diff --git a/extractor/src/extractor.rs b/extractor/src/extractor.rs
index 58565ae0e1a..0cb7c8073e7 100644
--- a/extractor/src/extractor.rs
+++ b/extractor/src/extractor.rs
@@ -259,12 +259,13 @@ struct Visitor<'a> {
     token_counter: usize,
     /// A lookup table from type name to node types
     schema: &'a NodeTypeMap,
-    /// A stack for gathering information from hild nodes. Whenever a node is entered
-    /// an empty list is pushed. All children append their data (field name, label, type) to
-    /// the the list. When the visitor leaves a node the list containing the child data is popped
-    /// from the stack and matched against the dbscheme for the node. If the expectations are met
-    /// the corresponding row definitions are added to the trap_output.
-    stack: Vec<Vec<(Option<&'static str>, Label, TypeName)>>,
+    /// A stack for gathering information from child nodes. Whenever a node is entered
+    /// the parent's [Label] and an empty list is pushed. All children append their data
+    /// (field name, label, type) to the the list. When the visitor leaves a node the list
+    /// containing the child data is popped from the stack and matched against the dbscheme
+    /// for the node. If the expectations are met the corresponding row definitions are
+    /// added to the trap_output.
+    stack: Vec<(Label, Vec<(Option<&'static str>, Label, TypeName)>)>,
 }
 
 impl Visitor<'_> {
@@ -287,7 +288,9 @@ impl Visitor<'_> {
             return false;
         }
 
-        self.stack.push(Vec::new());
+        let id = self.trap_writer.fresh_id();
+
+        self.stack.push((id, Vec::new()));
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -295,11 +298,10 @@ impl Visitor<'_> {
         if node.is_error() || node.is_missing() {
             return;
         }
-        let child_nodes = self.stack.pop().expect("Vistor: empty stack");
-        let id = self.trap_writer.fresh_id();
+        let (id, child_nodes) = self.stack.pop().expect("Vistor: empty stack");
         let (start_line, start_column, end_line, end_column) = location_for(&self.source, node);
         let loc = self.trap_writer.location(
-            self.file_label.clone(),
+            self.file_label,
             start_line,
             start_column,
             end_line,
@@ -313,12 +315,17 @@ impl Visitor<'_> {
             })
             .unwrap();
         let mut valid = true;
+        let parent_id = match self.stack.last_mut() {
+            Some(p) if !node.is_extra() => p.0,
+            _ => self.file_label,
+        };
         match &table.kind {
             EntryKind::Token { kind_id, .. } => {
                 self.trap_writer.add_tuple(
                     "tokeninfo",
                     vec![
                         Arg::Label(id),
+                        Arg::Label(parent_id),
                         Arg::Int(*kind_id),
                         Arg::Label(self.file_label),
                         Arg::Int(self.token_counter),
@@ -335,6 +342,7 @@ impl Visitor<'_> {
                 if let Some(args) = self.complex_node(&node, fields, child_nodes, id) {
                     let mut all_args = Vec::new();
                     all_args.push(Arg::Label(id));
+                    all_args.push(Arg::Label(parent_id));
                     all_args.extend(args);
                     all_args.push(Arg::Label(loc));
                     self.trap_writer.add_tuple(&table_name, all_args);
@@ -354,7 +362,7 @@ impl Visitor<'_> {
             // Extra nodes are independent root nodes and do not belong to the parent node
             // Therefore we should not register them in the parent vector
             if let Some(parent) = self.stack.last_mut() {
-                parent.push((
+                parent.1.push((
                     field_name,
                     id,
                     TypeName {
diff --git a/generator/src/main.rs b/generator/src/main.rs
index 652209df6bd..f2b0f071312 100644
--- a/generator/src/main.rs
+++ b/generator/src/main.rs
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ fn convert_nodes<'a>(nodes: &'a node_types::NodeTypeMap) -> Vec<dbscheme::Entry<
         })
         .collect();
     ast_node_members.insert("token");
-
+    ast_node_members.insert("file");
     for (_, node) in nodes {
         match &node.kind {
             node_types::EntryKind::Union { members: n_members } => {
@@ -155,13 +155,22 @@ fn convert_nodes<'a>(nodes: &'a node_types::NodeTypeMap) -> Vec<dbscheme::Entry<
                 // It's a product type, defined by a table.
                 let mut main_table = dbscheme::Table {
                     name: &name,
-                    columns: vec![dbscheme::Column {
-                        db_type: dbscheme::DbColumnType::Int,
-                        name: "id",
-                        unique: true,
-                        ql_type: ql::Type::AtType(&node.dbscheme_name),
-                        ql_type_is_ref: false,
-                    }],
+                    columns: vec![
+                        dbscheme::Column {
+                            db_type: dbscheme::DbColumnType::Int,
+                            name: "id",
+                            unique: true,
+                            ql_type: ql::Type::AtType(&node.dbscheme_name),
+                            ql_type_is_ref: false,
+                        },
+                        dbscheme::Column {
+                            db_type: dbscheme::DbColumnType::Int,
+                            name: "parent",
+                            unique: false,
+                            ql_type: ql::Type::AtType("ast_node_parent"),
+                            ql_type_is_ref: true,
+                        },
+                    ],
                     keysets: None,
                 };
                 ast_node_members.insert(&node.dbscheme_name);
@@ -227,6 +236,11 @@ fn convert_nodes<'a>(nodes: &'a node_types::NodeTypeMap) -> Vec<dbscheme::Entry<
         members: ast_node_members,
     }));
 
+    // Create the ast_node_parent union.
+    entries.push(dbscheme::Entry::Union(dbscheme::Union {
+        name: "ast_node_parent",
+        members: ["ast_node", "file"].iter().cloned().collect(),
+    }));
     entries
 }
 
@@ -244,6 +258,13 @@ fn create_tokeninfo<'a>(
                 ql_type: ql::Type::AtType("token"),
                 ql_type_is_ref: false,
             },
+            dbscheme::Column {
+                db_type: dbscheme::DbColumnType::Int,
+                name: "parent",
+                unique: false,
+                ql_type: ql::Type::AtType("ast_node_parent"),
+                ql_type_is_ref: true,
+            },
             dbscheme::Column {
                 unique: false,
                 db_type: dbscheme::DbColumnType::Int,
diff --git a/generator/src/ql_gen.rs b/generator/src/ql_gen.rs
index 443a009abf9..35a1d6196ef 100644
--- a/generator/src/ql_gen.rs
+++ b/generator/src/ql_gen.rs
@@ -46,31 +46,7 @@ fn create_ast_node_class<'a>() -> ql::Class<'a> {
         create_none_predicate("getLocation", false, Some(ql::Type::Normal("Location")));
     let get_a_field_or_child =
         create_none_predicate("getAFieldOrChild", false, Some(ql::Type::Normal("AstNode")));
-    let get_parent = ql::Predicate {
-        name: "getParent",
-        overridden: false,
-        return_type: Some(ql::Type::Normal("AstNode")),
-        formal_parameters: vec![],
-        body: ql::Expression::Equals(
-            Box::new(ql::Expression::Var("result")),
-            Box::new(ql::Expression::Aggregate(
-                "unique",
-                vec![ql::FormalParameter {
-                    name: "parent",
-                    param_type: ql::Type::Normal("AstNode"),
-                }],
-                Box::new(ql::Expression::Equals(
-                    Box::new(ql::Expression::Var("this")),
-                    Box::new(ql::Expression::Dot(
-                        Box::new(ql::Expression::Var("parent")),
-                        "getAFieldOrChild",
-                        vec![],
-                    )),
-                )),
-                Box::new(ql::Expression::Var("parent")),
-            )),
-        ),
-    };
+    let get_parent = create_none_predicate("getParent", false, Some(ql::Type::Normal("AstNode")));
     let describe_ql_class = ql::Predicate {
         name: "describeQlClass",
         overridden: false,
@@ -97,6 +73,24 @@ fn create_ast_node_class<'a>() -> ql::Class<'a> {
 }
 
