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V1
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<!DOCTYPE qhelp PUBLIC "-//Semmle//qhelp//EN" "qhelp.dtd">
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<qhelp>
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<overview>
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<p>
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Flask and Django require a Securely signed key for singing the session cookies. most of the time developers rely on load hardcoded secret keys from a config file or python code. this proves that the way of hardcoded secret can make problems when you forgot to change the constant secret keys.
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</p>
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</overview>
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<recommendation>
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<p>
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In Flask Consider using a secure random generator with <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/secrets.html#secrets.token_hex">Python standard secrets library</a>
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</p>
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<p>
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In Django Consider using a secure random generator with "get_random_secret_key()"" method from "django.core.management.utils".
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</p>
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</recommendation>
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<example>
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<sample src="example_bad.py" />
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<sample src="example_good.py" />
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</example>
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<references>
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<li>
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<a href="https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/2.3.x/config/#SECRET_KEY">Flask Documentation</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/ref/settings/#secret-key">Django Documentation</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="https://flask-jwt-extended.readthedocs.io/en/stable/basic_usage.html#basic-usage">Flask-JWT-Extended Documentation</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="https://www.horizon3.ai/cve-2023-27524-insecure-default-configuration-in-apache-superset-leads-to-remote-code-execution/">CVE-2023-27524 - Apache Superset had multiple CVEs related to this kind of Vulnerability</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-17526">CVE-2020-17526 - Apache Airflow had multiple CVEs related to this kind of Vulnerability</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-41192">CVE-2021-41192 - Redash was assigning a environment variable with a default value which it was assigning the default secrect if the environment variable does not exists</a>
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</li>
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</references>
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</qhelp>
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@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
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/**
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* @name Initializing SECRET_KEY of Flask application with Constant value
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* @description Initializing SECRET_KEY of Flask application with Constant value
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* files can lead to Authentication bypass
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* @kind path-problem
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* @id py/ConstantSecretKey
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* @problem.severity error
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* @security-severity 8.5
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* @precision high
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* @tags security
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* experimental
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* external/cwe/cwe-287
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*/
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import python
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import experimental.semmle.python.Concepts
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import semmle.python.dataflow.new.DataFlow
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import semmle.python.ApiGraphs
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import semmle.python.dataflow.new.TaintTracking
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/**
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* `flask.Flask()`
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*/
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API::Node flaskInstance() { result = API::moduleImport("flask").getMember("Flask").getASubclass*() }
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/**
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* with using flask-session package, there is no jwt exists in cookies in user side
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* ```python
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*import os
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*from flask import Flask, session
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*app = Flask(__name__)
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* ```
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*/
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module FlaskConstantSecretKeyConfig implements DataFlow::ConfigSig {
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/**
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* Sources are Constants that without any Tainting reach the Sinks.
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* Also Sources can be the default value of getenv or similar methods
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* in a case that no value is assigned to Desired SECRET_KEY environment variable
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*/
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predicate isSource(DataFlow::Node source) {
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(
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source.asExpr().isConstant()
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or
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exists(API::Node cn |
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cn =
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[
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API::moduleImport("configparser")
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.getMember(["ConfigParser", "RawConfigParser"])
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.getReturn(),
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// legacy API https://docs.python.org/3/library/configparser.html#legacy-api-examples
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API::moduleImport("configparser")
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.getMember(["ConfigParser", "RawConfigParser"])
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.getReturn()
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.getMember("get")
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.getReturn()
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] and
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source = cn.asSource()
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)
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or
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exists(API::CallNode cn |
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cn =
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[
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API::moduleImport("os").getMember("getenv").getACall(),
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API::moduleImport("os").getMember("environ").getMember("get").getACall()
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] and
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(
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// this can be ideal if we assume that best security practice is that
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// we don't get SECRET_KEY from env and we always assign a secure generated random string to it
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cn.getNumArgument() = 1
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or
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cn.getNumArgument() = 2 and
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DataFlow::localFlow(any(DataFlow::Node n | n.asExpr().isConstant()), cn.getArg(1))
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) and
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source.asExpr() = cn.asExpr()
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)
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or
