Merge pull request #12124 from hvitved/dataflow/stage1-dispatch

Data flow: Call context virtual dispatch pruning in stage 1

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/dataflow/internal/DataFlowImpl.qll

@@ -667,23 +667,78 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
     )
     or
     // flow into a callable
-    exists(NodeEx arg |
-      fwdFlow(arg, _, config) and
-      viableParamArgEx(_, node, arg) and
-      cc = true and
-      not fullBarrier(node, config)
-    )
+    fwdFlowIn(_, _, _, node, config) and
+    cc = true
     or
     // flow out of a callable
+    fwdFlowOut(_, node, false, config) and
+    cc = false
+    or
+    // flow through a callable
     exists(DataFlowCall call |
-      fwdFlowOut(call, node, false, config) and
-      cc = false
-      or
       fwdFlowOutFromArg(call, node, config) and
       fwdFlowIsEntered(call, cc, config)
     )
   }
 
+  // inline to reduce the number of iterations
+  pragma[inline]
+  private predicate fwdFlowIn(
+    DataFlowCall call, NodeEx arg, Cc cc, ParamNodeEx p, Configuration config
+  ) {
+    // call context cannot help reduce virtual dispatch
+    fwdFlow(arg, cc, config) and
+    viableParamArgEx(call, p, arg) and
+    not fullBarrier(p, config) and
+    (
+      cc = false
+      or
+      cc = true and
+      not reducedViableImplInCallContext(call, _, _)
+    )
+    or
+    // call context may help reduce virtual dispatch
+    exists(DataFlowCallable target |
+      fwdFlowInReducedViableImplInSomeCallContext(call, arg, p, target, config) and
+      target = viableImplInSomeFwdFlowCallContextExt(call, config) and
+      cc = true
+    )
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Holds if an argument to `call` is reached in the flow covered by `fwdFlow`.
+   */
+  pragma[nomagic]
+  private predicate fwdFlowIsEntered(DataFlowCall call, Cc cc, Configuration config) {
+    fwdFlowIn(call, _, cc, _, config)
+  }
+
+  pragma[nomagic]
+  private predicate fwdFlowInReducedViableImplInSomeCallContext(
+    DataFlowCall call, NodeEx arg, ParamNodeEx p, DataFlowCallable target, Configuration config
+  ) {
+    fwdFlow(arg, true, config) and
+    viableParamArgEx(call, p, arg) and
+    reducedViableImplInCallContext(call, _, _) and
+    target = p.getEnclosingCallable() and
+    not fullBarrier(p, config)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets a viable dispatch target of `call` in the context `ctx`. This is
+   * restricted to those `call`s for which a context might make a difference,
+   * and to `ctx`s that are reachable in `fwdFlow`.
+   */
+  pragma[nomagic]
+  private DataFlowCallable viableImplInSomeFwdFlowCallContextExt(
+    DataFlowCall call, Configuration config
+  ) {
+    exists(DataFlowCall ctx |
+      fwdFlowIsEntered(ctx, _, config) and
+      result = viableImplInCallContextExt(call, ctx)
+    )
+  }
+
   private predicate fwdFlow(NodeEx node, Configuration config) { fwdFlow(node, _, config) }
 
   pragma[nomagic]
@@ -726,7 +781,8 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
     )
   }
 