 fn create_token_class<'a>() -> ql::Class<'a> {
+    let get_parent = ql::Predicate {
+        name: "getParent",
+        overridden: true,
+        return_type: Some(ql::Type::Normal("AstNode")),
+        formal_parameters: vec![],
+        body: ql::Expression::Pred(
+            "tokeninfo",
+            vec![
+                ql::Expression::Var("this"),
+                ql::Expression::Var("result"),
+                ql::Expression::Var("_"),
+                ql::Expression::Var("_"),
+                ql::Expression::Var("_"),
+                ql::Expression::Var("_"),
+                ql::Expression::Var("_"),
+            ],
+        ),
+    };
     let get_value = ql::Predicate {
         name: "getValue",
         overridden: false,
@@ -109,6 +103,7 @@ fn create_token_class<'a>() -> ql::Class<'a> {
                 ql::Expression::Var("_"),
                 ql::Expression::Var("_"),
                 ql::Expression::Var("_"),
+                ql::Expression::Var("_"),
                 ql::Expression::Var("result"),
                 ql::Expression::Var("_"),
             ],
@@ -127,6 +122,7 @@ fn create_token_class<'a>() -> ql::Class<'a> {
                 ql::Expression::Var("_"),
                 ql::Expression::Var("_"),
                 ql::Expression::Var("_"),
+                ql::Expression::Var("_"),
                 ql::Expression::Var("result"),
             ],
         ),
@@ -149,6 +145,7 @@ fn create_token_class<'a>() -> ql::Class<'a> {
             .collect(),
         characteristic_predicate: None,
         predicates: vec![
+            get_parent,
             get_value,
             get_location,
             to_string,
@@ -262,7 +259,7 @@ fn create_get_field_expr_for_column_storage<'a>(
     column_index: usize,
     arity: usize,
 ) -> ql::Expression<'a> {
-    let num_underscores_before = column_index - 1;
+    let num_underscores_before = column_index;
     let num_underscores_after = arity - 2 - num_underscores_before;
     ql::Expression::Pred(
         table_name,
@@ -436,10 +433,11 @@ pub fn convert_nodes<'a>(nodes: &'a node_types::NodeTypeMap) -> Vec<ql::TopLevel
                 // Count how many columns there will be in the main table.
                 // There will be:
                 // - one for the id
+                // - one for the parent
                 // - one for the location
                 // - one for each field that's stored as a column
                 // - if there are no fields, one for the text column.
-                let main_table_arity = 2 + if fields.is_empty() {
+                let main_table_arity = 3 + if fields.is_empty() {
                     1
                 } else {
                     fields
@@ -489,6 +487,18 @@ pub fn convert_nodes<'a>(nodes: &'a node_types::NodeTypeMap) -> Vec<ql::TopLevel
                         get_child_exprs.push(get_child_expr);
                     }
 
+                    main_class.predicates.push(ql::Predicate {
+                        name: "getParent",
+                        overridden: true,
+                        return_type: Some(ql::Type::Normal("AstNode")),
+                        formal_parameters: vec![],
+                        body: create_get_field_expr_for_column_storage(
+                            &main_table_name,
+                            0,
+                            main_table_arity,
+                        ),
+                    });
+
                     main_class.predicates.push(ql::Predicate {
                         name: "getAFieldOrChild",
                         overridden: true,
diff --git a/ql/src/codeql_ruby/ast.qll b/ql/src/codeql_ruby/ast.qll
index 96ca104eccc..6e8839cf97d 100644
--- a/ql/src/codeql_ruby/ast.qll
+++ b/ql/src/codeql_ruby/ast.qll
@@ -11,9 +11,7 @@ class AstNode extends @ast_node {
 
   Location getLocation() { none() }
 
-  AstNode getParent() {
-    result = unique(AstNode parent | this = parent.getAFieldOrChild() | parent)
-  }
+  AstNode getParent() { none() }
 
   AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { none() }
 
@@ -21,9 +19,11 @@ class AstNode extends @ast_node {
 }
 
 class Token extends @token, AstNode {
-  string getValue() { tokeninfo(this, _, _, _, result, _) }
+  override AstNode getParent() { tokeninfo(this, result, _, _, _, _, _) }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { tokeninfo(this, _, _, _, _, result) }
+  string getValue() { tokeninfo(this, _, _, _, _, result, _) }
+
+  override Location getLocation() { tokeninfo(this, _, _, _, _, _, result) }
 
   override string toString() { result = getValue() }
 
@@ -49,192 +49,226 @@ class UnderscoreVariable extends @underscore_variable, AstNode { }
 class Alias extends @alias, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Alias" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { alias_def(this, _, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { alias_def(this, _, _, _, result) }
 
-  UnderscoreMethodName getAlias() { alias_def(this, result, _, _) }
+  UnderscoreMethodName getAlias() { alias_def(this, _, result, _, _) }
 
-  UnderscoreMethodName getName() { alias_def(this, _, result, _) }
+  UnderscoreMethodName getName() { alias_def(this, _, _, result, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getParent() { alias_def(this, result, _, _, _) }
 
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    alias_def(this, result, _, _) or alias_def(this, _, result, _)
+    alias_def(this, _, result, _, _) or alias_def(this, _, _, result, _)
   }
 }
 
 class ArgumentList extends @argument_list, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "ArgumentList" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { argument_list_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { argument_list_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { argument_list_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { argument_list_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { argument_list_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class Array extends @array, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Array" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { array_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { array_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { array_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { array_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { array_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class Assignment extends @assignment, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Assignment" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { assignment_def(this, _, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { assignment_def(this, _, _, _, result) }
 
-  AstNode getLeft() { assignment_def(this, result, _, _) }
+  AstNode getLeft() { assignment_def(this, _, result, _, _) }
 
-  AstNode getRight() { assignment_def(this, _, result, _) }
+  AstNode getRight() { assignment_def(this, _, _, result, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getParent() { assignment_def(this, result, _, _, _) }
 
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    assignment_def(this, result, _, _) or assignment_def(this, _, result, _)
+    assignment_def(this, _, result, _, _) or assignment_def(this, _, _, result, _)
   }
 }
 
 class BareString extends @bare_string, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "BareString" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { bare_string_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { bare_string_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { bare_string_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { bare_string_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { bare_string_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class BareSymbol extends @bare_symbol, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "BareSymbol" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { bare_symbol_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { bare_symbol_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { bare_symbol_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { bare_symbol_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { bare_symbol_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class Begin extends @begin, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Begin" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { begin_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { begin_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { begin_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { begin_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { begin_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class BeginBlock extends @begin_block, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "BeginBlock" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { begin_block_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { begin_block_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { begin_block_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { begin_block_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { begin_block_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class Binary extends @binary, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Binary" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { binary_def(this, _, _, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { binary_def(this, _, _, _, _, result) }
 
-  AstNode getLeft() { binary_def(this, result, _, _, _) }
+  AstNode getLeft() { binary_def(this, _, result, _, _, _) }
 
-  AstNode getOperator() { binary_def(this, _, result, _, _) }
+  AstNode getOperator() { binary_def(this, _, _, result, _, _) }
 
-  AstNode getRight() { binary_def(this, _, _, result, _) }
+  AstNode getRight() { binary_def(this, _, _, _, result, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getParent() { binary_def(this, result, _, _, _, _) }
 
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    binary_def(this, result, _, _, _) or
-    binary_def(this, _, result, _, _) or
-    binary_def(this, _, _, result, _)
+    binary_def(this, _, result, _, _, _) or
+    binary_def(this, _, _, result, _, _) or
+    binary_def(this, _, _, _, result, _)
   }
 }
 
 class Block extends @block, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Block" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { block_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { block_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { block_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { block_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { block_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class BlockArgument extends @block_argument, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "BlockArgument" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { block_argument_def(this, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { block_argument_def(this, _, _, result) }
 
