Merge pull request #5435 from haby0/DynamicallyLoadedClasses

Java: CWE-470 Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
This commit is contained in:
Chris Smowton
2021-08-02 16:04:30 +01:00
committed by GitHub
11 changed files with 529 additions and 2 deletions

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@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
@Controller
public class UnsafeReflection {
@RequestMapping(value = {"/service/{beanIdOrClassName}/{methodName}"}, method = {RequestMethod.POST}, consumes = {"application/json"}, produces = {"application/json"})
public Object bad1(@PathVariable("beanIdOrClassName") String beanIdOrClassName, @PathVariable("methodName") String methodName, @RequestBody Map<String, Object> body) throws Exception {
List<Object> rawData = null;
try {
rawData = (List<Object>)body.get("methodInput");
} catch (Exception e) {
return e;
}
return invokeService(beanIdOrClassName, methodName, null, rawData);
}
@GetMapping(value = "uf1")
public void good1(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
HashSet<String> hashSet = new HashSet<>();
hashSet.add("com.example.test1");
hashSet.add("com.example.test2");
String className = request.getParameter("className");
String parameterValue = request.getParameter("parameterValue");
if (!hashSet.contains(className)){
throw new Exception("Class not valid: " + className);
}
try {
Class clazz = Class.forName(className);
Object object = clazz.getDeclaredConstructors()[0].newInstance(parameterValue); //good
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@GetMapping(value = "uf2")
public void good2(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
String className = request.getParameter("className");
String parameterValue = request.getParameter("parameterValue");
if (!"com.example.test1".equals(className)){
throw new Exception("Class not valid: " + className);
}
try {
Class clazz = Class.forName(className);
Object object = clazz.getDeclaredConstructors()[0].newInstance(parameterValue); //good
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private Object invokeService(String beanIdOrClassName, String methodName, MultipartFile[] files, List<Object> data) throws Exception {
BeanFactory beanFactory = new BeanFactory();
try {
Object bean = null;
Class<?> beanClass = Class.forName(beanIdOrClassName);
bean = beanFactory.getBean(beanClass);
byte b;
int i;
Method[] arrayOfMethod;
for (i = (arrayOfMethod = bean.getClass().getMethods()).length, b = 0; b < i; ) {
Method method = arrayOfMethod[b];
if (!method.getName().equals(methodName)) {
b++;
continue;
}
Object result = method.invoke(bean, data);
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
return map;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
return e;
}
return null;
}
}
class BeanFactory {
private static HashMap<String, Object> classNameMap = new HashMap<>();
private static HashMap<Class<?>, Object> classMap = new HashMap<>();
static {
classNameMap.put("xxxx", Runtime.getRuntime());
classMap.put(Runtime.class, Runtime.getRuntime());
}
public Object getBean(Class<?> clzz) {
return classMap.get(clzz);
}
}

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<!DOCTYPE qhelp PUBLIC "-//Semmle//qhelp//EN" "qhelp.dtd">
<qhelp>
<overview>
<p>
Allowing users to freely choose the name of a class to instantiate could provide means to attack a vulnerable appplication.
</p>
</overview>
<recommendation>
<p>
Create a list of classes that are allowed to load reflectively and strictly verify the input to ensure that
users can only instantiate classes or execute methods that ought to be allowed.
</p>
</recommendation>
<example>
<p>
The <code>bad</code> method shown below illustrate class loading with <code>Class.forName</code> without any check on the particular class being instantiated.
The <code>good</code> methods illustrate some different ways to restrict which classes can be instantiated.
</p>
<sample src="UnsafeReflection.java" />
</example>
<references>
<li>
Unsafe use of Reflection | OWASP:
<a href="https://owasp.org/www-community/vulnerabilities/Unsafe_use_of_Reflection">Unsafe use of Reflection</a>.
</li>
<li>
Java owasp: Classes should not be loaded dynamically:
<a href="https://rules.sonarsource.com/java/tag/owasp/RSPEC-2658">Classes should not be loaded dynamically</a>.
</li>
</references>
</qhelp>