-  pragma[nomagic]
+  // inline to reduce the number of iterations
+  pragma[inline]
   private predicate fwdFlowOut(DataFlowCall call, NodeEx out, Cc cc, Configuration config) {
     exists(ReturnPosition pos |
       fwdFlowReturnPosition(pos, cc, config) and
@@ -740,17 +796,6 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
     fwdFlowOut(call, out, true, config)
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Holds if an argument to `call` is reached in the flow covered by `fwdFlow`.
-   */
-  pragma[nomagic]
-  private predicate fwdFlowIsEntered(DataFlowCall call, Cc cc, Configuration config) {
-    exists(ArgNodeEx arg |
-      fwdFlow(arg, cc, config) and
-      viableParamArgEx(call, _, arg)
-    )
-  }
-
   private predicate stateStepFwd(FlowState state1, FlowState state2, Configuration config) {
     exists(NodeEx node1 |
       additionalLocalStateStep(node1, state1, _, state2, config) or
@@ -817,13 +862,8 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
     )
     or
     // flow into a callable
-    exists(DataFlowCall call |
-      revFlowIn(call, node, false, config) and
-      toReturn = false
-      or
-      revFlowInToReturn(call, node, config) and
-      revFlowIsReturned(call, toReturn, config)
-    )
+    revFlowIn(_, node, false, config) and
+    toReturn = false
     or
     // flow out of a callable
     exists(ReturnPosition pos |
@@ -831,6 +871,12 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
       node.(RetNodeEx).getReturnPosition() = pos and
       toReturn = true
     )
+    or
+    // flow through a callable
+    exists(DataFlowCall call |
+      revFlowInToReturn(call, node, config) and
+      revFlowIsReturned(call, toReturn, config)
+    )
   }
 
   /**
@@ -886,11 +932,11 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
   additional predicate viableParamArgNodeCandFwd1(
     DataFlowCall call, ParamNodeEx p, ArgNodeEx arg, Configuration config
   ) {
-    viableParamArgEx(call, p, arg) and
-    fwdFlow(arg, config)
+    fwdFlowIn(call, arg, _, p, config)
   }
 
-  pragma[nomagic]
+  // inline to reduce the number of iterations
+  pragma[inline]
   private predicate revFlowIn(
     DataFlowCall call, ArgNodeEx arg, boolean toReturn, Configuration config
   ) {

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/dataflow/internal/DataFlowImpl2.qll

@@ -667,23 +667,78 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
     )
     or
     // flow into a callable
-    exists(NodeEx arg |
-      fwdFlow(arg, _, config) and
-      viableParamArgEx(_, node, arg) and
-      cc = true and
-      not fullBarrier(node, config)
-    )
+    fwdFlowIn(_, _, _, node, config) and
+    cc = true
     or
     // flow out of a callable
+    fwdFlowOut(_, node, false, config) and
+    cc = false
+    or
+    // flow through a callable
     exists(DataFlowCall call |
-      fwdFlowOut(call, node, false, config) and
-      cc = false
-      or
       fwdFlowOutFromArg(call, node, config) and
       fwdFlowIsEntered(call, cc, config)
     )
   }
 
+  // inline to reduce the number of iterations
+  pragma[inline]
+  private predicate fwdFlowIn(
+    DataFlowCall call, NodeEx arg, Cc cc, ParamNodeEx p, Configuration config
+  ) {
+    // call context cannot help reduce virtual dispatch
+    fwdFlow(arg, cc, config) and
+    viableParamArgEx(call, p, arg) and
+    not fullBarrier(p, config) and
+    (
+      cc = false
+      or
+      cc = true and
+      not reducedViableImplInCallContext(call, _, _)
+    )
+    or
+    // call context may help reduce virtual dispatch
+    exists(DataFlowCallable target |
+      fwdFlowInReducedViableImplInSomeCallContext(call, arg, p, target, config) and
+      target = viableImplInSomeFwdFlowCallContextExt(call, config) and
+      cc = true
+    )
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Holds if an argument to `call` is reached in the flow covered by `fwdFlow`.
+   */
+  pragma[nomagic]
+  private predicate fwdFlowIsEntered(DataFlowCall call, Cc cc, Configuration config) {
+    fwdFlowIn(call, _, cc, _, config)
+  }
+
+  pragma[nomagic]
+  private predicate fwdFlowInReducedViableImplInSomeCallContext(
+    DataFlowCall call, NodeEx arg, ParamNodeEx p, DataFlowCallable target, Configuration config
+  ) {
+    fwdFlow(arg, true, config) and
+    viableParamArgEx(call, p, arg) and
+    reducedViableImplInCallContext(call, _, _) and
+    target = p.getEnclosingCallable() and
+    not fullBarrier(p, config)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets a viable dispatch target of `call` in the context `ctx`. This is
+   * restricted to those `call`s for which a context might make a difference,
+   * and to `ctx`s that are reachable in `fwdFlow`.
+   */
+  pragma[nomagic]
+  private DataFlowCallable viableImplInSomeFwdFlowCallContextExt(
+    DataFlowCall call, Configuration config
+  ) {
+    exists(DataFlowCall ctx |
+      fwdFlowIsEntered(ctx, _, config) and
+      result = viableImplInCallContextExt(call, ctx)
+    )
+  }
+
   private predicate fwdFlow(NodeEx node, Configuration config) { fwdFlow(node, _, config) }
 
