast` and `AstSigImpl` modules into a single
`module Ast implements AstSig<Py::Location>`. Classes now use the
signature names (IfStmt, WhileStmt, ForeachStmt, etc.) and signature
predicates (getCondition, getThen, getElse, etc.) directly, with no
intermediate renaming layer.
Drop the TStmtListNode newtype branch entirely. Replace it with a
synthetic TBlockStmt(parent, slot) keyed by a parent AST node and a
slot label string ('body', 'orelse', 'finally'). Py::StmtList no
longer appears in the newtype; the BlockStmt class provides indexed
access to the underlying body items via getStmt(n).
All 22 of 24 evaluation-order tests still pass; the same 2
comprehension-related failures predate this refactor.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