-  UnderscoreArg getChild() { block_argument_def(this, result, _) }
+  UnderscoreArg getChild() { block_argument_def(this, _, result, _) }
 
-  override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { block_argument_def(this, result, _) }
+  override AstNode getParent() { block_argument_def(this, result, _, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { block_argument_def(this, _, result, _) }
 }
 
 class BlockParameter extends @block_parameter, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "BlockParameter" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { block_parameter_def(this, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { block_parameter_def(this, _, _, result) }
 
-  Identifier getName() { block_parameter_def(this, result, _) }
+  Identifier getName() { block_parameter_def(this, _, result, _) }
 
-  override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { block_parameter_def(this, result, _) }
+  override AstNode getParent() { block_parameter_def(this, result, _, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { block_parameter_def(this, _, result, _) }
 }
 
 class BlockParameters extends @block_parameters, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "BlockParameters" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { block_parameters_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { block_parameters_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { block_parameters_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { block_parameters_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { block_parameters_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class Break extends @break, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Break" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { break_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { break_def(this, _, result) }
 
   ArgumentList getChild() { break_child(this, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { break_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { break_child(this, result) }
 }
 
 class Call extends @call, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Call" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { call_def(this, _, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { call_def(this, _, _, _, result) }
 
-  AstNode getMethod() { call_def(this, result, _, _) }
+  AstNode getMethod() { call_def(this, _, result, _, _) }
 
-  AstNode getReceiver() { call_def(this, _, result, _) }
+  AstNode getReceiver() { call_def(this, _, _, result, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getParent() { call_def(this, result, _, _, _) }
 
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    call_def(this, result, _, _) or call_def(this, _, result, _)
+    call_def(this, _, result, _, _) or call_def(this, _, _, result, _)
   }
 }
 
 class Case extends @case__, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Case" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { case_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { case_def(this, _, result) }
 
   UnderscoreStatement getValue() { case_value(this, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { case_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { case_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { case_value(this, result) or case_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class ChainedString extends @chained_string, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "ChainedString" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { chained_string_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { chained_string_def(this, _, result) }
 
   String getChild(int i) { chained_string_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { chained_string_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { chained_string_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
@@ -245,13 +279,17 @@ class Character extends @token_character, Token {
 class Class extends @class, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Class" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { class_def(this, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { class_def(this, _, _, result) }
 
-  AstNode getName() { class_def(this, result, _) }
+  AstNode getName() { class_def(this, _, result, _) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { class_child(this, i, result) }
 
-  override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { class_def(this, result, _) or class_child(this, _, result) }
+  override AstNode getParent() { class_def(this, result, _, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
+    class_def(this, _, result, _) or class_child(this, _, result)
+  }
 }
 
 class ClassVariable extends @token_class_variable, Token {
@@ -269,18 +307,20 @@ class Complex extends @token_complex, Token {
 class Conditional extends @conditional, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Conditional" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { conditional_def(this, _, _, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { conditional_def(this, _, _, _, _, result) }
 
-  UnderscoreArg getAlternative() { conditional_def(this, result, _, _, _) }
+  UnderscoreArg getAlternative() { conditional_def(this, _, result, _, _, _) }
 
-  UnderscoreArg getCondition() { conditional_def(this, _, result, _, _) }
+  UnderscoreArg getCondition() { conditional_def(this, _, _, result, _, _) }
 
-  UnderscoreArg getConsequence() { conditional_def(this, _, _, result, _) }
+  UnderscoreArg getConsequence() { conditional_def(this, _, _, _, result, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getParent() { conditional_def(this, result, _, _, _, _) }
 
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    conditional_def(this, result, _, _, _) or
-    conditional_def(this, _, result, _, _) or
-    conditional_def(this, _, _, result, _)
+    conditional_def(this, _, result, _, _, _) or
+    conditional_def(this, _, _, result, _, _) or
+    conditional_def(this, _, _, _, result, _)
   }
 }
 
@@ -291,80 +331,96 @@ class Constant extends @token_constant, Token {
 class DestructuredLeftAssignment extends @destructured_left_assignment, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "DestructuredLeftAssignment" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { destructured_left_assignment_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { destructured_left_assignment_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { destructured_left_assignment_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { destructured_left_assignment_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { destructured_left_assignment_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class DestructuredParameter extends @destructured_parameter, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "DestructuredParameter" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { destructured_parameter_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { destructured_parameter_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { destructured_parameter_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { destructured_parameter_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { destructured_parameter_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class Do extends @do, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Do" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { do_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { do_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { do_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { do_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { do_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class DoBlock extends @do_block, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "DoBlock" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { do_block_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { do_block_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { do_block_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { do_block_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { do_block_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class ElementReference extends @element_reference, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "ElementReference" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { element_reference_def(this, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { element_reference_def(this, _, _, result) }
 
-  UnderscorePrimary getObject() { element_reference_def(this, result, _) }
+  UnderscorePrimary getObject() { element_reference_def(this, _, result, _) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { element_reference_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { element_reference_def(this, result, _, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    element_reference_def(this, result, _) or element_reference_child(this, _, result)
+    element_reference_def(this, _, result, _) or element_reference_child(this, _, result)
   }
 }
 
 class Else extends @else, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Else" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { else_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { else_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { else_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { else_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { else_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class Elsif extends @elsif, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Elsif" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { elsif_def(this, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { elsif_def(this, _, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getAlternative() { elsif_alternative(this, result) }
 
-  UnderscoreStatement getCondition() { elsif_def(this, result, _) }
+  UnderscoreStatement getCondition() { elsif_def(this, _, result, _) }
 
   Then getConsequence() { elsif_consequence(this, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { elsif_def(this, result, _, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    elsif_alternative(this, result) or elsif_def(this, result, _) or elsif_consequence(this, result)
+    elsif_alternative(this, result) or
+    elsif_def(this, _, result, _) or
+    elsif_consequence(this, result)
   }
 }
 
@@ -375,20 +431,24 @@ class EmptyStatement extends @token_empty_statement, Token {
 class EndBlock extends @end_block, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "EndBlock" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { end_block_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { end_block_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { end_block_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { end_block_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { end_block_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class Ensure extends @ensure, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Ensure" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { ensure_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { ensure_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { ensure_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { ensure_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { ensure_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
@@ -399,20 +459,24 @@ class EscapeSequence extends @token_escape_sequence, Token {
 class ExceptionVariable extends @exception_variable, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "ExceptionVariable" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { exception_variable_def(this, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { exception_variable_def(this, _, _, result) }
 
-  UnderscoreLhs getChild() { exception_variable_def(this, result, _) }
+  UnderscoreLhs getChild() { exception_variable_def(this, _, result, _) }
 
-  override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { exception_variable_def(this, result, _) }
+  override AstNode getParent() { exception_variable_def(this, result, _, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { exception_variable_def(this, _, result, _) }
 }
 
 class Exceptions extends @exceptions, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Exceptions" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { exceptions_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { exceptions_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { exceptions_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { exceptions_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { exceptions_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
@@ -427,16 +491,18 @@ class Float extends @token_float, Token {
 class For extends @for, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "For" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { for_def(this, _, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { for_def(this, _, _, _, result) }
 
-  Do getBody() { for_def(this, result, _, _) }
+  Do getBody() { for_def(this, _, result, _, _) }
 
   AstNode getPattern(int i) { for_pattern(this, i, result) }
 
-  In getValue() { for_def(this, _, result, _) }
+  In getValue() { for_def(this, _, _, result, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getParent() { for_def(this, result, _, _, _) }
 