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exists(DataFlow::LocalSourceNode lsn |
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lsn = API::moduleImport("os").getMember("environ").getASubscript().asSource() and
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source.asExpr() = lsn.asExpr()
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)
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) and
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not source.getScope().getLocation().getFile().inStdlib()
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}
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/**
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* Sinks are one of the following kinds, some of them are directly connected to a flask Instance like
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* ```python
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* app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'CHANGEME1'
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* app.secret_key = 'CHANGEME2'
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* app.config.update(SECRET_KEY="CHANGEME3")
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* app.config.from_mapping(SECRET_KEY="CHANGEME4")
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* ```
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* other Sinks are SECRET_KEY Constants Variables that are defined in seperate files or a class in those files like:
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* ```python
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* app.config.from_pyfile("config.py")
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* app.config.from_object('config.Config')
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*```
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* we find these files with `FromObjectFileName` DataFlow Configuration
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* note that "JWT_SECRET_KEY" is same as "SECRET_KEY" but it is belong to popular flask-jwt-extended library
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*/
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predicate isSink(DataFlow::Node sink) {
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(
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exists(API::Node n |
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n = flaskInstance() and
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flask_sessionSanitizer(n.getReturn().asSource())
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|
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sink =
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[
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n.getReturn().getAMember().getSubscript(["SECRET_KEY", "JWT_SECRET_KEY"]).asSink(),
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n.getReturn().getMember(["SECRET_KEY", "JWT_SECRET_KEY"]).asSink(),
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n.getReturn()
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.getMember("config")
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.getMember(["update", "from_mapping"])
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.getACall()
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.getArgByName(["SECRET_KEY", "JWT_SECRET_KEY"])
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]
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)
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or
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// this query checks for Django SecretKey too
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if exists(API::moduleImport("django"))
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then
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exists(AssignStmt e | e.getTarget(0).toString() = "SECRET_KEY" |
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sink.asExpr() = e.getValue()
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// and sanitizer(e.getTarget(0))
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)
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else
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exists(SecretKeyAssignStmt e |
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sink.asExpr() = e.getValue()
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// | sanitizer(e.getTarget(0))
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)
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) and
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not sink.getScope().getLocation().getFile().inStdlib()
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}
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}
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// using flask_session library is safe
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predicate flask_sessionSanitizer(DataFlow::Node source) {
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not DataFlow::localFlow(source,
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API::moduleImport("flask_session").getMember("Session").getACall().getArg(0))
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}
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// *it seems that sanitizer have a lot of performance issues*
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// for case check whether SECRECT_KEY is empty or not
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predicate sanitizer(Expr sourceExpr) {
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exists(DataFlow::Node source, DataFlow::Node sink, If i |
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source.asExpr() = sourceExpr and
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DataFlow::localFlow(source, sink)
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|
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not i.getASubExpression().getAChildNode*().(Compare) = sink.asExpr() and
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not sink.getScope().getLocation().getFile().inStdlib() and
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not source.getScope().getLocation().getFile().inStdlib() and
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not i.getScope().getLocation().getFile().inStdlib()
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)
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}
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/**
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* Assignments like `SECRET_KEY = ConstantValue`
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* which ConstantValue will be found by another DataFlow Configuration
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* and `SECRET_KEY` location must be a argument of `from_object` or `from_pyfile` methods
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* the argument/location value will be found by another Taint Tracking Configuration.
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*/
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class SecretKeyAssignStmt extends AssignStmt {
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SecretKeyAssignStmt() {
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exists(
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string configFileName, string fileNamehelper, DataFlow::Node n1, FromObjectFileName config
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|
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config.hasFlow(n1, _) and
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n1.asExpr().isConstant() and
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fileNamehelper = n1.asExpr().(StrConst).getS() and
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// because of `from_object` we want first part of `Config.AClassName` which `Config` is a python file name
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configFileName = fileNamehelper.splitAt(".") and
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// after spliting, don't look at %py% pattern
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configFileName != "py"
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|
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this.getLocation().getFile().getShortName().matches("%" + configFileName + "%") and
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this.getTarget(0).toString() = ["SECRET_KEY", "JWT_SECRET_KEY"]
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) and
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not this.getScope().getLocation().getFile().inStdlib()
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}
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}
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/**
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* we have some file name that telling us the SECRET_KEY location
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* which have determined by these two methods
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* `app.config.from_pyfile("configFileName.py")` or `app.config.from_object("configFileName.ClassName")`
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* this is a helper configuration that help us skip the SECRET_KEY variables that are not related to Flask.
