C++: Add missing store step for single-field struct use

We have special code to handle field flow for single-field structs, but that special case was too specific. Some `Store`s to single-field structs have no `Chi` instruction, which is the case that we handled already. However, it is possible for the `Store` to have a `Chi` instruction (e.g. for `{AllAliased}`), but still have a use of the result of the `Store` directly. We now add a `PostUpdateNode` for the result of the `Store` itself in those cases, just like we already did if the `Store` had no `Chi`.

cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/ir/dataflow/internal/DataFlowUtil.qll

@@ -362,15 +362,22 @@ private class ExplicitFieldStoreQualifierNode extends PartialDefinitionNode {
 
 /**
  * Not every store instruction generates a chi instruction that we can attach a PostUpdateNode to.
- * For instance, an update to a field of a struct containing only one field. For these cases we
+ * For instance, an update to a field of a struct containing only one field. Even if the store does 
- * attach the PostUpdateNode to the store instruction. There's no obvious pre update node for this case
+ * have a chi instruction, a subsequent use of the result of the store may be linked directly to the
- * (as the entire memory is updated), so `getPreUpdateNode` is implemented as `none()`.
+ * result of the store as an inexact definition if the store totally overlaps the use. For these
+ * cases we attach the PostUpdateNode to the store instruction. There's no obvious pre update node
+ * for this case (as the entire memory is updated), so `getPreUpdateNode` is implemented as
+ * `none()`.
  */
 private class ExplicitSingleFieldStoreQualifierNode extends PartialDefinitionNode {
   override StoreInstruction instr;
 
   ExplicitSingleFieldStoreQualifierNode() {
-    not exists(ChiInstruction chi | chi.getPartial() = instr) and
+    (
+      instr.getAUse().isDefinitionInexact()
+      or
+      not exists(ChiInstruction chi | chi.getPartial() = instr)
+    ) and
     // Without this condition any store would create a `PostUpdateNode`.
     instr.getDestinationAddress() instanceof FieldAddressInstruction
   }

cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/ir/dataflow/internal/PrintIRLocalFlow.qll

@@ -6,34 +6,7 @@ private import semmle.code.cpp.ir.ValueNumbering
 private import semmle.code.cpp.ir.IR
 private import semmle.code.cpp.ir.dataflow.DataFlow
 private import semmle.code.cpp.ir.dataflow.internal.DataFlowUtil
-
+private import PrintIRUtilities
-/**
- * Gets a short ID for an IR dataflow node.
- * - For `Instruction`s, this is just the result ID of the instruction (e.g. `m128`).
- * - For `Operand`s, this is the label of the operand, prefixed with the result ID of the
- *   instruction and a dot (e.g. `m128.left`).
- * - For `Variable`s, this is the qualified name of the variable.
- */
-private string nodeId(DataFlow::Node node, int order1, int order2) {
-  exists(Instruction instruction | instruction = node.asInstruction() |
-    result = instruction.getResultId() and
-    order1 = instruction.getBlock().getDisplayIndex() and
-    order2 = instruction.getDisplayIndexInBlock()
-  )
-  or
-  exists(Operand operand, Instruction instruction |
-    operand = node.asOperand() and
-    instruction = operand.getUse()
-  |
-    result = instruction.getResultId() + "." + operand.getDumpId() and
-    order1 = instruction.getBlock().getDisplayIndex() and
-    order2 = instruction.getDisplayIndexInBlock()
-  )
-  or
-  result = "var(" + node.asVariable().getQualifiedName() + ")" and
-  order1 = 1000000 and
-  order2 = 0
-}
 
 /**
  * Gets the local dataflow from other nodes in the same function to this node.

cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/ir/dataflow/internal/PrintIRStoreSteps.qll