   pragma[nomagic]
@@ -726,7 +781,8 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
     )
   }
 
-  pragma[nomagic]
+  // inline to reduce the number of iterations
+  pragma[inline]
   private predicate fwdFlowOut(DataFlowCall call, NodeEx out, Cc cc, Configuration config) {
     exists(ReturnPosition pos |
       fwdFlowReturnPosition(pos, cc, config) and
@@ -740,17 +796,6 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
     fwdFlowOut(call, out, true, config)
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Holds if an argument to `call` is reached in the flow covered by `fwdFlow`.
-   */
-  pragma[nomagic]
-  private predicate fwdFlowIsEntered(DataFlowCall call, Cc cc, Configuration config) {
-    exists(ArgNodeEx arg |
-      fwdFlow(arg, cc, config) and
-      viableParamArgEx(call, _, arg)
-    )
-  }
-
   private predicate stateStepFwd(FlowState state1, FlowState state2, Configuration config) {
     exists(NodeEx node1 |
       additionalLocalStateStep(node1, state1, _, state2, config) or
@@ -817,13 +862,8 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
     )
     or
     // flow into a callable
-    exists(DataFlowCall call |
-      revFlowIn(call, node, false, config) and
-      toReturn = false
-      or
-      revFlowInToReturn(call, node, config) and
-      revFlowIsReturned(call, toReturn, config)
-    )
+    revFlowIn(_, node, false, config) and
+    toReturn = false
     or
     // flow out of a callable
     exists(ReturnPosition pos |
@@ -831,6 +871,12 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
       node.(RetNodeEx).getReturnPosition() = pos and
       toReturn = true
     )
+    or
+    // flow through a callable
+    exists(DataFlowCall call |
+      revFlowInToReturn(call, node, config) and
+      revFlowIsReturned(call, toReturn, config)
+    )
   }
 
   /**
@@ -886,11 +932,11 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
   additional predicate viableParamArgNodeCandFwd1(
     DataFlowCall call, ParamNodeEx p, ArgNodeEx arg, Configuration config
   ) {
-    viableParamArgEx(call, p, arg) and
-    fwdFlow(arg, config)
+    fwdFlowIn(call, arg, _, p, config)
   }
 
-  pragma[nomagic]
+  // inline to reduce the number of iterations
+  pragma[inline]
   private predicate revFlowIn(
     DataFlowCall call, ArgNodeEx arg, boolean toReturn, Configuration config
   ) {

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/dataflow/internal/DataFlowImpl3.qll

@@ -667,23 +667,78 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
     )
     or
     // flow into a callable
-    exists(NodeEx arg |
-      fwdFlow(arg, _, config) and
-      viableParamArgEx(_, node, arg) and
-      cc = true and
-      not fullBarrier(node, config)
-    )
+    fwdFlowIn(_, _, _, node, config) and
+    cc = true
     or
     // flow out of a callable
+    fwdFlowOut(_, node, false, config) and
+    cc = false
+    or
+    // flow through a callable
     exists(DataFlowCall call |
-      fwdFlowOut(call, node, false, config) and
-      cc = false
-      or
       fwdFlowOutFromArg(call, node, config) and
       fwdFlowIsEntered(call, cc, config)
     )
   }
 