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@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
/**
* @name Use of externally-controlled input to select classes or code ('unsafe reflection')
* @description Use external input with reflection function to select the class or code to
* be used, which brings serious security risks.
* @kind path-problem
* @problem.severity error
* @precision high
* @id java/unsafe-reflection
* @tags security
* external/cwe/cwe-470
*/
import java
import DataFlow
import UnsafeReflectionLib
import semmle.code.java.dataflow.DataFlow
import semmle.code.java.dataflow.FlowSources
import DataFlow::PathGraph
private class ContainsSanitizer extends DataFlow::BarrierGuard {
ContainsSanitizer() { this.(MethodAccess).getMethod().hasName("contains") }
override predicate checks(Expr e, boolean branch) {
e = this.(MethodAccess).getArgument(0) and branch = true
}
}
private class EqualsSanitizer extends DataFlow::BarrierGuard {
EqualsSanitizer() { this.(MethodAccess).getMethod().hasName("equals") }
override predicate checks(Expr e, boolean branch) {
e = [this.(MethodAccess).getArgument(0), this.(MethodAccess).getQualifier()] and
branch = true
}
}
class UnsafeReflectionConfig extends TaintTracking::Configuration {
UnsafeReflectionConfig() { this = "UnsafeReflectionConfig" }
override predicate isSource(DataFlow::Node source) { source instanceof RemoteFlowSource }
override predicate isSink(DataFlow::Node sink) { sink instanceof UnsafeReflectionSink }
override predicate isAdditionalTaintStep(DataFlow::Node pred, DataFlow::Node succ) {
// Argument -> return of Class.forName, ClassLoader.loadClass
exists(ReflectiveClassIdentifierMethodAccess rcimac |
rcimac.getArgument(0) = pred.asExpr() and rcimac = succ.asExpr()
)
or
// Qualifier -> return of Class.getDeclaredConstructors/Methods and similar
exists(MethodAccess ma |
(
ma instanceof ReflectiveConstructorsAccess or
ma instanceof ReflectiveMethodsAccess
) and
ma.getQualifier() = pred.asExpr() and
ma = succ.asExpr()
)
or
// Qualifier -> return of Object.getClass
exists(MethodAccess ma |
ma.getMethod().hasName("getClass") and
ma.getMethod().getDeclaringType().hasQualifiedName("java.lang", "Object") and
ma.getQualifier() = pred.asExpr() and
ma = succ.asExpr()
)
or
// Argument -> return of methods that look like Class.forName
looksLikeResolveClassStep(pred, succ)
or
// Argument -> return of methods that look like `Object getInstance(Class c)`
looksLikeInstantiateClassStep(pred, succ)
or
// Qualifier -> return of Constructor.newInstance, Class.newInstance
exists(NewInstance ni |
ni.getQualifier() = pred.asExpr() and
ni = succ.asExpr()
)
}
override predicate isSanitizerGuard(DataFlow::BarrierGuard guard) {
guard instanceof ContainsSanitizer or guard instanceof EqualsSanitizer
}
}
private Expr getAMethodArgument(MethodAccess reflectiveCall) {
result = reflectiveCall.(NewInstance).getAnArgument()
or
result = reflectiveCall.(MethodInvokeCall).getAnArgument()
}
from
DataFlow::PathNode source, DataFlow::PathNode sink, UnsafeReflectionConfig conf,
MethodAccess reflectiveCall
where
conf.hasFlowPath(source, sink) and
sink.getNode().asExpr() = reflectiveCall.getQualifier() and
conf.hasFlowToExpr(getAMethodArgument(reflectiveCall))
select sink.getNode(), source, sink, "Unsafe reflection of $@.", source.getNode(), "user input"