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/**
+ * Print the dataflow local store steps in IR dumps.
+ */
+
+private import cpp
+// The `ValueNumbering` library has to be imported right after `cpp` to ensure
+// that the cached IR gets the same checksum here as it does in queries that use
+// `ValueNumbering` without `DataFlow`.
+private import semmle.code.cpp.ir.ValueNumbering
+private import semmle.code.cpp.ir.IR
+private import semmle.code.cpp.ir.dataflow.DataFlow
+private import semmle.code.cpp.ir.dataflow.internal.DataFlowUtil
+private import semmle.code.cpp.ir.dataflow.internal.DataFlowPrivate
+private import PrintIRUtilities
+
+/**
+ * Property provider for local IR dataflow store steps.
+ */
+class LocalFlowPropertyProvider extends IRPropertyProvider {
+  override string getInstructionProperty(Instruction instruction, string key) {
+    exists(DataFlow::Node objectNode, Content content |
+      key = "content[" + content.toString() + "]" and
+      instruction = objectNode.asInstruction() and
+      result =
+        strictconcat(string element, DataFlow::Node fieldNode |
+          storeStep(fieldNode, content, objectNode) and
+          element = nodeId(fieldNode, _, _)
+        |
+          element, ", "
+        )
+    )
+  }
+}

cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/ir/dataflow/internal/PrintIRUtilities.qll

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/**
+ * Shared utilities used when printing dataflow annotations in IR dumps.
+ */
+
+private import cpp
+// The `ValueNumbering` library has to be imported right after `cpp` to ensure
+// that the cached IR gets the same checksum here as it does in queries that use
+// `ValueNumbering` without `DataFlow`.
+private import semmle.code.cpp.ir.ValueNumbering
+private import semmle.code.cpp.ir.IR
+private import semmle.code.cpp.ir.dataflow.DataFlow
+
+/**
+ * Gets a short ID for an IR dataflow node.
+ * - For `Instruction`s, this is just the result ID of the instruction (e.g. `m128`).
+ * - For `Operand`s, this is the label of the operand, prefixed with the result ID of the
+ *   instruction and a dot (e.g. `m128.left`).
+ * - For `Variable`s, this is the qualified name of the variable.
+ */
+string nodeId(DataFlow::Node node, int order1, int order2) {
+  exists(Instruction instruction | instruction = node.asInstruction() |
+    result = instruction.getResultId() and
+    order1 = instruction.getBlock().getDisplayIndex() and
+    order2 = instruction.getDisplayIndexInBlock()
+  )
+  or
+  exists(Operand operand, Instruction instruction |
+    operand = node.asOperand() and
+    instruction = operand.getUse()
+  |
+    result = instruction.getResultId() + "." + operand.getDumpId() and
+    order1 = instruction.getBlock().getDisplayIndex() and
+    order2 = instruction.getDisplayIndexInBlock()
+  )
+  or
+  result = "var(" + node.asVariable().getQualifiedName() + ")" and
+  order1 = 1000000 and
+  order2 = 0
+}

cpp/ql/test/library-tests/dataflow/dataflow-tests/dataflow-ir-consistency.expected

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ unreachableNodeCCtx
 localCallNodes
 postIsNotPre
 postHasUniquePre
+| test.cpp:373:5:373:20 | Store | PostUpdateNode should have one pre-update node but has 0. |
 uniquePostUpdate
 postIsInSameCallable
 reverseRead
@@ -82,4 +83,5 @@ postWithInFlow
 | test.cpp:125:3:125:11 | Chi | PostUpdateNode should not be the target of local flow. |
 | test.cpp:359:5:359:20 | Chi | PostUpdateNode should not be the target of local flow. |
 | test.cpp:373:5:373:20 | Chi | PostUpdateNode should not be the target of local flow. |
+| test.cpp:373:5:373:20 | Store | PostUpdateNode should not be the target of local flow. |
 | test.cpp:465:3:465:15 | Chi | PostUpdateNode should not be the target of local flow. |