+  // inline to reduce the number of iterations
+  pragma[inline]
+  private predicate fwdFlowIn(
+    DataFlowCall call, NodeEx arg, Cc cc, ParamNodeEx p, Configuration config
+  ) {
+    // call context cannot help reduce virtual dispatch
+    fwdFlow(arg, cc, config) and
+    viableParamArgEx(call, p, arg) and
+    not fullBarrier(p, config) and
+    (
+      cc = false
+      or
+      cc = true and
+      not reducedViableImplInCallContext(call, _, _)
+    )
+    or
+    // call context may help reduce virtual dispatch
+    exists(DataFlowCallable target |
+      fwdFlowInReducedViableImplInSomeCallContext(call, arg, p, target, config) and
+      target = viableImplInSomeFwdFlowCallContextExt(call, config) and
+      cc = true
+    )
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Holds if an argument to `call` is reached in the flow covered by `fwdFlow`.
+   */
+  pragma[nomagic]
+  private predicate fwdFlowIsEntered(DataFlowCall call, Cc cc, Configuration config) {
+    fwdFlowIn(call, _, cc, _, config)
+  }
+
+  pragma[nomagic]
+  private predicate fwdFlowInReducedViableImplInSomeCallContext(
+    DataFlowCall call, NodeEx arg, ParamNodeEx p, DataFlowCallable target, Configuration config
+  ) {
+    fwdFlow(arg, true, config) and
+    viableParamArgEx(call, p, arg) and
+    reducedViableImplInCallContext(call, _, _) and
+    target = p.getEnclosingCallable() and
+    not fullBarrier(p, config)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets a viable dispatch target of `call` in the context `ctx`. This is
+   * restricted to those `call`s for which a context might make a difference,
+   * and to `ctx`s that are reachable in `fwdFlow`.
+   */
+  pragma[nomagic]
+  private DataFlowCallable viableImplInSomeFwdFlowCallContextExt(
+    DataFlowCall call, Configuration config
+  ) {
+    exists(DataFlowCall ctx |
+      fwdFlowIsEntered(ctx, _, config) and
+      result = viableImplInCallContextExt(call, ctx)
+    )
+  }
+
   private predicate fwdFlow(NodeEx node, Configuration config) { fwdFlow(node, _, config) }
 
   pragma[nomagic]
@@ -726,7 +781,8 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
     )
   }
 
-  pragma[nomagic]
+  // inline to reduce the number of iterations
+  pragma[inline]
   private predicate fwdFlowOut(DataFlowCall call, NodeEx out, Cc cc, Configuration config) {
     exists(ReturnPosition pos |
       fwdFlowReturnPosition(pos, cc, config) and
@@ -740,17 +796,6 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
     fwdFlowOut(call, out, true, config)
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Holds if an argument to `call` is reached in the flow covered by `fwdFlow`.
-   */
-  pragma[nomagic]
-  private predicate fwdFlowIsEntered(DataFlowCall call, Cc cc, Configuration config) {
-    exists(ArgNodeEx arg |
-      fwdFlow(arg, cc, config) and
-      viableParamArgEx(call, _, arg)
-    )
-  }
-
   private predicate stateStepFwd(FlowState state1, FlowState state2, Configuration config) {
     exists(NodeEx node1 |
       additionalLocalStateStep(node1, state1, _, state2, config) or
@@ -817,13 +862,8 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
     )
     or
     // flow into a callable
-    exists(DataFlowCall call |
-      revFlowIn(call, node, false, config) and
-      toReturn = false
-      or
-      revFlowInToReturn(call, node, config) and
-      revFlowIsReturned(call, toReturn, config)
-    )
+    revFlowIn(_, node, false, config) and
+    toReturn = false
     or
     // flow out of a callable
     exists(ReturnPosition pos |
@@ -831,6 +871,12 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
       node.(RetNodeEx).getReturnPosition() = pos and
       toReturn = true
     )
+    or
+    // flow through a callable
+    exists(DataFlowCall call |
+      revFlowInToReturn(call, node, config) and
+      revFlowIsReturned(call, toReturn, config)
+    )
   }
 