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import java
import DataFlow
import semmle.code.java.Reflection
import semmle.code.java.dataflow.FlowSources
/**
* A call to `java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke`.
*/
class MethodInvokeCall extends MethodAccess {
MethodInvokeCall() { this.getMethod().hasQualifiedName("java.lang.reflect", "Method", "invoke") }
}
/**
* Unsafe reflection sink (the qualifier or method arguments to `Constructor.newInstance(...)` or `Method.invoke(...)`)
*/
class UnsafeReflectionSink extends DataFlow::ExprNode {
UnsafeReflectionSink() {
exists(MethodAccess ma |
(
ma.getMethod().hasQualifiedName("java.lang.reflect", "Constructor<>", "newInstance") or
ma instanceof MethodInvokeCall
) and
this.asExpr() = [ma.getQualifier(), ma.getAnArgument()]
)
}
}
/**
* Holds if `fromNode` to `toNode` is a dataflow step that looks like resolving a class.
* A method probably resolves a class if it takes a string, returns a Class
* and its name contains "resolve", "load", etc.
*/
predicate looksLikeResolveClassStep(DataFlow::Node fromNode, DataFlow::Node toNode) {
exists(MethodAccess ma, Method m, int i, Expr arg |
m = ma.getMethod() and arg = ma.getArgument(i)
|
m.getReturnType() instanceof TypeClass and
m.getName().toLowerCase().regexpMatch("resolve|load|class|type") and
arg.getType() instanceof TypeString and
arg = fromNode.asExpr() and
ma = toNode.asExpr()
)
}
/**
* Holds if `fromNode` to `toNode` is a dataflow step that looks like instantiating a class.
* A method probably instantiates a class if it is external, takes a Class, returns an Object
* and its name contains "instantiate" or similar terms.
*/
predicate looksLikeInstantiateClassStep(DataFlow::Node fromNode, DataFlow::Node toNode) {
exists(MethodAccess ma, Method m, int i, Expr arg |
m = ma.getMethod() and arg = ma.getArgument(i)
|
m.getReturnType() instanceof TypeObject and
m.getName().toLowerCase().regexpMatch("instantiate|instance|create|make|getbean") and
arg.getType() instanceof TypeClass and
arg = fromNode.asExpr() and
ma = toNode.asExpr()
)
}

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@@ -47,6 +47,9 @@ private XMLElement elementReferencingType(RefType rt) {
}
abstract private class ReflectiveClassIdentifier extends Expr {
/**
* Gets the type of a class identified by this expression.
*/
abstract RefType getReflectivelyIdentifiedClass();
}
@@ -59,7 +62,7 @@ private class ReflectiveClassIdentifierLiteral extends ReflectiveClassIdentifier
/**
* A call to a Java standard library method which constructs or returns a `Class<T>` from a `String`.
*/
library class ReflectiveClassIdentifierMethodAccess extends ReflectiveClassIdentifier, MethodAccess {
class ReflectiveClassIdentifierMethodAccess extends ReflectiveClassIdentifier, MethodAccess {
ReflectiveClassIdentifierMethodAccess() {
// A call to `Class.forName(...)`, from which we can infer `T` in the returned type `Class<T>`.
getCallee().getDeclaringType() instanceof TypeClass and getCallee().hasName("forName")
@@ -314,6 +317,26 @@ class ClassMethodAccess extends MethodAccess {
}
}
/**
* A call to `Class.getConstructors(..)` or `Class.getDeclaredConstructors(..)`.
*/
class ReflectiveConstructorsAccess extends ClassMethodAccess {
ReflectiveConstructorsAccess() {
this.getCallee().hasName("getConstructors") or
this.getCallee().hasName("getDeclaredConstructors")
}
}
/**
* A call to `Class.getMethods(..)` or `Class.getDeclaredMethods(..)`.
*/
class ReflectiveMethodsAccess extends ClassMethodAccess {
ReflectiveMethodsAccess() {
this.getCallee().hasName("getMethods") or
this.getCallee().hasName("getDeclaredMethods")
}
}
/**
* A call to `Class.getMethod(..)` or `Class.getDeclaredMethod(..)`.
*/

