Python: Improve parser logging/timing/customisability

Does a bunch of things, unfortunately all in the same place, so my
apologies in advance for a slightly complicated commit.

As for the changes themselves, this commit

- Adds timers for the old and new parsers. This means we get the overall
time spent on these parts of the extractor if the extractor is run with
`DEBUG` output shown.
- Adds logging information (at the `DEBUG` level) to show which
invocations of the parsers happen when, and whether they succeed or not.
- Adds support for using an environment variable named
`CODEQL_PYTHON_DISABLE_OLD_PARSER` to disable using the old parser
entirely. This makes it easier to test the new parser in isolation.
- Fixes a bug where we did not check whether a parse with the new parser
had already succeeded, and so would do a superfluous second parse.

python/extractor/semmle/util.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from io import BytesIO
 
 #Semantic version of extractor.
 #Update this if any changes are made
-VERSION = "7.1.0"
+VERSION = "7.1.1"
 
 PY_EXTENSIONS = ".py", ".pyw"