   /**
@@ -886,11 +932,11 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
   additional predicate viableParamArgNodeCandFwd1(
     DataFlowCall call, ParamNodeEx p, ArgNodeEx arg, Configuration config
   ) {
-    viableParamArgEx(call, p, arg) and
-    fwdFlow(arg, config)
+    fwdFlowIn(call, arg, _, p, config)
   }
 
-  pragma[nomagic]
+  // inline to reduce the number of iterations
+  pragma[inline]
   private predicate revFlowIn(
     DataFlowCall call, ArgNodeEx arg, boolean toReturn, Configuration config
   ) {

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/dataflow/internal/DataFlowImpl4.qll

@@ -667,23 +667,78 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
     )
     or
     // flow into a callable
-    exists(NodeEx arg |
-      fwdFlow(arg, _, config) and
-      viableParamArgEx(_, node, arg) and
-      cc = true and
-      not fullBarrier(node, config)
-    )
+    fwdFlowIn(_, _, _, node, config) and
+    cc = true
     or
     // flow out of a callable
+    fwdFlowOut(_, node, false, config) and
+    cc = false
+    or
+    // flow through a callable
     exists(DataFlowCall call |
-      fwdFlowOut(call, node, false, config) and
-      cc = false
-      or
       fwdFlowOutFromArg(call, node, config) and
       fwdFlowIsEntered(call, cc, config)
     )
   }
 
+  // inline to reduce the number of iterations
+  pragma[inline]
+  private predicate fwdFlowIn(
+    DataFlowCall call, NodeEx arg, Cc cc, ParamNodeEx p, Configuration config
+  ) {
+    // call context cannot help reduce virtual dispatch
+    fwdFlow(arg, cc, config) and
+    viableParamArgEx(call, p, arg) and
+    not fullBarrier(p, config) and
+    (
+      cc = false
+      or
+      cc = true and
+      not reducedViableImplInCallContext(call, _, _)
+    )
+    or
+    // call context may help reduce virtual dispatch
+    exists(DataFlowCallable target |
+      fwdFlowInReducedViableImplInSomeCallContext(call, arg, p, target, config) and
+      target = viableImplInSomeFwdFlowCallContextExt(call, config) and
+      cc = true
+    )
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Holds if an argument to `call` is reached in the flow covered by `fwdFlow`.
+   */
+  pragma[nomagic]
+  private predicate fwdFlowIsEntered(DataFlowCall call, Cc cc, Configuration config) {
+    fwdFlowIn(call, _, cc, _, config)
+  }
+
+  pragma[nomagic]
+  private predicate fwdFlowInReducedViableImplInSomeCallContext(
+    DataFlowCall call, NodeEx arg, ParamNodeEx p, DataFlowCallable target, Configuration config
+  ) {
+    fwdFlow(arg, true, config) and
+    viableParamArgEx(call, p, arg) and
+    reducedViableImplInCallContext(call, _, _) and
+    target = p.getEnclosingCallable() and
+    not fullBarrier(p, config)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets a viable dispatch target of `call` in the context `ctx`. This is
+   * restricted to those `call`s for which a context might make a difference,
+   * and to `ctx`s that are reachable in `fwdFlow`.
+   */
+  pragma[nomagic]
+  private DataFlowCallable viableImplInSomeFwdFlowCallContextExt(
+    DataFlowCall call, Configuration config
+  ) {
+    exists(DataFlowCall ctx |
+      fwdFlowIsEntered(ctx, _, config) and
+      result = viableImplInCallContextExt(call, ctx)
+    )
+  }
+
   private predicate fwdFlow(NodeEx node, Configuration config) { fwdFlow(node, _, config) }
 
   pragma[nomagic]
@@ -726,7 +781,8 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
     )
   }
 
