Merge branch 'main' of https://github.com/github/codeql into oscarsj/merge-back-rc-3.20

actions/ql/lib/change-notes/2025-11-28-fix-code-injection-alert-filtering.md

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+---
+category: majorAnalysis
+---
+* The query `actions/code-injection/medium` has been updated to include results which were incorrectly excluded while filtering out results that are reported by `actions/code-injection/critical`.

actions/ql/lib/codeql/actions/security/CodeInjectionQuery.qll

@@ -19,12 +19,7 @@ class CodeInjectionSink extends DataFlow::Node {
 Event getRelevantCriticalEventForSink(DataFlow::Node sink) {
   inPrivilegedContext(sink.asExpr(), result) and
   not exists(ControlCheck check | check.protects(sink.asExpr(), result, "code-injection")) and
-  // exclude cases where the sink is a JS script and the expression uses toJson
-  not exists(UsesStep script |
-    script.getCallee() = "actions/github-script" and
-    script.getArgumentExpr("script") = sink.asExpr() and
-    exists(getAToJsonReferenceExpression(sink.asExpr().(Expression).getExpression(), _))
-  )
+  not isGithubScriptUsingToJson(sink.asExpr())
 }
 
 /**
@@ -91,3 +86,38 @@ private module CodeInjectionConfig implements DataFlow::ConfigSig {
 
 /** Tracks flow of unsafe user input that is used to construct and evaluate a code script. */
 module CodeInjectionFlow = TaintTracking::Global<CodeInjectionConfig>;
+
+/**
+ * Holds if there is a code injection flow from `source` to `sink` with
+ * critical severity, linked by `event`.
+ */
+predicate criticalSeverityCodeInjection(
+  CodeInjectionFlow::PathNode source, CodeInjectionFlow::PathNode sink, Event event
+) {
+  CodeInjectionFlow::flowPath(source, sink) and
+  event = getRelevantCriticalEventForSink(sink.getNode()) and
+  source.getNode().(RemoteFlowSource).getEventName() = event.getName()
+}
+
+/**
+ * Holds if there is a code injection flow from `source` to `sink` with medium severity.
+ */
+predicate mediumSeverityCodeInjection(
+  CodeInjectionFlow::PathNode source, CodeInjectionFlow::PathNode sink
+) {
+  CodeInjectionFlow::flowPath(source, sink) and
+  not criticalSeverityCodeInjection(source, sink, _) and
+  not isGithubScriptUsingToJson(sink.getNode().asExpr())
+}
+
+/**
+ * Holds if `expr` is the `script` input to `actions/github-script` and it uses
+ * `toJson`.
+ */
+predicate isGithubScriptUsingToJson(Expression expr) {
+  exists(UsesStep script |
+    script.getCallee() = "actions/github-script" and
+    script.getArgumentExpr("script") = expr and
+    exists(getAToJsonReferenceExpression(expr.getExpression(), _))
+  )
+}

actions/ql/src/Security/CWE-094/CodeInjectionCritical.ql

@@ -20,10 +20,7 @@ import CodeInjectionFlow::PathGraph
 import codeql.actions.security.ControlChecks
 
 from CodeInjectionFlow::PathNode source, CodeInjectionFlow::PathNode sink, Event event
-where
-  CodeInjectionFlow::flowPath(source, sink) and
-  event = getRelevantCriticalEventForSink(sink.getNode()) and
-  source.getNode().(RemoteFlowSource).getEventName() = event.getName()
+where criticalSeverityCodeInjection(source, sink, event)
 select sink.getNode(), source, sink,
   "Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user ($@).", sink,
   sink.getNode().asExpr().(Expression).getRawExpression(), event, event.getName()

actions/ql/src/Security/CWE-094/CodeInjectionMedium.ql

@@ -19,15 +19,7 @@ import codeql.actions.security.CodeInjectionQuery
 import CodeInjectionFlow::PathGraph
 
