Merge pull request #13528 from rdmarsh2/rdmarsh2/cpp/range-analysis-back-edge

C++: fix range analysis back edge detection for irreducible CFGs

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/rangeanalysis/new/internal/semantic/SemanticSSA.qll

@@ -70,6 +70,27 @@ predicate semBackEdge(SemSsaPhiNode phi, SemSsaVariable inp, SemSsaReadPositionP
   // Conservatively assume that every edge is a back edge if we don't have dominance information.
   (
     phi.getBasicBlock().bbDominates(edge.getOrigBlock()) or
+    irreducibleSccEdge(phi.getBasicBlock(), edge.getOrigBlock()) or
     not edge.getOrigBlock().hasDominanceInformation()
   )
 }
+
+/**
+ * Holds if the edge from b1 to b2 is part of a multiple-entry cycle in an irreducible control flow
+ * graph.
+ *
+ * An ireducible control flow graph is one where the usual dominance-based back edge detection does
+ * not work, because there is a cycle with multiple entry points, meaning there are
+ * mutually-reachable basic blocks where neither dominates the other. For such a graph, we first
+ * remove all detectable back-edges using the normal condition that the predecessor block is
+ * dominated by the successor block, then mark all edges in a cycle in the resulting graph as back
+ * edges.
+ */
+private predicate irreducibleSccEdge(SemBasicBlock b1, SemBasicBlock b2) {
+  trimmedEdge(b1, b2) and trimmedEdge+(b2, b1)
+}
+
+private predicate trimmedEdge(SemBasicBlock pred, SemBasicBlock succ) {
+  pred.getASuccessor() = succ and
+  not succ.bbDominates(pred)
+}

cpp/ql/test/library-tests/ir/range-analysis/test.cpp

@@ -70,3 +70,27 @@ int f4(int x) {
     }
   }
 }
+
+// No interesting ranges to check here - this irreducible CFG caused an infinite loop due to back edge detection
+void gotoLoop(bool b1, bool b2)
+{
+  int j;
+
+  if (b1)
+    return;
+
+  if (!b2)
+  {
+    for (j = 0; j < 10; ++j)
+    {
+     goto main_decode_loop;
+    }
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    for (j = 0; j < 10; ++j)
+    {
+      main_decode_loop:
+    }
+  }
+}