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@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
edges
| UnsafeReflection.java:21:28:21:60 | getParameter(...) : String | UnsafeReflection.java:25:29:25:59 | getDeclaredConstructors(...) : Constructor[] |
| UnsafeReflection.java:21:28:21:60 | getParameter(...) : String | UnsafeReflection.java:25:29:25:62 | ...[...] |
| UnsafeReflection.java:22:33:22:70 | getParameter(...) : String | UnsafeReflection.java:25:76:25:89 | parameterValue |
| UnsafeReflection.java:25:29:25:59 | getDeclaredConstructors(...) : Constructor[] | UnsafeReflection.java:25:29:25:62 | ...[...] |
| UnsafeReflection.java:33:28:33:60 | getParameter(...) : String | UnsafeReflection.java:39:13:39:38 | getDeclaredMethods(...) : Method[] |
| UnsafeReflection.java:33:28:33:60 | getParameter(...) : String | UnsafeReflection.java:39:13:39:41 | ...[...] |
| UnsafeReflection.java:33:28:33:60 | getParameter(...) : String | UnsafeReflection.java:39:50:39:55 | object |
| UnsafeReflection.java:34:33:34:70 | getParameter(...) : String | UnsafeReflection.java:39:58:39:71 | parameterValue |
| UnsafeReflection.java:39:13:39:38 | getDeclaredMethods(...) : Method[] | UnsafeReflection.java:39:13:39:41 | ...[...] |
| UnsafeReflection.java:46:24:46:82 | beanIdOrClassName : String | UnsafeReflection.java:53:30:53:46 | beanIdOrClassName : String |
| UnsafeReflection.java:46:132:46:168 | body : Map | UnsafeReflection.java:49:37:49:40 | body : Map |
| UnsafeReflection.java:49:23:49:59 | (...)... : Object | UnsafeReflection.java:53:67:53:73 | rawData : Object |
| UnsafeReflection.java:49:37:49:40 | body : Map | UnsafeReflection.java:49:37:49:59 | get(...) : Object |
| UnsafeReflection.java:49:37:49:59 | get(...) : Object | UnsafeReflection.java:49:23:49:59 | (...)... : Object |
| UnsafeReflection.java:53:30:53:46 | beanIdOrClassName : String | UnsafeReflection.java:104:34:104:57 | beanIdOrClassName : String |
| UnsafeReflection.java:53:67:53:73 | rawData : Object | UnsafeReflection.java:104:102:104:118 | data : Object |
| UnsafeReflection.java:62:33:62:70 | getParameter(...) : String | UnsafeReflection.java:68:76:68:89 | parameterValue |
| UnsafeReflection.java:77:33:77:70 | getParameter(...) : String | UnsafeReflection.java:83:76:83:89 | parameterValue |
| UnsafeReflection.java:92:33:92:70 | getParameter(...) : String | UnsafeReflection.java:98:76:98:89 | parameterValue |
| UnsafeReflection.java:104:34:104:57 | beanIdOrClassName : String | UnsafeReflection.java:119:21:119:26 | method |
| UnsafeReflection.java:104:34:104:57 | beanIdOrClassName : String | UnsafeReflection.java:119:35:119:38 | bean |
| UnsafeReflection.java:104:102:104:118 | data : Object | UnsafeReflection.java:119:41:119:44 | data |
nodes
| UnsafeReflection.java:21:28:21:60 | getParameter(...) : String | semmle.label | getParameter(...) : String |
| UnsafeReflection.java:22:33:22:70 | getParameter(...) : String | semmle.label | getParameter(...) : String |
| UnsafeReflection.java:25:29:25:59 | getDeclaredConstructors(...) : Constructor[] | semmle.label | getDeclaredConstructors(...) : Constructor[] |