cpp/ql/test/library-tests/dataflow/fields/dataflow-ir-consistency.expected

@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@ unreachableNodeCCtx
 localCallNodes
 postIsNotPre
 postHasUniquePre
+| D.cpp:57:5:57:42 | Store | PostUpdateNode should have one pre-update node but has 0. |
 | simple.cpp:65:5:65:22 | Store | PostUpdateNode should have one pre-update node but has 0. |
+| simple.cpp:83:9:83:28 | Store | PostUpdateNode should have one pre-update node but has 0. |
 | simple.cpp:92:5:92:22 | Store | PostUpdateNode should have one pre-update node but has 0. |
 uniquePostUpdate
 postIsInSameCallable
@@ -54,6 +56,7 @@ postWithInFlow
 | D.cpp:49:15:49:24 | Chi | PostUpdateNode should not be the target of local flow. |
 | D.cpp:56:15:56:24 | Chi | PostUpdateNode should not be the target of local flow. |
 | D.cpp:57:5:57:42 | Chi | PostUpdateNode should not be the target of local flow. |
+| D.cpp:57:5:57:42 | Store | PostUpdateNode should not be the target of local flow. |
 | aliasing.cpp:9:3:9:22 | Chi | PostUpdateNode should not be the target of local flow. |
 | aliasing.cpp:13:3:13:21 | Chi | PostUpdateNode should not be the target of local flow. |
 | aliasing.cpp:17:3:17:21 | Chi | PostUpdateNode should not be the target of local flow. |
@@ -150,6 +153,7 @@ postWithInFlow
 | simple.cpp:23:35:23:35 | Chi | PostUpdateNode should not be the target of local flow. |
 | simple.cpp:65:5:65:22 | Store | PostUpdateNode should not be the target of local flow. |
 | simple.cpp:83:9:83:28 | Chi | PostUpdateNode should not be the target of local flow. |
+| simple.cpp:83:9:83:28 | Store | PostUpdateNode should not be the target of local flow. |
 | simple.cpp:92:5:92:22 | Store | PostUpdateNode should not be the target of local flow. |
 | struct_init.c:20:20:20:29 | Chi | PostUpdateNode should not be the target of local flow. |
 | struct_init.c:20:34:20:34 | Chi | PostUpdateNode should not be the target of local flow. |

cpp/ql/test/library-tests/dataflow/fields/ir-path-flow.expected

@@ -228,8 +228,8 @@ edges
 | simple.cpp:65:5:65:22 | Store [i] | simple.cpp:66:12:66:12 | Store [i] |
 | simple.cpp:65:11:65:20 | call to user_input | simple.cpp:65:5:65:22 | Store [i] |
 | simple.cpp:66:12:66:12 | Store [i] | simple.cpp:67:13:67:13 | i |
-| simple.cpp:83:9:83:28 | Chi [f1] | simple.cpp:84:14:84:20 | this indirection [f1] |
+| simple.cpp:83:9:83:28 | Store [f1] | simple.cpp:84:14:84:20 | this indirection [f1] |
-| simple.cpp:83:17:83:26 | call to user_input | simple.cpp:83:9:83:28 | Chi [f1] |
+| simple.cpp:83:17:83:26 | call to user_input | simple.cpp:83:9:83:28 | Store [f1] |
 | simple.cpp:84:14:84:20 | this indirection [f1] | simple.cpp:84:14:84:20 | call to getf2f1 |
 | simple.cpp:92:5:92:22 | Store [i] | simple.cpp:93:20:93:20 | Store [i] |
 | simple.cpp:92:11:92:20 | call to user_input | simple.cpp:92:5:92:22 | Store [i] |
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ nodes
 | simple.cpp:65:11:65:20 | call to user_input | semmle.label | call to user_input |
 | simple.cpp:66:12:66:12 | Store [i] | semmle.label | Store [i] |
 | simple.cpp:67:13:67:13 | i | semmle.label | i |
-| simple.cpp:83:9:83:28 | Chi [f1] | semmle.label | Chi [f1] |
+| simple.cpp:83:9:83:28 | Store [f1] | semmle.label | Store [f1] |
 | simple.cpp:83:17:83:26 | call to user_input | semmle.label | call to user_input |
 | simple.cpp:84:14:84:20 | call to getf2f1 | semmle.label | call to getf2f1 |
 | simple.cpp:84:14:84:20 | this indirection [f1] | semmle.label | this indirection [f1] |