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    for_def(this, result, _, _) or for_pattern(this, _, result) or for_def(this, _, result, _)
+    for_def(this, _, result, _, _) or for_pattern(this, _, result) or for_def(this, _, _, result, _)
   }
 }
 
@@ -447,30 +513,36 @@ class GlobalVariable extends @token_global_variable, Token {
 class Hash extends @hash, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Hash" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { hash_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { hash_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { hash_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { hash_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { hash_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class HashSplatArgument extends @hash_splat_argument, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "HashSplatArgument" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { hash_splat_argument_def(this, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { hash_splat_argument_def(this, _, _, result) }
 
-  UnderscoreArg getChild() { hash_splat_argument_def(this, result, _) }
+  UnderscoreArg getChild() { hash_splat_argument_def(this, _, result, _) }
 
-  override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { hash_splat_argument_def(this, result, _) }
+  override AstNode getParent() { hash_splat_argument_def(this, result, _, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { hash_splat_argument_def(this, _, result, _) }
 }
 
 class HashSplatParameter extends @hash_splat_parameter, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "HashSplatParameter" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { hash_splat_parameter_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { hash_splat_parameter_def(this, _, result) }
 
   Identifier getName() { hash_splat_parameter_name(this, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { hash_splat_parameter_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { hash_splat_parameter_name(this, result) }
 }
 
@@ -481,10 +553,12 @@ class HeredocBeginning extends @token_heredoc_beginning, Token {
 class HeredocBody extends @heredoc_body, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "HeredocBody" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { heredoc_body_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { heredoc_body_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { heredoc_body_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { heredoc_body_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { heredoc_body_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
@@ -503,41 +577,47 @@ class Identifier extends @token_identifier, Token {
 class If extends @if, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "If" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { if_def(this, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { if_def(this, _, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getAlternative() { if_alternative(this, result) }
 
-  UnderscoreStatement getCondition() { if_def(this, result, _) }
+  UnderscoreStatement getCondition() { if_def(this, _, result, _) }
 
   Then getConsequence() { if_consequence(this, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { if_def(this, result, _, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    if_alternative(this, result) or if_def(this, result, _) or if_consequence(this, result)
+    if_alternative(this, result) or if_def(this, _, result, _) or if_consequence(this, result)
   }
 }
 
 class IfModifier extends @if_modifier, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "IfModifier" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { if_modifier_def(this, _, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { if_modifier_def(this, _, _, _, result) }
 
-  UnderscoreStatement getBody() { if_modifier_def(this, result, _, _) }
+  UnderscoreStatement getBody() { if_modifier_def(this, _, result, _, _) }
 
-  AstNode getCondition() { if_modifier_def(this, _, result, _) }
+  AstNode getCondition() { if_modifier_def(this, _, _, result, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getParent() { if_modifier_def(this, result, _, _, _) }
 
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    if_modifier_def(this, result, _, _) or if_modifier_def(this, _, result, _)
+    if_modifier_def(this, _, result, _, _) or if_modifier_def(this, _, _, result, _)
   }
 }
 
 class In extends @in, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "In" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { in_def(this, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { in_def(this, _, _, result) }
 
-  UnderscoreArg getChild() { in_def(this, result, _) }
+  UnderscoreArg getChild() { in_def(this, _, result, _) }
 
-  override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { in_def(this, result, _) }
+  override AstNode getParent() { in_def(this, result, _, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { in_def(this, _, result, _) }
 }
 
 class InstanceVariable extends @token_instance_variable, Token {
@@ -551,126 +631,148 @@ class Integer extends @token_integer, Token {
 class Interpolation extends @interpolation, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Interpolation" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { interpolation_def(this, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { interpolation_def(this, _, _, result) }
 
-  UnderscoreStatement getChild() { interpolation_def(this, result, _) }
+  UnderscoreStatement getChild() { interpolation_def(this, _, result, _) }
 
-  override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { interpolation_def(this, result, _) }
+  override AstNode getParent() { interpolation_def(this, result, _, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { interpolation_def(this, _, result, _) }
 }
 
 class KeywordParameter extends @keyword_parameter, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "KeywordParameter" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { keyword_parameter_def(this, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { keyword_parameter_def(this, _, _, result) }
 
-  Identifier getName() { keyword_parameter_def(this, result, _) }
+  Identifier getName() { keyword_parameter_def(this, _, result, _) }
 
   UnderscoreArg getValue() { keyword_parameter_value(this, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { keyword_parameter_def(this, result, _, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    keyword_parameter_def(this, result, _) or keyword_parameter_value(this, result)
+    keyword_parameter_def(this, _, result, _) or keyword_parameter_value(this, result)
   }
 }
 
 class Lambda extends @lambda, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Lambda" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { lambda_def(this, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { lambda_def(this, _, _, result) }
 
-  AstNode getBody() { lambda_def(this, result, _) }
+  AstNode getBody() { lambda_def(this, _, result, _) }
 
   LambdaParameters getParameters() { lambda_parameters(this, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { lambda_def(this, result, _, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    lambda_def(this, result, _) or lambda_parameters(this, result)
+    lambda_def(this, _, result, _) or lambda_parameters(this, result)
   }
 }
 
 class LambdaParameters extends @lambda_parameters, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "LambdaParameters" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { lambda_parameters_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { lambda_parameters_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { lambda_parameters_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { lambda_parameters_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { lambda_parameters_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class LeftAssignmentList extends @left_assignment_list, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "LeftAssignmentList" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { left_assignment_list_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { left_assignment_list_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { left_assignment_list_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { left_assignment_list_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { left_assignment_list_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class Method extends @method, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Method" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { method_def(this, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { method_def(this, _, _, result) }
 
-  UnderscoreMethodName getName() { method_def(this, result, _) }
+  UnderscoreMethodName getName() { method_def(this, _, result, _) }
 
   MethodParameters getParameters() { method_parameters(this, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { method_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { method_def(this, result, _, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    method_def(this, result, _) or method_parameters(this, result) or method_child(this, _, result)
+    method_def(this, _, result, _) or
+    method_parameters(this, result) or
+    method_child(this, _, result)
   }
 }
 
 class MethodCall extends @method_call, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "MethodCall" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { method_call_def(this, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { method_call_def(this, _, _, result) }
 
   ArgumentList getArguments() { method_call_arguments(this, result) }
 
   AstNode getBlock() { method_call_block(this, result) }
 
-  AstNode getMethod() { method_call_def(this, result, _) }
+  AstNode getMethod() { method_call_def(this, _, result, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getParent() { method_call_def(this, result, _, _) }
 
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
     method_call_arguments(this, result) or
     method_call_block(this, result) or
-    method_call_def(this, result, _)
+    method_call_def(this, _, result, _)
   }
 }
 
 class MethodParameters extends @method_parameters, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "MethodParameters" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { method_parameters_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { method_parameters_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { method_parameters_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { method_parameters_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { method_parameters_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class Module extends @module, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Module" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { module_def(this, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { module_def(this, _, _, result) }
 
-  AstNode getName() { module_def(this, result, _) }
+  AstNode getName() { module_def(this, _, result, _) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { module_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { module_def(this, result, _, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    module_def(this, result, _) or module_child(this, _, result)
+    module_def(this, _, result, _) or module_child(this, _, result)
   }
 }
 
 class Next extends @next, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Next" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { next_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { next_def(this, _, result) }
 
   ArgumentList getChild() { next_child(this, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { next_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { next_child(this, result) }
 }
 
@@ -685,119 +787,139 @@ class Operator extends @token_operator, Token {
 class OperatorAssignment extends @operator_assignment, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "OperatorAssignment" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { operator_assignment_def(this, _, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { operator_assignment_def(this, _, _, _, result) }
 
-  UnderscoreLhs getLeft() { operator_assignment_def(this, result, _, _) }
+  UnderscoreLhs getLeft() { operator_assignment_def(this, _, result, _, _) }
 