| UnsafeReflection.java:25:29:25:62 | ...[...] | semmle.label | ...[...] |
| UnsafeReflection.java:25:76:25:89 | parameterValue | semmle.label | parameterValue |
| UnsafeReflection.java:33:28:33:60 | getParameter(...) : String | semmle.label | getParameter(...) : String |
| UnsafeReflection.java:34:33:34:70 | getParameter(...) : String | semmle.label | getParameter(...) : String |
| UnsafeReflection.java:39:13:39:38 | getDeclaredMethods(...) : Method[] | semmle.label | getDeclaredMethods(...) : Method[] |
| UnsafeReflection.java:39:13:39:41 | ...[...] | semmle.label | ...[...] |
| UnsafeReflection.java:39:50:39:55 | object | semmle.label | object |
| UnsafeReflection.java:39:58:39:71 | parameterValue | semmle.label | parameterValue |
| UnsafeReflection.java:46:24:46:82 | beanIdOrClassName : String | semmle.label | beanIdOrClassName : String |
| UnsafeReflection.java:46:132:46:168 | body : Map | semmle.label | body : Map |
| UnsafeReflection.java:49:23:49:59 | (...)... : Object | semmle.label | (...)... : Object |
| UnsafeReflection.java:49:37:49:40 | body : Map | semmle.label | body : Map |
| UnsafeReflection.java:49:37:49:59 | get(...) : Object | semmle.label | get(...) : Object |
| UnsafeReflection.java:53:30:53:46 | beanIdOrClassName : String | semmle.label | beanIdOrClassName : String |
| UnsafeReflection.java:53:67:53:73 | rawData : Object | semmle.label | rawData : Object |
| UnsafeReflection.java:62:33:62:70 | getParameter(...) : String | semmle.label | getParameter(...) : String |
| UnsafeReflection.java:68:76:68:89 | parameterValue | semmle.label | parameterValue |
| UnsafeReflection.java:77:33:77:70 | getParameter(...) : String | semmle.label | getParameter(...) : String |
| UnsafeReflection.java:83:76:83:89 | parameterValue | semmle.label | parameterValue |
| UnsafeReflection.java:92:33:92:70 | getParameter(...) : String | semmle.label | getParameter(...) : String |
| UnsafeReflection.java:98:76:98:89 | parameterValue | semmle.label | parameterValue |
| UnsafeReflection.java:104:34:104:57 | beanIdOrClassName : String | semmle.label | beanIdOrClassName : String |
| UnsafeReflection.java:104:102:104:118 | data : Object | semmle.label | data : Object |
| UnsafeReflection.java:119:21:119:26 | method | semmle.label | method |
| UnsafeReflection.java:119:35:119:38 | bean | semmle.label | bean |
| UnsafeReflection.java:119:41:119:44 | data | semmle.label | data |
#select
| UnsafeReflection.java:25:29:25:62 | ...[...] | UnsafeReflection.java:21:28:21:60 | getParameter(...) : String | UnsafeReflection.java:25:29:25:62 | ...[...] | Unsafe reflection of $@. | UnsafeReflection.java:21:28:21:60 | getParameter(...) | user input |
| UnsafeReflection.java:39:13:39:41 | ...[...] | UnsafeReflection.java:33:28:33:60 | getParameter(...) : String | UnsafeReflection.java:39:13:39:41 | ...[...] | Unsafe reflection of $@. | UnsafeReflection.java:33:28:33:60 | getParameter(...) | user input |
| UnsafeReflection.java:119:21:119:26 | method | UnsafeReflection.java:46:24:46:82 | beanIdOrClassName : String | UnsafeReflection.java:119:21:119:26 | method | Unsafe reflection of $@. | UnsafeReflection.java:46:24:46:82 | beanIdOrClassName | user input |