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*/
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class FromObjectFileName extends TaintTracking::Configuration {
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FromObjectFileName() { this = "FromObjectFileName" }
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override predicate isSource(DataFlow::Node source) {
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source.asExpr().isConstant() and
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not source.getScope().getLocation().getFile().inStdlib()
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}
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override predicate isSink(DataFlow::Node sink) {
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exists(API::Node n |
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n = flaskInstance() and
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flask_sessionSanitizer(n.getReturn().asSource())
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|
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sink =
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n.getReturn()
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.getMember("config")
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.getMember(["from_object", "from_pyfile"])
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.getACall()
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.getArg(0)
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) and
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not sink.getScope().getLocation().getFile().inStdlib()
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}
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}
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module FlaskConstantSecretKey = TaintTracking::Global<FlaskConstantSecretKeyConfig>;
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import FlaskConstantSecretKey::PathGraph
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from FlaskConstantSecretKey::PathNode source, FlaskConstantSecretKey::PathNode sink
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where FlaskConstantSecretKey::flowPath(source, sink)
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select sink, source, sink, "The SECRET_KEY config variable has assigned by $@.", source,
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" this constant String"
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@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
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from flask import Flask, session
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app = Flask(__name__)
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aConstant = 'CHANGEME1'
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app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = aConstant
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@app.route('/')
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def DEB_EX():
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if 'logged_in' not in session:
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session['logged_in'] = False
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if session['logged_in']:
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return app.secret_key
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else:
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return app.secret_key, 403
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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app.run()
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@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
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from flask import Flask, session
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from secrets import token_hex
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app = Flask(__name__)
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app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = token_hex(64)
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@app.route('/')
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def DEB_EX():
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if 'logged_in' not in session:
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session['logged_in'] = False
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if session['logged_in']:
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return app.secret_key
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else:
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return app.secret_key, 403
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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app.run()
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@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
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edges
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| app_unsafe.py:4:13:4:23 | ControlFlowNode for Str | app_unsafe.py:5:28:5:36 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant |
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| app_unsafe.py:4:13:4:23 | ControlFlowNode for Str | app_unsafe.py:7:30:7:38 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant |
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| app_unsafe.py:4:13:4:23 | ControlFlowNode for Str | app_unsafe.py:8:36:8:44 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant |
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| config.py:7:1:7:9 | GSSA Variable aConstant | config.py:12:18:12:26 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant |
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| config.py:7:1:7:9 | GSSA Variable aConstant | config.py:12:18:12:26 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant |
|
||||
| config.py:7:1:7:9 | GSSA Variable aConstant | config.py:17:38:17:46 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant |
|
||||
| config.py:7:1:7:9 | GSSA Variable aConstant | config.py:18:43:18:51 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant |
|
||||
| config.py:7:13:7:23 | ControlFlowNode for Str | config.py:7:1:7:9 | GSSA Variable aConstant |
|
||||
| config.py:12:18:12:26 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant | config.py:17:38:17:46 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant |
|
||||
| config.py:12:18:12:26 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant | config.py:18:43:18:51 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant |
|
||||
| config.py:17:38:17:46 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant | config.py:17:18:17:47 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() |
|
||||
| config.py:17:38:17:46 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant | config.py:18:43:18:51 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant |
|
||||
| config.py:17:38:17:46 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant | file:///usr/lib/python3.10/os.py:771:17:771:23 | ControlFlowNode for default |
|
||||
| config.py:18:43:18:51 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant | config.py:18:18:18:52 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() |
|
||||
| file:///usr/lib/python3.10/os.py:771:17:771:23 | ControlFlowNode for default | file:///usr/lib/python3.10/os.py:775:29:775:35 | ControlFlowNode for default |
|
||||
| file:///usr/lib/python3.10/os.py:775:29:775:35 | ControlFlowNode for default | file:///usr/lib/python3.10/os.py:775:12:775:36 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() |
|
||||
nodes
|
||||
| app_unsafe.py:4:13:4:23 | ControlFlowNode for Str | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for Str |
|
||||
| app_unsafe.py:5:28:5:36 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for aConstant |
|
||||
| app_unsafe.py:7:30:7:38 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for aConstant |
|
||||
| app_unsafe.py:8:36:8:44 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for aConstant |
|
||||
| config2.py:5:14:5:24 | ControlFlowNode for Str | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for Str |
|
||||
| config.py:7:1:7:9 | GSSA Variable aConstant | semmle.label | GSSA Variable aConstant |
|
||||
| config.py:7:13:7:23 | ControlFlowNode for Str | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for Str |
|
||||
| config.py:11:18:11:38 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() |
|
||||
| config.py:12:18:12:26 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for aConstant |
|
||||
| config.py:12:18:12:26 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for aConstant |
|
||||
| config.py:13:18:13:36 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() |
|
||||
| config.py:14:18:14:41 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() |
|
||||
| config.py:17:18:17:47 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() |
|
||||
| config.py:17:38:17:46 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for aConstant |
|
||||
| config.py:18:18:18:52 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() |
|
||||
| config.py:18:43:18:51 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for aConstant |
|
||||
| config.py:19:18:19:37 | ControlFlowNode for Subscript | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for Subscript |
|
||||
| file:///usr/lib/python3.10/os.py:771:17:771:23 | ControlFlowNode for default | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for default |
|
||||
| file:///usr/lib/python3.10/os.py:775:12:775:36 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() |
|
||||
| file:///usr/lib/python3.10/os.py:775:29:775:35 | ControlFlowNode for default | semmle.label | ControlFlowNode for default |
|
||||
subpaths
|
||||
| config.py:17:38:17:46 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant | file:///usr/lib/python3.10/os.py:771:17:771:23 | ControlFlowNode for default | file:///usr/lib/python3.10/os.py:775:12:775:36 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() | config.py:17:18:17:47 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() |
|
||||
#select
|
||||
| app_unsafe.py:5:28:5:36 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant | app_unsafe.py:4:13:4:23 | ControlFlowNode for Str | app_unsafe.py:5:28:5:36 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant | The SECRET_KEY config variable has assigned by $@. | app_unsafe.py:4:13:4:23 | ControlFlowNode for Str | this constant String |
|
||||
| app_unsafe.py:7:30:7:38 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant | app_unsafe.py:4:13:4:23 | ControlFlowNode for Str | app_unsafe.py:7:30:7:38 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant | The SECRET_KEY config variable has assigned by $@. | app_unsafe.py:4:13:4:23 | ControlFlowNode for Str | this constant String |
|
||||
| app_unsafe.py:8:36:8:44 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant | app_unsafe.py:4:13:4:23 | ControlFlowNode for Str | app_unsafe.py:8:36:8:44 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant | The SECRET_KEY config variable has assigned by $@. | app_unsafe.py:4:13:4:23 | ControlFlowNode for Str | this constant String |
|
||||
| config2.py:5:14:5:24 | ControlFlowNode for Str | config2.py:5:14:5:24 | ControlFlowNode for Str | config2.py:5:14:5:24 | ControlFlowNode for Str | The SECRET_KEY config variable has assigned by $@. | config2.py:5:14:5:24 | ControlFlowNode for Str | this constant String |