-  AstNode getRight() { operator_assignment_def(this, _, result, _) }
+  AstNode getRight() { operator_assignment_def(this, _, _, result, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getParent() { operator_assignment_def(this, result, _, _, _) }
 
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    operator_assignment_def(this, result, _, _) or operator_assignment_def(this, _, result, _)
+    operator_assignment_def(this, _, result, _, _) or operator_assignment_def(this, _, _, result, _)
   }
 }
 
 class OptionalParameter extends @optional_parameter, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "OptionalParameter" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { optional_parameter_def(this, _, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { optional_parameter_def(this, _, _, _, result) }
 
-  Identifier getName() { optional_parameter_def(this, result, _, _) }
+  Identifier getName() { optional_parameter_def(this, _, result, _, _) }
 
-  UnderscoreArg getValue() { optional_parameter_def(this, _, result, _) }
+  UnderscoreArg getValue() { optional_parameter_def(this, _, _, result, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getParent() { optional_parameter_def(this, result, _, _, _) }
 
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    optional_parameter_def(this, result, _, _) or optional_parameter_def(this, _, result, _)
+    optional_parameter_def(this, _, result, _, _) or optional_parameter_def(this, _, _, result, _)
   }
 }
 
 class Pair extends @pair, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Pair" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { pair_def(this, _, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { pair_def(this, _, _, _, result) }
 
-  AstNode getKey() { pair_def(this, result, _, _) }
+  AstNode getKey() { pair_def(this, _, result, _, _) }
 
-  UnderscoreArg getValue() { pair_def(this, _, result, _) }
+  UnderscoreArg getValue() { pair_def(this, _, _, result, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getParent() { pair_def(this, result, _, _, _) }
 
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    pair_def(this, result, _, _) or pair_def(this, _, result, _)
+    pair_def(this, _, result, _, _) or pair_def(this, _, _, result, _)
   }
 }
 
 class ParenthesizedStatements extends @parenthesized_statements, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "ParenthesizedStatements" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { parenthesized_statements_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { parenthesized_statements_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { parenthesized_statements_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { parenthesized_statements_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { parenthesized_statements_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class Pattern extends @pattern, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Pattern" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { pattern_def(this, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { pattern_def(this, _, _, result) }
 
-  AstNode getChild() { pattern_def(this, result, _) }
+  AstNode getChild() { pattern_def(this, _, result, _) }
 
-  override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { pattern_def(this, result, _) }
+  override AstNode getParent() { pattern_def(this, result, _, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { pattern_def(this, _, result, _) }
 }
 
 class Program extends @program, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Program" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { program_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { program_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { program_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { program_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { program_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class Range extends @range, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Range" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { range_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { range_def(this, _, result) }
 
   UnderscoreArg getChild(int i) { range_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { range_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { range_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class Rational extends @rational, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Rational" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { rational_def(this, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { rational_def(this, _, _, result) }
 
-  Integer getChild() { rational_def(this, result, _) }
+  Integer getChild() { rational_def(this, _, result, _) }
 
-  override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { rational_def(this, result, _) }
+  override AstNode getParent() { rational_def(this, result, _, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { rational_def(this, _, result, _) }
 }
 
 class Redo extends @redo, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Redo" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { redo_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { redo_def(this, _, result) }
 
   ArgumentList getChild() { redo_child(this, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { redo_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { redo_child(this, result) }
 }
 
 class Regex extends @regex, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Regex" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { regex_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { regex_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { regex_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { regex_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { regex_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class Rescue extends @rescue, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Rescue" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { rescue_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { rescue_def(this, _, result) }
 
   Then getBody() { rescue_body(this, result) }
 
@@ -805,6 +927,8 @@ class Rescue extends @rescue, AstNode {
 
   ExceptionVariable getVariable() { rescue_variable(this, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { rescue_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
     rescue_body(this, result) or rescue_exceptions(this, result) or rescue_variable(this, result)
   }
@@ -813,68 +937,80 @@ class Rescue extends @rescue, AstNode {
 class RescueModifier extends @rescue_modifier, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "RescueModifier" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { rescue_modifier_def(this, _, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { rescue_modifier_def(this, _, _, _, result) }
 
-  UnderscoreStatement getBody() { rescue_modifier_def(this, result, _, _) }
+  UnderscoreStatement getBody() { rescue_modifier_def(this, _, result, _, _) }
 
-  AstNode getHandler() { rescue_modifier_def(this, _, result, _) }
+  AstNode getHandler() { rescue_modifier_def(this, _, _, result, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getParent() { rescue_modifier_def(this, result, _, _, _) }
 
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    rescue_modifier_def(this, result, _, _) or rescue_modifier_def(this, _, result, _)
+    rescue_modifier_def(this, _, result, _, _) or rescue_modifier_def(this, _, _, result, _)
   }
 }
 
 class RestAssignment extends @rest_assignment, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "RestAssignment" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { rest_assignment_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { rest_assignment_def(this, _, result) }
 
   UnderscoreLhs getChild() { rest_assignment_child(this, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { rest_assignment_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { rest_assignment_child(this, result) }
 }
 
 class Retry extends @retry, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Retry" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { retry_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { retry_def(this, _, result) }
 
   ArgumentList getChild() { retry_child(this, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { retry_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { retry_child(this, result) }
 }
 
 class Return extends @return, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Return" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { return_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { return_def(this, _, result) }
 
   ArgumentList getChild() { return_child(this, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { return_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { return_child(this, result) }
 }
 
 class RightAssignmentList extends @right_assignment_list, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "RightAssignmentList" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { right_assignment_list_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { right_assignment_list_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { right_assignment_list_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { right_assignment_list_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { right_assignment_list_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class ScopeResolution extends @scope_resolution, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "ScopeResolution" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { scope_resolution_def(this, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { scope_resolution_def(this, _, _, result) }
 
-  AstNode getName() { scope_resolution_def(this, result, _) }
+  AstNode getName() { scope_resolution_def(this, _, result, _) }
 
   UnderscorePrimary getScope() { scope_resolution_scope(this, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { scope_resolution_def(this, result, _, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    scope_resolution_def(this, result, _) or scope_resolution_scope(this, result)
+    scope_resolution_def(this, _, result, _) or scope_resolution_scope(this, result)
   }
 }
 
@@ -885,43 +1021,49 @@ class Self extends @token_self, Token {
 class Setter extends @setter, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Setter" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { setter_def(this, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { setter_def(this, _, _, result) }
 
-  Identifier getChild() { setter_def(this, result, _) }
+  Identifier getChild() { setter_def(this, _, result, _) }
 
-  override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { setter_def(this, result, _) }
+  override AstNode getParent() { setter_def(this, result, _, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { setter_def(this, _, result, _) }
 }
 
 class SingletonClass extends @singleton_class, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "SingletonClass" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { singleton_class_def(this, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { singleton_class_def(this, _, _, result) }
 
-  UnderscoreArg getValue() { singleton_class_def(this, result, _) }
+  UnderscoreArg getValue() { singleton_class_def(this, _, result, _) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { singleton_class_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { singleton_class_def(this, result, _, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    singleton_class_def(this, result, _) or singleton_class_child(this, _, result)
+    singleton_class_def(this, _, result, _) or singleton_class_child(this, _, result)
   }
 }
 
 class SingletonMethod extends @singleton_method, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "SingletonMethod" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { singleton_method_def(this, _, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { singleton_method_def(this, _, _, _, result) }
 
-  UnderscoreMethodName getName() { singleton_method_def(this, result, _, _) }
+  UnderscoreMethodName getName() { singleton_method_def(this, _, result, _, _) }
 
-  AstNode getObject() { singleton_method_def(this, _, result, _) }
+  AstNode getObject() { singleton_method_def(this, _, _, result, _) }
 