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@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
@Controller
public class UnsafeReflection {
@GetMapping(value = "uf1")
public void bad1(HttpServletRequest request) {
String className = request.getParameter("className");
String parameterValue = request.getParameter("parameterValue");
try {
Class clazz = Class.forName(className);
Object object = clazz.getDeclaredConstructors()[0].newInstance(parameterValue); //bad
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@GetMapping(value = "uf2")
public void bad2(HttpServletRequest request) {
String className = request.getParameter("className");
String parameterValue = request.getParameter("parameterValue");
try {
ClassLoader classLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
Class clazz = classLoader.loadClass(className);
Object object = clazz.newInstance();
clazz.getDeclaredMethods()[0].invoke(object, parameterValue); //bad
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@RequestMapping(value = {"/service/{beanIdOrClassName}/{methodName}"}, method = {RequestMethod.POST}, consumes = {"application/json"}, produces = {"application/json"})
public Object bad3(@PathVariable("beanIdOrClassName") String beanIdOrClassName, @PathVariable("methodName") String methodName, @RequestBody Map<String, Object> body) throws Exception {
List<Object> rawData = null;
try {
rawData = (List<Object>)body.get("methodInput");
} catch (Exception e) {
return e;
}
return invokeService(beanIdOrClassName, methodName, null, rawData);
}
@GetMapping(value = "uf3")
public void good1(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
HashSet<String> hashSet = new HashSet<>();
hashSet.add("com.example.test1");
hashSet.add("com.example.test2");
String className = request.getParameter("className");
String parameterValue = request.getParameter("parameterValue");
if (!hashSet.contains(className)){
throw new Exception("Class not valid: " + className);
}
try {
Class clazz = Class.forName(className);
Object object = clazz.getDeclaredConstructors()[0].newInstance(parameterValue); //good
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@GetMapping(value = "uf4")
public void good2(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
String className = request.getParameter("className");
String parameterValue = request.getParameter("parameterValue");
if (!"com.example.test1".equals(className)){
throw new Exception("Class not valid: " + className);
}
try {
Class clazz = Class.forName(className);
Object object = clazz.getDeclaredConstructors()[0].newInstance(parameterValue); //good
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@GetMapping(value = "uf5")
public void good3(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
String className = request.getParameter("className");
String parameterValue = request.getParameter("parameterValue");
if (!className.equals("com.example.test1")){ //good
throw new Exception("Class not valid: " + className);
}
try {
Class clazz = Class.forName(className);
Object object = clazz.getDeclaredConstructors()[0].newInstance(parameterValue); //good
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private Object invokeService(String beanIdOrClassName, String methodName, MultipartFile[] files, List<Object> data) throws Exception {
BeanFactory beanFactory = new BeanFactory();
try {
Object bean = null;
Class<?> beanClass = Class.forName(beanIdOrClassName);
bean = beanFactory.getBean(beanClass);
byte b;
int i;
Method[] arrayOfMethod;
for (i = (arrayOfMethod = bean.getClass().getMethods()).length, b = 0; b < i; ) {
Method method = arrayOfMethod[b];
if (!method.getName().equals(methodName)) {
b++;
continue;
}
Object result = method.invoke(bean, data);
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
return map;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
return e;
}
return null;
}
}
class BeanFactory {
private static HashMap<String, Object> classNameMap = new HashMap<>();
private static HashMap<Class<?>, Object> classMap = new HashMap<>();
static {
classNameMap.put("xxxx", Runtime.getRuntime());
classMap.put(Runtime.class, Runtime.getRuntime());
}
public Object getBean(Class<?> clzz) {
return classMap.get(clzz);
}
}

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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
experimental/Security/CWE/CWE-470/UnsafeReflection.ql

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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
//semmle-extractor-options: --javac-args -cp ${testdir}/../../../../stubs/servlet-api-2.4:${testdir}/../../../../stubs/springframework-5.3.8/

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@@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Retention(value=RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Indexed
public @interface Component { }
public @interface Component { }

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@@ -11,4 +11,5 @@ import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Documented
public @interface PathVariable {
String value() default "";
}