-  pragma[nomagic]
+  // inline to reduce the number of iterations
+  pragma[inline]
   private predicate fwdFlowOut(DataFlowCall call, NodeEx out, Cc cc, Configuration config) {
     exists(ReturnPosition pos |
       fwdFlowReturnPosition(pos, cc, config) and
@@ -740,17 +796,6 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
     fwdFlowOut(call, out, true, config)
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Holds if an argument to `call` is reached in the flow covered by `fwdFlow`.
-   */
-  pragma[nomagic]
-  private predicate fwdFlowIsEntered(DataFlowCall call, Cc cc, Configuration config) {
-    exists(ArgNodeEx arg |
-      fwdFlow(arg, cc, config) and
-      viableParamArgEx(call, _, arg)
-    )
-  }
-
   private predicate stateStepFwd(FlowState state1, FlowState state2, Configuration config) {
     exists(NodeEx node1 |
       additionalLocalStateStep(node1, state1, _, state2, config) or
@@ -817,13 +862,8 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
     )
     or
     // flow into a callable
-    exists(DataFlowCall call |
-      revFlowIn(call, node, false, config) and
-      toReturn = false
-      or
-      revFlowInToReturn(call, node, config) and
-      revFlowIsReturned(call, toReturn, config)
-    )
+    revFlowIn(_, node, false, config) and
+    toReturn = false
     or
     // flow out of a callable
     exists(ReturnPosition pos |
@@ -831,6 +871,12 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
       node.(RetNodeEx).getReturnPosition() = pos and
       toReturn = true
     )
+    or
+    // flow through a callable
+    exists(DataFlowCall call |
+      revFlowInToReturn(call, node, config) and
+      revFlowIsReturned(call, toReturn, config)
+    )
   }
 
   /**
@@ -886,11 +932,11 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
   additional predicate viableParamArgNodeCandFwd1(
     DataFlowCall call, ParamNodeEx p, ArgNodeEx arg, Configuration config
   ) {
-    viableParamArgEx(call, p, arg) and
-    fwdFlow(arg, config)
+    fwdFlowIn(call, arg, _, p, config)
   }
 
-  pragma[nomagic]
+  // inline to reduce the number of iterations
+  pragma[inline]
   private predicate revFlowIn(
     DataFlowCall call, ArgNodeEx arg, boolean toReturn, Configuration config
   ) {

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/dataflow/internal/DataFlowImplCommon.qll

@@ -707,8 +707,8 @@ private module Cached {
      * Gets a viable dispatch target of `call` in the context `ctx`. This is
      * restricted to those `call`s for which a context might make a difference.
      */
-    pragma[nomagic]
-    private DataFlowCallable viableImplInCallContextExt(DataFlowCall call, DataFlowCall ctx) {
+    cached
+    DataFlowCallable viableImplInCallContextExt(DataFlowCall call, DataFlowCall ctx) {
       result = viableImplInCallContext(call, ctx) and
       result = viableCallable(call)
       or

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/dataflow/internal/DataFlowImplLocal.qll

@@ -667,23 +667,78 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
     )
     or
     // flow into a callable
-    exists(NodeEx arg |
-      fwdFlow(arg, _, config) and
-      viableParamArgEx(_, node, arg) and
-      cc = true and
-      not fullBarrier(node, config)
-    )
+    fwdFlowIn(_, _, _, node, config) and
+    cc = true
     or
     // flow out of a callable
+    fwdFlowOut(_, node, false, config) and
+    cc = false
+    or
+    // flow through a callable
     exists(DataFlowCall call |
-      fwdFlowOut(call, node, false, config) and
-      cc = false
-      or
       fwdFlowOutFromArg(call, node, config) and
       fwdFlowIsEntered(call, cc, config)
     )
   }
 