   MethodParameters getParameters() { singleton_method_parameters(this, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { singleton_method_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { singleton_method_def(this, result, _, _, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    singleton_method_def(this, result, _, _) or
-    singleton_method_def(this, _, result, _) or
+    singleton_method_def(this, _, result, _, _) or
+    singleton_method_def(this, _, _, result, _) or
     singleton_method_parameters(this, result) or
     singleton_method_child(this, _, result)
   }
@@ -930,40 +1072,48 @@ class SingletonMethod extends @singleton_method, AstNode {
 class SplatArgument extends @splat_argument, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "SplatArgument" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { splat_argument_def(this, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { splat_argument_def(this, _, _, result) }
 
-  UnderscoreArg getChild() { splat_argument_def(this, result, _) }
+  UnderscoreArg getChild() { splat_argument_def(this, _, result, _) }
 
-  override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { splat_argument_def(this, result, _) }
+  override AstNode getParent() { splat_argument_def(this, result, _, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { splat_argument_def(this, _, result, _) }
 }
 
 class SplatParameter extends @splat_parameter, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "SplatParameter" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { splat_parameter_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { splat_parameter_def(this, _, result) }
 
   Identifier getName() { splat_parameter_name(this, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { splat_parameter_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { splat_parameter_name(this, result) }
 }
 
 class String extends @string__, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "String" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { string_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { string_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { string_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { string_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { string_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class StringArray extends @string_array, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "StringArray" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { string_array_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { string_array_def(this, _, result) }
 
   BareString getChild(int i) { string_array_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { string_array_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { string_array_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
@@ -974,10 +1124,12 @@ class StringContent extends @token_string_content, Token {
 class Subshell extends @subshell, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Subshell" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { subshell_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { subshell_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { subshell_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { subshell_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { subshell_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
@@ -988,40 +1140,48 @@ class Super extends @token_super, Token {
 class Superclass extends @superclass, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Superclass" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { superclass_def(this, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { superclass_def(this, _, _, result) }
 
-  AstNode getChild() { superclass_def(this, result, _) }
+  AstNode getChild() { superclass_def(this, _, result, _) }
 
-  override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { superclass_def(this, result, _) }
+  override AstNode getParent() { superclass_def(this, result, _, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { superclass_def(this, _, result, _) }
 }
 
 class Symbol extends @symbol, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Symbol" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { symbol_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { symbol_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { symbol_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { symbol_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { symbol_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class SymbolArray extends @symbol_array, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "SymbolArray" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { symbol_array_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { symbol_array_def(this, _, result) }
 
   BareSymbol getChild(int i) { symbol_array_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { symbol_array_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { symbol_array_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class Then extends @then, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Then" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { then_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { then_def(this, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getChild(int i) { then_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { then_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { then_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
@@ -1032,24 +1192,28 @@ class True extends @token_true, Token {
 class Unary extends @unary, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Unary" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { unary_def(this, _, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { unary_def(this, _, _, _, result) }
 
-  AstNode getOperand() { unary_def(this, result, _, _) }
+  AstNode getOperand() { unary_def(this, _, result, _, _) }
 
-  AstNode getOperator() { unary_def(this, _, result, _) }
+  AstNode getOperator() { unary_def(this, _, _, result, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getParent() { unary_def(this, result, _, _, _) }
 
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    unary_def(this, result, _, _) or unary_def(this, _, result, _)
+    unary_def(this, _, result, _, _) or unary_def(this, _, _, result, _)
   }
 }
 
 class Undef extends @undef, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Undef" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { undef_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { undef_def(this, _, result) }
 
   UnderscoreMethodName getChild(int i) { undef_child(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { undef_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { undef_child(this, _, result) }
 }
 
@@ -1060,17 +1224,19 @@ class Uninterpreted extends @token_uninterpreted, Token {
 class Unless extends @unless, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Unless" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { unless_def(this, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { unless_def(this, _, _, result) }
 
   AstNode getAlternative() { unless_alternative(this, result) }
 
-  UnderscoreStatement getCondition() { unless_def(this, result, _) }
+  UnderscoreStatement getCondition() { unless_def(this, _, result, _) }
 
   Then getConsequence() { unless_consequence(this, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { unless_def(this, result, _, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
     unless_alternative(this, result) or
-    unless_def(this, result, _) or
+    unless_def(this, _, result, _) or
     unless_consequence(this, result)
   }
 }
@@ -1078,91 +1244,105 @@ class Unless extends @unless, AstNode {
 class UnlessModifier extends @unless_modifier, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "UnlessModifier" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { unless_modifier_def(this, _, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { unless_modifier_def(this, _, _, _, result) }
 
-  UnderscoreStatement getBody() { unless_modifier_def(this, result, _, _) }
+  UnderscoreStatement getBody() { unless_modifier_def(this, _, result, _, _) }
 
-  AstNode getCondition() { unless_modifier_def(this, _, result, _) }
+  AstNode getCondition() { unless_modifier_def(this, _, _, result, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getParent() { unless_modifier_def(this, result, _, _, _) }
 
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    unless_modifier_def(this, result, _, _) or unless_modifier_def(this, _, result, _)
+    unless_modifier_def(this, _, result, _, _) or unless_modifier_def(this, _, _, result, _)
   }
 }
 
 class Until extends @until, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Until" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { until_def(this, _, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { until_def(this, _, _, _, result) }
 
-  Do getBody() { until_def(this, result, _, _) }
+  Do getBody() { until_def(this, _, result, _, _) }
 
-  UnderscoreStatement getCondition() { until_def(this, _, result, _) }
+  UnderscoreStatement getCondition() { until_def(this, _, _, result, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getParent() { until_def(this, result, _, _, _) }
 
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    until_def(this, result, _, _) or until_def(this, _, result, _)
+    until_def(this, _, result, _, _) or until_def(this, _, _, result, _)
   }
 }
 
 class UntilModifier extends @until_modifier, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "UntilModifier" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { until_modifier_def(this, _, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { until_modifier_def(this, _, _, _, result) }
 
-  UnderscoreStatement getBody() { until_modifier_def(this, result, _, _) }
+  UnderscoreStatement getBody() { until_modifier_def(this, _, result, _, _) }
 
-  AstNode getCondition() { until_modifier_def(this, _, result, _) }
+  AstNode getCondition() { until_modifier_def(this, _, _, result, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getParent() { until_modifier_def(this, result, _, _, _) }
 
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    until_modifier_def(this, result, _, _) or until_modifier_def(this, _, result, _)
+    until_modifier_def(this, _, result, _, _) or until_modifier_def(this, _, _, result, _)
   }
 }
 
 class When extends @when, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "When" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { when_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { when_def(this, _, result) }
 
   Then getBody() { when_body(this, result) }
 
   AstNode getPattern(int i) { when_pattern(this, i, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { when_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { when_body(this, result) or when_pattern(this, _, result) }
 }
 
 class While extends @while, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "While" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { while_def(this, _, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { while_def(this, _, _, _, result) }
 
-  Do getBody() { while_def(this, result, _, _) }
+  Do getBody() { while_def(this, _, result, _, _) }
 
-  UnderscoreStatement getCondition() { while_def(this, _, result, _) }
+  UnderscoreStatement getCondition() { while_def(this, _, _, result, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getParent() { while_def(this, result, _, _, _) }
 
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    while_def(this, result, _, _) or while_def(this, _, result, _)
+    while_def(this, _, result, _, _) or while_def(this, _, _, result, _)
   }
 }
 
 class WhileModifier extends @while_modifier, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "WhileModifier" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { while_modifier_def(this, _, _, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { while_modifier_def(this, _, _, _, result) }
 
-  UnderscoreStatement getBody() { while_modifier_def(this, result, _, _) }
+  UnderscoreStatement getBody() { while_modifier_def(this, _, result, _, _) }
 