 from CodeInjectionFlow::PathNode source, CodeInjectionFlow::PathNode sink
-where
-  CodeInjectionFlow::flowPath(source, sink) and
-  inNonPrivilegedContext(sink.getNode().asExpr()) and
-  // exclude cases where the sink is a JS script and the expression uses toJson
-  not exists(UsesStep script |
-    script.getCallee() = "actions/github-script" and
-    script.getArgumentExpr("script") = sink.getNode().asExpr() and
-    exists(getAToJsonReferenceExpression(sink.getNode().asExpr().(Expression).getExpression(), _))
-  )
+where mediumSeverityCodeInjection(source, sink)
 select sink.getNode(), source, sink,
   "Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user.", sink,
   sink.getNode().asExpr().(Expression).getRawExpression()

actions/ql/src/Security/CWE-275/MissingActionsPermissions.md

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 If a GitHub Actions job or workflow has no explicit permissions set, then the repository permissions are used. Repositories created under organizations inherit the organization permissions. The organizations or repositories created before February 2023 have the default permissions set to read-write. Often these permissions do not adhere to the principle of least privilege and can be reduced to read-only, leaving the `write` permission only to a specific types as `issues: write` or `pull-requests: write`.
 
+Note that this query cannot check whether the organization or repository token settings are set to read-only. However, even if they are, it is recommended to define explicit permissions (`contents: read` and `packages: read` are equivalent to the read-only default) so that (a) the actual needs of the workflow are documented, and (b) the permissions will remain restricted if the default is subsequently changed, or the workflow is copied to a different repository or organization.
+
 ## Recommendation
 
 Add the `permissions` key to the job or the root of workflow (in this case it is applied to all jobs in the workflow that do not have their own `permissions` key) and assign the least privileges required to complete the task.

actions/ql/test/query-tests/Security/CWE-094/.github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+on:
+  push:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  echo-chamber:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - run: echo '${{ github.event.commits[11].message }}'
+    - run: echo '${{ github.event.commits[11].author.email }}'
+    - run: echo '${{ github.event.commits[11].author.name }}'
+    - run: echo '${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}'
+    - run: echo '${{ github.event.head_commit.author.email }}'
+    - run: echo '${{ github.event.head_commit.author.name }}'
+    - run: echo '${{ github.event.head_commit.committer.email }}'
+    - run: echo '${{ github.event.head_commit.committer.name }}'
+    - run: echo '${{ github.event.commits[11].committer.email }}'
+    - run: echo '${{ github.event.commits[11].committer.name }}'

actions/ql/test/query-tests/Security/CWE-094/CodeInjectionCritical.expected

@@ -435,6 +435,16 @@ nodes
 | .github/workflows/push.yml:14:19:14:64 | github.event.head_commit.committer.name | semmle.label | github.event.head_commit.committer.name |
 | .github/workflows/push.yml:15:19:15:65 | github.event.commits[11].committer.email | semmle.label | github.event.commits[11].committer.email |
 | .github/workflows/push.yml:16:19:16:64 | github.event.commits[11].committer.name | semmle.label | github.event.commits[11].committer.name |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:9:19:9:57 | github.event.commits[11].message | semmle.label | github.event.commits[11].message |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:10:19:10:62 | github.event.commits[11].author.email | semmle.label | github.event.commits[11].author.email |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:11:19:11:61 | github.event.commits[11].author.name | semmle.label | github.event.commits[11].author.name |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:12:19:12:57 | github.event.head_commit.message | semmle.label | github.event.head_commit.message |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:13:19:13:62 | github.event.head_commit.author.email | semmle.label | github.event.head_commit.author.email |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:14:19:14:61 | github.event.head_commit.author.name | semmle.label | github.event.head_commit.author.name |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:15:19:15:65 | github.event.head_commit.committer.email | semmle.label | github.event.head_commit.committer.email |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:16:19:16:64 | github.event.head_commit.committer.name | semmle.label | github.event.head_commit.committer.name |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:17:19:17:65 | github.event.commits[11].committer.email | semmle.label | github.event.commits[11].committer.email |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:18:19:18:64 | github.event.commits[11].committer.name | semmle.label | github.event.commits[11].committer.name |
 | .github/workflows/reusable-workflow-1.yml:6:7:6:11 | input taint | semmle.label | input taint |
 | .github/workflows/reusable-workflow-1.yml:36:21:36:39 | inputs.taint | semmle.label | inputs.taint |
 | .github/workflows/reusable-workflow-1.yml:44:19:44:56 | github.event.pull_request.title | semmle.label | github.event.pull_request.title |

