Previously, we didn't track string literals as known memory locations at all, so they all just got marked as `UnknownMemoryLocation`, just like an aribtrary read from a random pointer. This led to some confusing def-use chains, where it would look like the contents of a string literal were being written to by the side effect of an earlier function call, which of course is impossible.
To fix this, I've made two changes. First, each string literal is now given a corresponding `IRVariable` (specifically `IRStringLiteral`), since a string literal behaves more or less as a read-only global variable. Second, the `IRVariable` for each string literal is now marked `isReadOnly()`, which the alias analysis uses to determine that an arbitrary write to aliased memory will not overwrite the contents of a string literal.
I originally planned to treat all string literals with the same value as being the same memory location, since this is the usual behavior of modern compilers. However, this made implementing `IRVariable.getAST()` tricky for string literals, so I left them unpooled.
This is just good enough to cause no performance regressions and pass
the virtual-dispatch tests we have for `security.TaintTracking`. In
particular, it fixes the tests for `UncontrolledProcessOperation.ql`
when enabling `DefaultTaintTracking.qll`.
Note that Declaration::getTemplateArgumentType() and
Declaration::getTemplateArgumentValue() need to be public so that they
can be overriden in derived classes.
The `AliasedUse` instruction is supposed to represent future uses of aliased memory after the function returns. Since local variables from that function are no longer allocated after the function returns, the `AliasedUse` instruction should access only the set of aliased locations that does not include locals from the current stack frame.
This new instruction is the dual of the existing `AliasedDefinition` instruction. Whereas that instruction defines the contents of aliased memory before the function was called, `AliasedUse` represents the potential use of all aliased memory after the function returns. This ensures that writes to aliased memory do not appear "dead", even if there are no further reads from aliased memory within the function itself.
Expressions like the `e` in `e;` or `e, e2`, whose result is immediately
discarded, should not get a synthetic `CopyValue`. This removes a lot of
redundancy from the IR.
To prevent these expressions from being confused with the expressions
from which they get their result, the predicate
`getInstructionConvertedResultExpression` now suppresses results for
expressions that don't produce their own result. This should fix the
mapping between expressions and IR data-flow nodes.