-  AstNode getCondition() { while_modifier_def(this, _, result, _) }
+  AstNode getCondition() { while_modifier_def(this, _, _, result, _) }
+
+  override AstNode getParent() { while_modifier_def(this, result, _, _, _) }
 
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() {
-    while_modifier_def(this, result, _, _) or while_modifier_def(this, _, result, _)
+    while_modifier_def(this, _, result, _, _) or while_modifier_def(this, _, _, result, _)
   }
 }
 
 class Yield extends @yield, AstNode {
   override string describeQlClass() { result = "Yield" }
 
-  override Location getLocation() { yield_def(this, result) }
+  override Location getLocation() { yield_def(this, _, result) }
 
   ArgumentList getChild() { yield_child(this, result) }
 
+  override AstNode getParent() { yield_def(this, result, _) }
+
   override AstNode getAFieldOrChild() { yield_child(this, result) }
 }
diff --git a/ql/src/ruby.dbscheme b/ql/src/ruby.dbscheme
index ba7bfe41dc6..76981b9126b 100644
--- a/ql/src/ruby.dbscheme
+++ b/ql/src/ruby.dbscheme
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ sourceLocationPrefix(
 
 alias_def(
   unique int id: @alias,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int alias: @underscore_method_name ref,
   int name: @underscore_method_name ref,
   int loc: @location ref
@@ -76,6 +77,7 @@ argument_list_child(
 
 argument_list_def(
   unique int id: @argument_list,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -90,6 +92,7 @@ array_child(
 
 array_def(
   unique int id: @array,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -99,6 +102,7 @@ array_def(
 
 assignment_def(
   unique int id: @assignment,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int left: @assignment_left_type ref,
   int right: @assignment_right_type ref,
   int loc: @location ref
@@ -115,6 +119,7 @@ bare_string_child(
 
 bare_string_def(
   unique int id: @bare_string,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -129,6 +134,7 @@ bare_symbol_child(
 
 bare_symbol_def(
   unique int id: @bare_symbol,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -143,6 +149,7 @@ begin_child(
 
 begin_def(
   unique int id: @begin,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -157,6 +164,7 @@ begin_block_child(
 
 begin_block_def(
   unique int id: @begin_block,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -168,6 +176,7 @@ begin_block_def(
 
 binary_def(
   unique int id: @binary,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int left: @binary_left_type ref,
   int operator: @binary_operator_type ref,
   int right: @binary_right_type ref,
@@ -185,17 +194,20 @@ block_child(
 
 block_def(
   unique int id: @block,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
 block_argument_def(
   unique int id: @block_argument,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int child: @underscore_arg ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
 block_parameter_def(
   unique int id: @block_parameter,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int name: @token_identifier ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
@@ -211,6 +223,7 @@ block_parameters_child(
 
 block_parameters_def(
   unique int id: @block_parameters,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -221,6 +234,7 @@ break_child(
 
 break_def(
   unique int id: @break,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -230,6 +244,7 @@ break_def(
 
 call_def(
   unique int id: @call,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int method: @call_method_type ref,
   int receiver: @call_receiver_type ref,
   int loc: @location ref
@@ -251,6 +266,7 @@ case_child(
 
 case_def(
   unique int id: @case__,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -263,6 +279,7 @@ chained_string_child(
 
 chained_string_def(
   unique int id: @chained_string,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -279,12 +296,14 @@ class_child(
 
 class_def(
   unique int id: @class,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int name: @class_name_type ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
 conditional_def(
   unique int id: @conditional,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int alternative: @underscore_arg ref,
   int condition: @underscore_arg ref,
   int consequence: @underscore_arg ref,
@@ -302,6 +321,7 @@ destructured_left_assignment_child(
 
 destructured_left_assignment_def(
   unique int id: @destructured_left_assignment,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -316,6 +336,7 @@ destructured_parameter_child(
 
 destructured_parameter_def(
   unique int id: @destructured_parameter,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -330,6 +351,7 @@ do_child(
 
 do_def(
   unique int id: @do,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -344,6 +366,7 @@ do_block_child(
 
 do_block_def(
   unique int id: @do_block,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -358,6 +381,7 @@ element_reference_child(
 
 element_reference_def(
   unique int id: @element_reference,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int object: @underscore_primary ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
@@ -373,6 +397,7 @@ else_child(
 
 else_def(
   unique int id: @else,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -390,6 +415,7 @@ elsif_consequence(
 
 elsif_def(
   unique int id: @elsif,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int condition: @underscore_statement ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
@@ -405,6 +431,7 @@ end_block_child(
 
 end_block_def(
   unique int id: @end_block,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -419,11 +446,13 @@ ensure_child(
 
 ensure_def(
   unique int id: @ensure,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
 exception_variable_def(
   unique int id: @exception_variable,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int child: @underscore_lhs ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
@@ -439,6 +468,7 @@ exceptions_child(
 
 exceptions_def(
   unique int id: @exceptions,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -453,6 +483,7 @@ for_pattern(
 
 for_def(
   unique int id: @for,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int body: @do ref,
   int value: @in ref,
   int loc: @location ref
@@ -469,11 +500,13 @@ hash_child(
 
 hash_def(
   unique int id: @hash,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
 hash_splat_argument_def(
   unique int id: @hash_splat_argument,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int child: @underscore_arg ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
@@ -485,6 +518,7 @@ hash_splat_parameter_name(
 
 hash_splat_parameter_def(
   unique int id: @hash_splat_parameter,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -499,6 +533,7 @@ heredoc_body_child(
 
 heredoc_body_def(
   unique int id: @heredoc_body,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -516,6 +551,7 @@ if_consequence(
 
 if_def(
   unique int id: @if,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int condition: @underscore_statement ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
@@ -524,6 +560,7 @@ if_def(
 
 if_modifier_def(
   unique int id: @if_modifier,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int body: @underscore_statement ref,
   int condition: @if_modifier_condition_type ref,
   int loc: @location ref
@@ -531,12 +568,14 @@ if_modifier_def(
 
 in_def(
   unique int id: @in,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int child: @underscore_arg ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
 interpolation_def(
   unique int id: @interpolation,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int child: @underscore_statement ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
@@ -548,6 +587,7 @@ keyword_parameter_value(
 
 keyword_parameter_def(
   unique int id: @keyword_parameter,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int name: @token_identifier ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
@@ -561,6 +601,7 @@ lambda_parameters(
 
 lambda_def(
   unique int id: @lambda,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int body: @lambda_body_type ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
@@ -576,6 +617,7 @@ lambda_parameters_child(
 
 lambda_parameters_def(
   unique int id: @lambda_parameters,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -590,6 +632,7 @@ left_assignment_list_child(
 
 left_assignment_list_def(
   unique int id: @left_assignment_list,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -609,6 +652,7 @@ method_child(
 
 method_def(
   unique int id: @method,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int name: @underscore_method_name ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
@@ -629,6 +673,7 @@ method_call_block(
 
 method_call_def(
   unique int id: @method_call,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int method: @method_call_method_type ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
@@ -644,6 +689,7 @@ method_parameters_child(
 
 method_parameters_def(
   unique int id: @method_parameters,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -660,6 +706,7 @@ module_child(
 
 module_def(
   unique int id: @module,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int name: @module_name_type ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
@@ -671,6 +718,7 @@ next_child(
 
 next_def(
   unique int id: @next,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -678,6 +726,7 @@ next_def(
 
 operator_assignment_def(
   unique int id: @operator_assignment,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int left: @underscore_lhs ref,
   int right: @operator_assignment_right_type ref,
   int loc: @location ref
@@ -685,6 +734,7 @@ operator_assignment_def(
 
 optional_parameter_def(
   unique int id: @optional_parameter,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int name: @token_identifier ref,
   int value: @underscore_arg ref,
   int loc: @location ref
@@ -694,6 +744,7 @@ optional_parameter_def(
 
