C++: Introduce the coarse upper bound check from default taint tracking

cpp/ql/src/Security/CWE/CWE-022/TaintedPath.ql

@@ -65,6 +65,29 @@ Expr asSinkExpr(DataFlow::Node node) {
         .getUnconvertedResultExpression()
 }
 
+/**
+ * Holds for a variable that has any kind of upper-bound check anywhere in the program.
+ * This is biased towards being inclusive and being a coarse overapproximation because
+ * there are a lot of valid ways of doing an upper bounds checks if we don't consider
+ * where it occurs, for example:
+ * ```cpp
+ *   if (x < 10) { sink(x); }
+ *
+ *   if (10 > y) { sink(y); }
+ *
+ *   if (z > 10) { z = 10; }
+ *   sink(z);
+ * ```
+ */
+predicate hasUpperBoundsCheck(Variable var) {
+  exists(RelationalOperation oper, VariableAccess access |
+    oper.getAnOperand() = access and
+    access.getTarget() = var and
+    // Comparing to 0 is not an upper bound check
+    not oper.getAnOperand().getValue() = "0"
+  )
+}
+
 class TaintedPathConfiguration extends TaintTracking::Configuration {
   TaintedPathConfiguration() { this = "TaintedPathConfiguration" }
 
@@ -80,6 +103,12 @@ class TaintedPathConfiguration extends TaintTracking::Configuration {
 
   override predicate isSanitizer(DataFlow::Node node) {
     node.asExpr().(Call).getTarget().getUnspecifiedType() instanceof ArithmeticType
+    or
+    exists(LoadInstruction load, Variable checkedVar |
+      load = node.asInstruction() and
+      checkedVar = load.getSourceAddress().(VariableAddressInstruction).getAstVariable() and
+      hasUpperBoundsCheck(checkedVar)
+    )
   }
 
   predicate hasFilteredFlowPath(DataFlow::PathNode source, DataFlow::PathNode sink) {