|
||||
| config.py:11:18:11:38 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() | config.py:11:18:11:38 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() | config.py:11:18:11:38 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() | The SECRET_KEY config variable has assigned by $@. | config.py:11:18:11:38 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() | this constant String |
|
||||
| config.py:12:18:12:26 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant | config.py:7:13:7:23 | ControlFlowNode for Str | config.py:12:18:12:26 | ControlFlowNode for aConstant | The SECRET_KEY config variable has assigned by $@. | config.py:7:13:7:23 | ControlFlowNode for Str | this constant String |
|
||||
| config.py:13:18:13:36 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() | config.py:13:18:13:36 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() | config.py:13:18:13:36 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() | The SECRET_KEY config variable has assigned by $@. | config.py:13:18:13:36 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() | this constant String |
|
||||
| config.py:14:18:14:41 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() | config.py:14:18:14:41 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() | config.py:14:18:14:41 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() | The SECRET_KEY config variable has assigned by $@. | config.py:14:18:14:41 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() | this constant String |
|
||||
| config.py:17:18:17:47 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() | config.py:7:13:7:23 | ControlFlowNode for Str | config.py:17:18:17:47 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() | The SECRET_KEY config variable has assigned by $@. | config.py:7:13:7:23 | ControlFlowNode for Str | this constant String |
|
||||
| config.py:18:18:18:52 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() | config.py:7:13:7:23 | ControlFlowNode for Str | config.py:18:18:18:52 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() | The SECRET_KEY config variable has assigned by $@. | config.py:7:13:7:23 | ControlFlowNode for Str | this constant String |
|
||||
| config.py:19:18:19:37 | ControlFlowNode for Subscript | config.py:19:18:19:37 | ControlFlowNode for Subscript | config.py:19:18:19:37 | ControlFlowNode for Subscript | The SECRET_KEY config variable has assigned by $@. | config.py:19:18:19:37 | ControlFlowNode for Subscript | this constant String |
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
||||
experimental/Security/CWE-287-ConstantSecretKey/ConstantSecretKey.ql
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
|
||||
from flask import Flask, session
|
||||
from flask_session import Session
|
||||
|
||||
app = Flask(__name__)
|
||||
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'CHANGEME'
|
||||
|
||||
Session(app)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@app.route('/')
|
||||
def index():
|
||||
if 'logged_in' not in session:
|
||||
session['logged_in'] = False
|
||||
|
||||
if session['logged_in']:
|
||||
return '<h1>You are logged in!</h1>'
|
||||
else:
|
||||
return '<h1>Access Denied</h1>', 403
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
||||
app.run()
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
|
||||
from flask import Flask, session
|
||||
from secrets import token_hex
|
||||
|
||||
app = Flask(__name__)
|
||||
SECRET_KEY = 'CHANGEME'
|
||||
|
||||
if not SECRET_KEY:
|
||||
SECRET_KEY = token_hex(16)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@app.route('/')
|
||||
def index():
|
||||
if 'logged_in' not in session:
|
||||
session['logged_in'] = False
|
||||
|
||||
if session['logged_in']:
|
||||
return '<h1>You are logged in!</h1>'
|
||||
else:
|
||||
return '<h1>Access Denied</h1>', 403
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
||||
app.run()
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
|
||||
from flask import Flask, session
|
||||
|
||||
app = Flask(__name__)
|
||||
aConstant = 'CHANGEME1'
|
||||
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = aConstant
|
||||
app.secret_key = aConstant
|
||||
app.config.update(SECRET_KEY=aConstant)
|
||||
app.config.from_mapping(SECRET_KEY=aConstant)
|
||||
app.config.from_pyfile("config.py")
|
||||
app.config.from_object('config.Config')
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@app.route('/')
|
||||
def DEB_EX():
|
||||
if 'logged_in' not in session:
|
||||
session['logged_in'] = False
|
||||
if session['logged_in']:
|
||||
return app.secret_key
|
||||
else:
|
||||
return app.secret_key, 403
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
||||
app.run()
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
|
||||
"""Flask App configuration."""
|
||||
from os import environ
|
||||
import os
|
||||
import random
|
||||
|
||||
FLASK_DEBUG = True
|
||||
aConstant = 'CHANGEME2'
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class Config:
|
||||
SECRET_KEY = environ.get("envKey")
|
||||
SECRET_KEY = aConstant
|
||||
SECRET_KEY = os.getenv('envKey')
|
||||
SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('envKey')
|
||||
SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('envKey', random.randint)
|
||||
SECRET_KEY = os.getenv('envKey', random.randint)
|
||||
SECRET_KEY = os.getenv('envKey', aConstant)
|
||||
SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('envKey', aConstant)
|
||||
SECRET_KEY = os.environ['envKey']
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
|
||||
"""Flask App configuration."""
|
||||
|
||||
# General Config
|
||||
FLASK_DEBUG = True
|
||||
SECRET_KEY = "CHANGEME5"
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user