actions/ql/test/query-tests/Security/CWE-094/CodeInjectionMedium.expected

@@ -435,6 +435,16 @@ nodes
 | .github/workflows/push.yml:14:19:14:64 | github.event.head_commit.committer.name | semmle.label | github.event.head_commit.committer.name |
 | .github/workflows/push.yml:15:19:15:65 | github.event.commits[11].committer.email | semmle.label | github.event.commits[11].committer.email |
 | .github/workflows/push.yml:16:19:16:64 | github.event.commits[11].committer.name | semmle.label | github.event.commits[11].committer.name |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:9:19:9:57 | github.event.commits[11].message | semmle.label | github.event.commits[11].message |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:10:19:10:62 | github.event.commits[11].author.email | semmle.label | github.event.commits[11].author.email |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:11:19:11:61 | github.event.commits[11].author.name | semmle.label | github.event.commits[11].author.name |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:12:19:12:57 | github.event.head_commit.message | semmle.label | github.event.head_commit.message |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:13:19:13:62 | github.event.head_commit.author.email | semmle.label | github.event.head_commit.author.email |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:14:19:14:61 | github.event.head_commit.author.name | semmle.label | github.event.head_commit.author.name |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:15:19:15:65 | github.event.head_commit.committer.email | semmle.label | github.event.head_commit.committer.email |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:16:19:16:64 | github.event.head_commit.committer.name | semmle.label | github.event.head_commit.committer.name |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:17:19:17:65 | github.event.commits[11].committer.email | semmle.label | github.event.commits[11].committer.email |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:18:19:18:64 | github.event.commits[11].committer.name | semmle.label | github.event.commits[11].committer.name |
 | .github/workflows/reusable-workflow-1.yml:6:7:6:11 | input taint | semmle.label | input taint |
 | .github/workflows/reusable-workflow-1.yml:36:21:36:39 | inputs.taint | semmle.label | inputs.taint |
 | .github/workflows/reusable-workflow-1.yml:44:19:44:56 | github.event.pull_request.title | semmle.label | github.event.pull_request.title |
@@ -719,6 +729,16 @@ subpaths
 | .github/workflows/push.yml:14:19:14:64 | github.event.head_commit.committer.name | .github/workflows/push.yml:14:19:14:64 | github.event.head_commit.committer.name | .github/workflows/push.yml:14:19:14:64 | github.event.head_commit.committer.name | Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user. | .github/workflows/push.yml:14:19:14:64 | github.event.head_commit.committer.name | ${{ github.event.head_commit.committer.name }} |
 | .github/workflows/push.yml:15:19:15:65 | github.event.commits[11].committer.email | .github/workflows/push.yml:15:19:15:65 | github.event.commits[11].committer.email | .github/workflows/push.yml:15:19:15:65 | github.event.commits[11].committer.email | Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user. | .github/workflows/push.yml:15:19:15:65 | github.event.commits[11].committer.email | ${{ github.event.commits[11].committer.email }} |
 | .github/workflows/push.yml:16:19:16:64 | github.event.commits[11].committer.name | .github/workflows/push.yml:16:19:16:64 | github.event.commits[11].committer.name | .github/workflows/push.yml:16:19:16:64 | github.event.commits[11].committer.name | Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user. | .github/workflows/push.yml:16:19:16:64 | github.event.commits[11].committer.name | ${{ github.event.commits[11].committer.name }} |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:9:19:9:57 | github.event.commits[11].message | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:9:19:9:57 | github.event.commits[11].message | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:9:19:9:57 | github.event.commits[11].message | Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user. | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:9:19:9:57 | github.event.commits[11].message | ${{ github.event.commits[11].message }} |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:10:19:10:62 | github.event.commits[11].author.email | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:10:19:10:62 | github.event.commits[11].author.email | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:10:19:10:62 | github.event.commits[11].author.email | Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user. | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:10:19:10:62 | github.event.commits[11].author.email | ${{ github.event.commits[11].author.email }} |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:11:19:11:61 | github.event.commits[11].author.name | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:11:19:11:61 | github.event.commits[11].author.name | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:11:19:11:61 | github.event.commits[11].author.name | Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user. | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:11:19:11:61 | github.event.commits[11].author.name | ${{ github.event.commits[11].author.name }} |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:12:19:12:57 | github.event.head_commit.message | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:12:19:12:57 | github.event.head_commit.message | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:12:19:12:57 | github.event.head_commit.message | Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user. | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:12:19:12:57 | github.event.head_commit.message | ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }} |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:13:19:13:62 | github.event.head_commit.author.email | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:13:19:13:62 | github.event.head_commit.author.email | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:13:19:13:62 | github.event.head_commit.author.email | Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user. | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:13:19:13:62 | github.event.head_commit.author.email | ${{ github.event.head_commit.author.email }} |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:14:19:14:61 | github.event.head_commit.author.name | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:14:19:14:61 | github.event.head_commit.author.name | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:14:19:14:61 | github.event.head_commit.author.name | Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user. | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:14:19:14:61 | github.event.head_commit.author.name | ${{ github.event.head_commit.author.name }} |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:15:19:15:65 | github.event.head_commit.committer.email | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:15:19:15:65 | github.event.head_commit.committer.email | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:15:19:15:65 | github.event.head_commit.committer.email | Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user. | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:15:19:15:65 | github.event.head_commit.committer.email | ${{ github.event.head_commit.committer.email }} |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:16:19:16:64 | github.event.head_commit.committer.name | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:16:19:16:64 | github.event.head_commit.committer.name | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:16:19:16:64 | github.event.head_commit.committer.name | Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user. | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:16:19:16:64 | github.event.head_commit.committer.name | ${{ github.event.head_commit.committer.name }} |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:17:19:17:65 | github.event.commits[11].committer.email | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:17:19:17:65 | github.event.commits[11].committer.email | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:17:19:17:65 | github.event.commits[11].committer.email | Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user. | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:17:19:17:65 | github.event.commits[11].committer.email | ${{ github.event.commits[11].committer.email }} |
+| .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:18:19:18:64 | github.event.commits[11].committer.name | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:18:19:18:64 | github.event.commits[11].committer.name | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:18:19:18:64 | github.event.commits[11].committer.name | Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user. | .github/workflows/push_and_workflow_dispatch.yml:18:19:18:64 | github.event.commits[11].committer.name | ${{ github.event.commits[11].committer.name }} |
 | .github/workflows/reusable-workflow-1.yml:36:21:36:39 | inputs.taint | .github/workflows/reusable-workflow-caller-1.yml:11:15:11:52 | github.event.pull_request.title | .github/workflows/reusable-workflow-1.yml:36:21:36:39 | inputs.taint | Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user. | .github/workflows/reusable-workflow-1.yml:36:21:36:39 | inputs.taint | ${{ inputs.taint }} |
 | .github/workflows/reusable-workflow-1.yml:53:26:53:39 | env.log | .github/workflows/reusable-workflow-1.yml:44:19:44:56 | github.event.pull_request.title | .github/workflows/reusable-workflow-1.yml:53:26:53:39 | env.log | Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user. | .github/workflows/reusable-workflow-1.yml:53:26:53:39 | env.log | ${{ env.log }} |