+  // inline to reduce the number of iterations
+  pragma[inline]
+  private predicate fwdFlowIn(
+    DataFlowCall call, NodeEx arg, Cc cc, ParamNodeEx p, Configuration config
+  ) {
+    // call context cannot help reduce virtual dispatch
+    fwdFlow(arg, cc, config) and
+    viableParamArgEx(call, p, arg) and
+    not fullBarrier(p, config) and
+    (
+      cc = false
+      or
+      cc = true and
+      not reducedViableImplInCallContext(call, _, _)
+    )
+    or
+    // call context may help reduce virtual dispatch
+    exists(DataFlowCallable target |
+      fwdFlowInReducedViableImplInSomeCallContext(call, arg, p, target, config) and
+      target = viableImplInSomeFwdFlowCallContextExt(call, config) and
+      cc = true
+    )
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Holds if an argument to `call` is reached in the flow covered by `fwdFlow`.
+   */
+  pragma[nomagic]
+  private predicate fwdFlowIsEntered(DataFlowCall call, Cc cc, Configuration config) {
+    fwdFlowIn(call, _, cc, _, config)
+  }
+
+  pragma[nomagic]
+  private predicate fwdFlowInReducedViableImplInSomeCallContext(
+    DataFlowCall call, NodeEx arg, ParamNodeEx p, DataFlowCallable target, Configuration config
+  ) {
+    fwdFlow(arg, true, config) and
+    viableParamArgEx(call, p, arg) and
+    reducedViableImplInCallContext(call, _, _) and
+    target = p.getEnclosingCallable() and
+    not fullBarrier(p, config)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets a viable dispatch target of `call` in the context `ctx`. This is
+   * restricted to those `call`s for which a context might make a difference,
+   * and to `ctx`s that are reachable in `fwdFlow`.
+   */
+  pragma[nomagic]
+  private DataFlowCallable viableImplInSomeFwdFlowCallContextExt(
+    DataFlowCall call, Configuration config
+  ) {
+    exists(DataFlowCall ctx |
+      fwdFlowIsEntered(ctx, _, config) and
+      result = viableImplInCallContextExt(call, ctx)
+    )
+  }
+
   private predicate fwdFlow(NodeEx node, Configuration config) { fwdFlow(node, _, config) }
 
   pragma[nomagic]
@@ -726,7 +781,8 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
     )
   }
 
-  pragma[nomagic]
+  // inline to reduce the number of iterations
+  pragma[inline]
   private predicate fwdFlowOut(DataFlowCall call, NodeEx out, Cc cc, Configuration config) {
     exists(ReturnPosition pos |
       fwdFlowReturnPosition(pos, cc, config) and
@@ -740,17 +796,6 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
     fwdFlowOut(call, out, true, config)
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Holds if an argument to `call` is reached in the flow covered by `fwdFlow`.
-   */
-  pragma[nomagic]
-  private predicate fwdFlowIsEntered(DataFlowCall call, Cc cc, Configuration config) {
-    exists(ArgNodeEx arg |
-      fwdFlow(arg, cc, config) and
-      viableParamArgEx(call, _, arg)
-    )
-  }
-
   private predicate stateStepFwd(FlowState state1, FlowState state2, Configuration config) {
     exists(NodeEx node1 |
       additionalLocalStateStep(node1, state1, _, state2, config) or
@@ -817,13 +862,8 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
     )
     or
     // flow into a callable
-    exists(DataFlowCall call |
-      revFlowIn(call, node, false, config) and
-      toReturn = false
-      or
-      revFlowInToReturn(call, node, config) and
-      revFlowIsReturned(call, toReturn, config)
-    )
+    revFlowIn(_, node, false, config) and
+    toReturn = false
     or
     // flow out of a callable
     exists(ReturnPosition pos |
@@ -831,6 +871,12 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
       node.(RetNodeEx).getReturnPosition() = pos and
       toReturn = true
     )
+    or
+    // flow through a callable
+    exists(DataFlowCall call |
+      revFlowInToReturn(call, node, config) and
+      revFlowIsReturned(call, toReturn, config)
+    )
   }
 
   /**
@@ -886,11 +932,11 @@ private module Stage1 implements StageSig {
   additional predicate viableParamArgNodeCandFwd1(
     DataFlowCall call, ParamNodeEx p, ArgNodeEx arg, Configuration config
   ) {
-    viableParamArgEx(call, p, arg) and
-    fwdFlow(arg, config)
+    fwdFlowIn(call, arg, _, p, config)
   }
 
-  pragma[nomagic]
+  // inline to reduce the number of iterations
+  pragma[inline]
   private predicate revFlowIn(
     DataFlowCall call, ArgNodeEx arg, boolean toReturn, Configuration config
   ) {