 pair_def(
   unique int id: @pair,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int key__: @pair_key_type ref,
   int value: @underscore_arg ref,
   int loc: @location ref
@@ -710,6 +761,7 @@ parenthesized_statements_child(
 
 parenthesized_statements_def(
   unique int id: @parenthesized_statements,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -717,6 +769,7 @@ parenthesized_statements_def(
 
 pattern_def(
   unique int id: @pattern,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int child: @pattern_child_type ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
@@ -732,6 +785,7 @@ program_child(
 
 program_def(
   unique int id: @program,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -744,11 +798,13 @@ range_child(
 
 range_def(
   unique int id: @range,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
 rational_def(
   unique int id: @rational,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int child: @token_integer ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
@@ -760,6 +816,7 @@ redo_child(
 
 redo_def(
   unique int id: @redo,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -774,6 +831,7 @@ regex_child(
 
 regex_def(
   unique int id: @regex,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -794,6 +852,7 @@ rescue_variable(
 
 rescue_def(
   unique int id: @rescue,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -801,6 +860,7 @@ rescue_def(
 
 rescue_modifier_def(
   unique int id: @rescue_modifier,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int body: @underscore_statement ref,
   int handler: @rescue_modifier_handler_type ref,
   int loc: @location ref
@@ -813,6 +873,7 @@ rest_assignment_child(
 
 rest_assignment_def(
   unique int id: @rest_assignment,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -823,6 +884,7 @@ retry_child(
 
 retry_def(
   unique int id: @retry,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -833,6 +895,7 @@ return_child(
 
 return_def(
   unique int id: @return,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -847,6 +910,7 @@ right_assignment_list_child(
 
 right_assignment_list_def(
   unique int id: @right_assignment_list,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -859,12 +923,14 @@ scope_resolution_scope(
 
 scope_resolution_def(
   unique int id: @scope_resolution,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int name: @scope_resolution_name_type ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
 setter_def(
   unique int id: @setter,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int child: @token_identifier ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
@@ -880,6 +946,7 @@ singleton_class_child(
 
 singleton_class_def(
   unique int id: @singleton_class,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int value: @underscore_arg ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
@@ -902,6 +969,7 @@ singleton_method_child(
 
 singleton_method_def(
   unique int id: @singleton_method,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int name: @underscore_method_name ref,
   int object: @singleton_method_object_type ref,
   int loc: @location ref
@@ -909,6 +977,7 @@ singleton_method_def(
 
 splat_argument_def(
   unique int id: @splat_argument,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int child: @underscore_arg ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
@@ -920,6 +989,7 @@ splat_parameter_name(
 
 splat_parameter_def(
   unique int id: @splat_parameter,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -934,6 +1004,7 @@ string_child(
 
 string_def(
   unique int id: @string__,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -946,6 +1017,7 @@ string_array_child(
 
 string_array_def(
   unique int id: @string_array,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -960,6 +1032,7 @@ subshell_child(
 
 subshell_def(
   unique int id: @subshell,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -967,6 +1040,7 @@ subshell_def(
 
 superclass_def(
   unique int id: @superclass,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int child: @superclass_child_type ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
@@ -982,6 +1056,7 @@ symbol_child(
 
 symbol_def(
   unique int id: @symbol,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -994,6 +1069,7 @@ symbol_array_child(
 
 symbol_array_def(
   unique int id: @symbol_array,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -1008,6 +1084,7 @@ then_child(
 
 then_def(
   unique int id: @then,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -1017,6 +1094,7 @@ then_def(
 
 unary_def(
   unique int id: @unary,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int operand: @unary_operand_type ref,
   int operator: @unary_operator_type ref,
   int loc: @location ref
@@ -1031,6 +1109,7 @@ undef_child(
 
 undef_def(
   unique int id: @undef,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
@@ -1048,6 +1127,7 @@ unless_consequence(
 
 unless_def(
   unique int id: @unless,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int condition: @underscore_statement ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
@@ -1056,6 +1136,7 @@ unless_def(
 
 unless_modifier_def(
   unique int id: @unless_modifier,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int body: @underscore_statement ref,
   int condition: @unless_modifier_condition_type ref,
   int loc: @location ref
@@ -1063,6 +1144,7 @@ unless_modifier_def(
 
 until_def(
   unique int id: @until,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int body: @do ref,
   int condition: @underscore_statement ref,
   int loc: @location ref
@@ -1072,6 +1154,7 @@ until_def(
 
 until_modifier_def(
   unique int id: @until_modifier,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int body: @underscore_statement ref,
   int condition: @until_modifier_condition_type ref,
   int loc: @location ref
@@ -1093,11 +1176,13 @@ when_pattern(
 
 when_def(
   unique int id: @when,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
 while_def(
   unique int id: @while,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int body: @do ref,
   int condition: @underscore_statement ref,
   int loc: @location ref
@@ -1107,6 +1192,7 @@ while_def(
 
 while_modifier_def(
   unique int id: @while_modifier,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int body: @underscore_statement ref,
   int condition: @while_modifier_condition_type ref,
   int loc: @location ref
@@ -1119,11 +1205,13 @@ yield_child(
 
 yield_def(
   unique int id: @yield,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int loc: @location ref
 );
 
 tokeninfo(
   unique int id: @token,
+  int parent: @ast_node_parent ref,
   int kind: int ref,
   int file: @file ref,
   int idx: int ref,
@@ -1159,5 +1247,7 @@ case @token.kind of
 ;
 
 
-@ast_node = @alias | @argument_list | @array | @assignment | @bare_string | @bare_symbol | @begin | @begin_block | @binary | @block | @block_argument | @block_parameter | @block_parameters | @break | @call | @case__ | @chained_string | @class | @conditional | @destructured_left_assignment | @destructured_parameter | @do | @do_block | @element_reference | @else | @elsif | @end_block | @ensure | @exception_variable | @exceptions | @for | @hash | @hash_splat_argument | @hash_splat_parameter | @heredoc_body | @if | @if_modifier | @in | @interpolation | @keyword_parameter | @lambda | @lambda_parameters | @left_assignment_list | @method | @method_call | @method_parameters | @module | @next | @operator_assignment | @optional_parameter | @pair | @parenthesized_statements | @pattern | @program | @range | @rational | @redo | @regex | @rescue | @rescue_modifier | @rest_assignment | @retry | @return | @right_assignment_list | @scope_resolution | @setter | @singleton_class | @singleton_method | @splat_argument | @splat_parameter | @string__ | @string_array | @subshell | @superclass | @symbol | @symbol_array | @then | @token | @unary | @undef | @unless | @unless_modifier | @until | @until_modifier | @when | @while | @while_modifier | @yield
+@ast_node = @alias | @argument_list | @array | @assignment | @bare_string | @bare_symbol | @begin | @begin_block | @binary | @block | @block_argument | @block_parameter | @block_parameters | @break | @call | @case__ | @chained_string | @class | @conditional | @destructured_left_assignment | @destructured_parameter | @do | @do_block | @element_reference | @else | @elsif | @end_block | @ensure | @exception_variable | @exceptions | @file | @for | @hash | @hash_splat_argument | @hash_splat_parameter | @heredoc_body | @if | @if_modifier | @in | @interpolation | @keyword_parameter | @lambda | @lambda_parameters | @left_assignment_list | @method | @method_call | @method_parameters | @module | @next | @operator_assignment | @optional_parameter | @pair | @parenthesized_statements | @pattern | @program | @range | @rational | @redo | @regex | @rescue | @rescue_modifier | @rest_assignment | @retry | @return | @right_assignment_list | @scope_resolution | @setter | @singleton_class | @singleton_method | @splat_argument | @splat_parameter | @string__ | @string_array | @subshell | @superclass | @symbol | @symbol_array | @then | @token | @unary | @undef | @unless | @unless_modifier | @until | @until_modifier | @when | @while | @while_modifier | @yield
+
+@ast_node_parent = @ast_node | @file