 | .github/workflows/reusable-workflow-1.yml:66:34:66:52 | env.prev_log | .github/workflows/reusable-workflow-1.yml:45:24:45:61 | github.event.changes.title.from | .github/workflows/reusable-workflow-1.yml:66:34:66:52 | env.prev_log | Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user. | .github/workflows/reusable-workflow-1.yml:66:34:66:52 | env.prev_log | ${{ env.prev_log }} |
@@ -729,6 +749,10 @@ subpaths
 | .github/workflows/test10.yml:333:34:333:77 | github.event.workflow_run.head_branch | .github/workflows/test10.yml:333:34:333:77 | github.event.workflow_run.head_branch | .github/workflows/test10.yml:333:34:333:77 | github.event.workflow_run.head_branch | Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user. | .github/workflows/test10.yml:333:34:333:77 | github.event.workflow_run.head_branch | ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_branch }} |
 | .github/workflows/test10.yml:423:34:423:77 | github.event.workflow_run.head_branch | .github/workflows/test10.yml:423:34:423:77 | github.event.workflow_run.head_branch | .github/workflows/test10.yml:423:34:423:77 | github.event.workflow_run.head_branch | Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user. | .github/workflows/test10.yml:423:34:423:77 | github.event.workflow_run.head_branch | ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_branch }} |
 | .github/workflows/test10.yml:518:34:518:77 | github.event.workflow_run.head_branch | .github/workflows/test10.yml:518:34:518:77 | github.event.workflow_run.head_branch | .github/workflows/test10.yml:518:34:518:77 | github.event.workflow_run.head_branch | Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user. | .github/workflows/test10.yml:518:34:518:77 | github.event.workflow_run.head_branch | ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_branch }} |
+| .github/workflows/test20.yml:15:54:15:94 | github.event.pull_request.head.ref | .github/workflows/test20.yml:15:54:15:94 | github.event.pull_request.head.ref | .github/workflows/test20.yml:15:54:15:94 | github.event.pull_request.head.ref | Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user. | .github/workflows/test20.yml:15:54:15:94 | github.event.pull_request.head.ref | ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.ref }} |
+| .github/workflows/test21.yml:22:35:22:73 | github.event.head_commit.message | .github/workflows/test21.yml:22:35:22:73 | github.event.head_commit.message | .github/workflows/test21.yml:22:35:22:73 | github.event.head_commit.message | Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user. | .github/workflows/test21.yml:22:35:22:73 | github.event.head_commit.message | ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }} |
+| .github/workflows/test21.yml:23:36:23:74 | github.event.head_commit.message | .github/workflows/test21.yml:23:36:23:74 | github.event.head_commit.message | .github/workflows/test21.yml:23:36:23:74 | github.event.head_commit.message | Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user. | .github/workflows/test21.yml:23:36:23:74 | github.event.head_commit.message | ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }} |
+| .github/workflows/test21.yml:24:50:24:88 | github.event.head_commit.message | .github/workflows/test21.yml:24:50:24:88 | github.event.head_commit.message | .github/workflows/test21.yml:24:50:24:88 | github.event.head_commit.message | Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user. | .github/workflows/test21.yml:24:50:24:88 | github.event.head_commit.message | ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }} |
 | .github/workflows/workflow_run_branches1.yml:13:20:13:63 | github.event.workflow_run.head_branch | .github/workflows/workflow_run_branches1.yml:13:20:13:63 | github.event.workflow_run.head_branch | .github/workflows/workflow_run_branches1.yml:13:20:13:63 | github.event.workflow_run.head_branch | Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user. | .github/workflows/workflow_run_branches1.yml:13:20:13:63 | github.event.workflow_run.head_branch | ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_branch }} |
 | .github/workflows/workflow_run_branches2.yml:13:20:13:63 | github.event.workflow_run.head_branch | .github/workflows/workflow_run_branches2.yml:13:20:13:63 | github.event.workflow_run.head_branch | .github/workflows/workflow_run_branches2.yml:13:20:13:63 | github.event.workflow_run.head_branch | Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user. | .github/workflows/workflow_run_branches2.yml:13:20:13:63 | github.event.workflow_run.head_branch | ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_branch }} |
 | .github/workflows/workflow_run_branches4.yml:13:20:13:63 | github.event.workflow_run.head_branch | .github/workflows/workflow_run_branches4.yml:13:20:13:63 | github.event.workflow_run.head_branch | .github/workflows/workflow_run_branches4.yml:13:20:13:63 | github.event.workflow_run.head_branch | Potential code injection in $@, which may be controlled by an external user. | .github/workflows/workflow_run_branches4.yml:13:20:13:63 | github.event.workflow_run.head_branch | ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_branch }} |